therefore
therefore
conj.
P. and V. οὖν, οὐκοῦν, τοίνῠν, τοίγᾰρ, ταιγᾰροῦν, Ar. and V. νυ(⏓)ν (enclitic), Ar. and P. τοιγάρτοι.
For which reason: P. and V. ἀνθʼ ὧν, P. διό, διόπερ, ὧν ἕνεκα, V. ὧν οὕνεκα.
For this reason: V. τούτων χά̆ρῐν, ἐκ τῶνδε.
Before imperatives: P. and V. πρὸς ταῦτα (Thuc. 4.87; Ar. Nub. 990 and 1433), V. πρὸς τά̆δε.
conj.
P. and V. οὖν, οὐκοῦν, τοίνῠν, τοίγᾰρ, ταιγᾰροῦν, Ar. and V. νυ(⏓)ν (enclitic), Ar. and P. τοιγάρτοι.
For which reason: P. and V. ἀνθʼ ὧν, P. διό, διόπερ, ὧν ἕνεκα, V. ὧν οὕνεκα.
For this reason: V. τούτων χά̆ρῐν, ἐκ τῶνδε.
Before imperatives: P. and V. πρὸς ταῦτα (Thuc. 4.87; Ar. Nub. 990 and 1433), V. πρὸς τά̆δε.
THEREFORE
igitur (consequently): ergo (on that account): itaque (and so). (☞ adeo inferential is bad Latin; Vid: Lindem. Ruhnken vita duumv. p. 5.): proinde (accordingly): ideo (in consequence): iccirco (on that account): igitur and ergo are also like the English “therefore ” “then ” rightly used for resuming the connection after a parenthesis (☞ ergo igitur and ergo propterea are not classical being found only in early and late writers; Krebs remarks that the phrase itaque ergo occurs several times in Liv.); also in drawing an inference after a series of observations “therefore” is rendered by quae cum ita sint (since these things are so). If the clause with “therefore” does not contain a strict inference but only explains the results of a ground or reason previously assigned the word is not translated but the demonstrative pronoun of the clause is simply changed into a relative; e.g. the works of Xenophon are useful in many respects therefore read them carefully libri Xenophontis ad multas res perutiles sunt quos legite studiose: therefore also ergo etiam (this phrase has been rejected by some critics without reason; Krebs).
igitur (consequently): ergo (on that account): itaque (and so). (☞ adeo inferential is bad Latin; Vid: Lindem. Ruhnken vita duumv. p. 5.): proinde (accordingly): ideo (in consequence): iccirco (on that account): igitur and ergo are also like the English “therefore ” “then ” rightly used for resuming the connection after a parenthesis (☞ ergo igitur and ergo propterea are not classical being found only in early and late writers; Krebs remarks that the phrase itaque ergo occurs several times in Liv.); also in drawing an inference after a series of observations “therefore” is rendered by quae cum ita sint (since these things are so). If the clause with “therefore” does not contain a strict inference but only explains the results of a ground or reason previously assigned the word is not translated but the demonstrative pronoun of the clause is simply changed into a relative; e.g. the works of Xenophon are useful in many respects therefore read them carefully libri Xenophontis ad multas res perutiles sunt quos legite studiose: therefore also ergo etiam (this phrase has been rejected by some critics without reason; Krebs).
therefore:
1. ergo (usu. but not always, placed first: it may be employed in argumentative questions and resumptions): t. also promises are sometimes not to be kept, e. et promissa non facienda nonnunquam, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95: let it be fixed t. that what is dishonourable is never useful, maneat e. quod turpe sit id nunquam utile esse, id. ib. 3, 12, 49: the foll. pleon. expr. are found: itaque e., Liv.; e. igitur, Pl.; e. propterea, Ter.
2. ĭgĭtur (weaker than preced.: not usu. first: if so placed, as often in Sall., it is emph.): t. the highest and most perfect glory consists of these three things, summa i. et perfecta gloria constat ex tribus his, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 31: t. at home and abroad morality was cultivated, i. domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur, Sall. C. 9: do you see t. ...? videsne i. ...? Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 14. [N.B. video is seldom joined to ergo: also avoid et igitur, igiturque.]
