parma
parma, a small round shield, light shield, target (for cavalry or light infantry)
- I Lit.: configunt parmam, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 432 Vahl.); Varr. ap. Non. 552, 30: desiliunt ex equis, provolant in primum agmen et pro antesignanis parmas obiciunt, Liv. 2, 20; 2, 6, 9; 31, 35 fin.: hic miles (veles) tripedalem parmam habet, id. 38, 21 fin.; 26, 4; Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 554, 23: picta fulgebat, Prop. 4, 10, 21.—
- II Transf.
- A In gen., a shield (poet.): (Pallas) parmamque ferens hastamque trementem, Verg. A. 2, 175; 11, 693; Mart. 9, 21, 10.—
- B A gladiator armed with a parma, a Threx (v. Threx) (poet.), Mart. 9, 69, 8.—
- C The valve in a pair of bellows, Aus. Idyll. 10, 267.
David ‥ gigantem ‥ aerea ‥ umbonis ~a protectum [cf. ] ‥ obtruncasse describiturclypeus aereus tegebat umeros ejus I Reg. xvii 6
~a, scutum
scutum vel clipeus vel ~a,scyld
peltae vel ~e,þa læssan scyldas
nullus ‥ quamdiu stetit et ~am tenuit ad eum ‥ accedere ‥ ausus fuit
exercentur ~is duellionum
~a, scutum, clipeus, umbo
mors lares omnium furtim ingreditur / ‥ / ‥ nec opplomatus parma defenditur
unam permam(v.
furati fuerunt ‥ unum arcum precii xl d., unam parmam [or ? permam; ] precii xx d: primam Collect. Staffs XVI 28
perma Aa bokelere
hec ~a, Aa bokeler
excipit horrisonas illeso parmate [v. l. pectore ] fundas
inexpugnabili metrorum pelta et grammaticorum ~a protegere digneris
virginitatis lorica spoliatos pudicitiaeque ~a exutos
nec solus meruit parmam captasse supernam
- 1. (klein) rond schild van de lichte infanterie en ruiterij; (poët.) alg. schild; ➤ -am ferre;
- 2. (Mart.) (meton.) gladiator.
atis, pro Parma, æ. Fridegod. in S. Wilfrido cap. 43 :
Excipit horrisonas illæso Parmate fundas.
- , πάρμη, a small round shield, light shield, target (for cavalry or light infantry): parmas obiciunt, L.: tripedalis, L.—Poet., in gen., a shield, V.
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…; si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema et non modo nationes sed etiam servitia concitaturum ; Parmam direptam ; L. Antonium Alpis occupasse. quae si vera sunt, nemini nostrum cessandum est nec exspectandum quid…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares
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…appellare non audeat quorum scelere crudelitatem Carthaginiensium victam esse fateatur qua enim in urbe tam immanis Hannibal capta quam in Parma surrepta Antonius nisi forte huius coloniae et ceterarum in quas eodem est animo non est hostis putandus. si vero…
Cicero, Philippicae
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…eas copias, quas diu simulatione rei publicae comparabant, subito ad patriae periculum converterunt. Scr. in castris Parmae ex. m. Apr. a. . D. BRVTVS COS. DESIG. M. CICERONI S…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares
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…Hirtius nihil nisi considerate, ut mihi crebris litteris significat, acturus videbatur. praeter Bononiam, Regium Lepidi, Parmam totam Galliam tenebamus studiosissimam rei publicae ; tuos etiam clientis Transpadanos mirifice coniunctos cum causa habebamus. erat firmissimus senatus…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares
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…caelo duce tendere cursus. Ecce per obliqui rapidum compendia montis ductor avens laetusque dolis agnoscit Acastum horrentem iaculis et parmae luce coruscum. ille ubi se mediae per scuta virosque carinae intulit, ardenti Aesonides retinacula ferro abscidit ; haut…
C. Valerius Flaccus , Argonautica
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…est nescire sagittas. igneus ante omnes auro micat, igneus ostro, undantemque sinum nodis inrugat Hiberis. imbelli parma pictus Calydonia matris proelia trux laeva sonat arcus, et aspera plumis terga Cydonea corytos harundine pulsat electro pallens et…
Statius, P. Papinius, Thebais
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…Semiviri poterant qualia ferre Phryges At te protexit superu m pater, et tibi, Caesar, Pro iaculo et parma fulmen et aegis erat. XXI Artemidorus habet puerum, sed vendidit agrum ; Agrum pro puero Calliodorus habet .…
Martial, Epigrammata
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…leuis celsique decus fraudata superbum corporis, at docilis fallendi et nectere tectos numquam tarda dolos. rudis his tum parma, breuique bellabant ense ; at uestigia nuda, sinusque cingere inadsuetum, et rubrae uelamine uestis ars erat in…
NA, Silius Italicus, Corpus Poetarum Latinorum. Vol. 3, ed. W. C. Summers, 1905
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…in conspectu et Cornelius respiciens ad manipulos militum, quod manu, quod uoce poterat, monstrabat uexilla se suorum parmasque cernere equitum. quod ubi auditum simul uisumque est, adeo repente laboris per diem paene totum tolerati uolnerumque obliti…
Livy, ab Urbe Condita
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…Cumque in ipso proeliorum articulo eques se fortiter conturmaret, et muniret latera sua firmius pedes, frontem artissimis conserens parmis, erigebantur crassi pulveris nubes, variique fuere discursus, nunc resistentibus, nunc cedentibus nostris, et obnixi genibus…
Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum
PARMAdim. PA´RMULA (Hor. Carm. 2.7, 10), a round shield, three feet in diameter, carried by the velites in the Roman army. Though small compared with the CLIPEUSit was sufficiently large and strong to be a very effectual protection (Plb. 6.22). This was probably owing to the use of iron in its framework. In the Pyrrhic dance it was raised above the head and struck with a sword so as to emit a loud ringing noise (Claud. de VI. Cons. Honor. 628). The parma was also worn by the EQUITES(Sallust. Frag. Hist. iv.); and for the sake of state and fashion it was sometimes adorned with precious stones (Propert. 5.10, 21).
We find the term parma often applied to the target [CETRA], which was also a small round shield, and therefore very similar to the parma (Propert. 5.10, 40; Mela, 1.5.1; Verg. A. 10.817). Virgil, in like manner, applies the term to the clipeus of the Palladium, because, the statue being small, the shield was small in proportion (Aen. 2.175).
The annexed woodcut shows a votive parma, suspended in a portico, represented on a terra-cotta relief in the Louvre.
[J.Y] [A.H.S]The circular leathern shield of the Roman light infantry. See clipeus.