3. ĭtăque (and so: in Cic. and Caes. it takes the first place: in Liv. and later writers often after one or two words): t. such a man will not venture to do nor even to think anything which he dares not utter, i. talis vir non modo facere sed ne cogitare quidem quidquam audebit quod non audeat praedicare, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77.
4. iccirco, idcirco (for that reason: the clause stating the cause or reason is introduced by quod, quia, quoniam or si, with indic. in direct, subj. in indirect clauses: if the foll. clause denotes a purpose, the subj. is always used: it may also be used abs.): because nature cannot be changed, t. true friendships are eternal, quia natura mutari non potest i. verae amicitiae sempiternae sunt, Cic. Am. 9. 32: did none of the former (rulers) t. touch it that he himself might carry it off? i. nemo superiorum attigit ut ipse tolleret? id. Verr. 4, 4, 7: shall I t. write with the greatest licence? i.ne scribam licenter? Hor. A. P. 265. The combination neque i. minus, occurs in Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 8.
5. ĭdeo (syn. of preced.: constr. exactly like it): because I have had the letter many days in hand t. many additions have been made at odd times, quod multos dies epistolam in manibus habui i. multa conjecta sunt aliud alio tempore, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23: he thought it necessary that Pompey should be informed and t. went to him, necessarium existimavit fieri certiorem Pompeium, atque i. ad Pompeium contendit, Caes. B. C. 3, 11 (et ideo, ideoque also occur).
6. proptĕrea (for that cause, constr. with quod, quia, ut): I t. said these things about myself that Tubero might pardon me, haec p. de me dixi ut mihi Tubero ignosceret, Cic. Lig. 3, 8 (usu. in close connection with quod or quia, in the sense of "because that").
7. eo (for that motive or reason): t. I will be briefer, e. ero brevior, Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1: similarly isto, Pl. Rud. 4, 7, 8.
8. proinde, proin (usu. in advice or encouragement, or in animated discourse, esp. towards the close of a speech): (he said) that he came down to check the turbulent; t. it will be better for them to be quiet, se descendisse ut turbantes coerceret; p. quiesse erit melius, Liv. 3, 48: id. 30, 4: Cic.: Caes.
9. expr. by neut. acc. of a pron. (with reference to this): so, id: I rejoice t., id ego gaudeo quod ..., Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9: quod: I fear lest the disease grow worse, t. I pray thee, O Health, that nothing of the kind may happen, metuo ne morbus aggravescat: quod te, Salus, ne quid sit hujus oro, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2.
10. expr. by ob hoc, ob id, quamobrem, or by a clause: as, quae quum ita sint (R. and A.): v.WHEREFORE .
1. ergo (usu. but not always, placed first: it may be employed in argumentative questions and resumptions): t. also promises are sometimes not to be kept, e. et promissa non facienda nonnunquam, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95: let it be fixed t. that what is dishonourable is never useful, maneat e. quod turpe sit id nunquam utile esse, id. ib. 3, 12, 49: the foll. pleon. expr. are found: itaque e., Liv.; e. igitur, Pl.; e. propterea, Ter.
2. ĭgĭtur (weaker than preced.: not usu. first: if so placed, as often in Sall., it is emph.): t. the highest and most perfect glory consists of these three things, summa i. et perfecta gloria constat ex tribus his, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 31: t. at home and abroad morality was cultivated, i. domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur, Sall. C. 9: do you see t. ...? videsne i. ...? Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 14. [N.B. video is seldom joined to ergo: also avoid et igitur, igiturque.]
3. ĭtăque (and so: in Cic. and Caes. it takes the first place: in Liv. and later writers often after one or two words): t. such a man will not venture to do nor even to think anything which he dares not utter, i. talis vir non modo facere sed ne cogitare quidem quidquam audebit quod non audeat praedicare, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77.
4. iccirco, idcirco (for that reason: the clause stating the cause or reason is introduced by quod, quia, quoniam or si, with indic. in direct, subj. in indirect clauses: if the foll. clause denotes a purpose, the subj. is always used: it may also be used abs.): because nature cannot be changed, t. true friendships are eternal, quia natura mutari non potest i. verae amicitiae sempiternae sunt, Cic. Am. 9. 32: did none of the former (rulers) t. touch it that he himself might carry it off? i. nemo superiorum attigit ut ipse tolleret? id. Verr. 4, 4, 7: shall I t. write with the greatest licence? i.ne scribam licenter? Hor. A. P. 265. The combination neque i. minus, occurs in Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 8.
5. ĭdeo (syn. of preced.: constr. exactly like it): because I have had the letter many days in hand t. many additions have been made at odd times, quod multos dies epistolam in manibus habui i. multa conjecta sunt aliud alio tempore, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23: he thought it necessary that Pompey should be informed and t. went to him, necessarium existimavit fieri certiorem Pompeium, atque i. ad Pompeium contendit, Caes. B. C. 3, 11 (et ideo, ideoque also occur).
6. proptĕrea (for that cause, constr. with quod, quia, ut): I t. said these things about myself that Tubero might pardon me, haec p. de me dixi ut mihi Tubero ignosceret, Cic. Lig. 3, 8 (usu. in close connection with quod or quia, in the sense of "because that").
7. eo (for that motive or reason): t. I will be briefer, e. ero brevior, Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1: similarly isto, Pl. Rud. 4, 7, 8.
8. proinde, proin (usu. in advice or encouragement, or in animated discourse, esp. towards the close of a speech): (he said) that he came down to check the turbulent; t. it will be better for them to be quiet, se descendisse ut turbantes coerceret; p. quiesse erit melius, Liv. 3, 48: id. 30, 4: Cic.: Caes.
9. expr. by neut. acc. of a pron. (with reference to this): so, id: I rejoice t., id ego gaudeo quod ..., Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9: quod: I fear lest the disease grow worse, t. I pray thee, O Health, that nothing of the kind may happen, metuo ne morbus aggravescat: quod te, Salus, ne quid sit hujus oro, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2.
10. expr. by ob hoc, ob id, quamobrem, or by a clause: as, quae quum ita sint (R. and A.): v.
οὖν
οὖν, then, therefore
ἄρα
ἄρα, therefore
τοίνυν
τοίνυν, (postpositive) well then; therefore; moreover
εἶτα
εἶτα, then, next, accordingly, therefore
ἔπειτα
ἔπειτα, then, next, therefore
οὐκοῦν
οὐκοῦν, therefore (particle)
τοιγάρ
so then, wherefore, therefore, accordingly
τῷ
therefore, in this wise, thereupon
for that very reason, therefore
τοὔνεκα
for that reason, therefore
τῶ
therefore
οὖν, then, therefore
ἄρα
ἄρα, therefore
τοίνυν
τοίνυν, (postpositive) well then; therefore; moreover
εἶτα
εἶτα, then, next, accordingly, therefore
ἔπειτα
ἔπειτα, then, next, therefore
οὐκοῦν
οὐκοῦν, therefore (particle)
τοιγάρ
so then, wherefore, therefore, accordingly
τῷ
therefore, in this wise, thereupon
appearing fewer than 50 times
τοιγαροῦνfor that very reason, therefore
τοὔνεκα
for that reason, therefore
τῶ
therefore
igitur
then, therefore, thereupon, accordingly, consequently
ideo
for that reason, on that account, therefore
propterea
therefore, for that cause, on that account
idcirco
on that account, for that reason, therefore
proinde
hence, therefore, accordingly, then (in advice or exhortation)
for that reason, therefore
then, therefore, thereupon, accordingly, consequently
ideo
for that reason, on that account, therefore
propterea
therefore, for that cause, on that account
idcirco
on that account, for that reason, therefore
proinde
hence, therefore, accordingly, then (in advice or exhortation)
appearing fewer than 50 times
eapropterfor that reason, therefore