reus

reus , ī, m.: a defendant; the accused; hence, (fig.), reus vōtī, liable in respect to a vow; bound by one's vow, 5.237. (rēs)

rĕus, i, m., and rĕa, ae, f. [res], jurid. t. t.

• Originally, a party to an action (res), either plaintiff or defendant; afterwards restricted to the party accused, defendant, prisoner, etc.: reos appello non eos modo, qui arguuntur, sed omnes, quorum de re disceptatur. Sic enim olim loquebantur, Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183; cf.: reos appello, quorum res est, id. ib. 2, 79, 321: reus nunc dicitur, qui causam dicit: et item qui quid promisit spoponditve ac debet. At Gallus Aelius, lib. II. Significationum verborum quae ad jus pertinent, ait: reus est qui cum altero litem contestatam habet, sive is egit, sive cum eo actum est, Fest. p. 273 Müll. It is found in this original signif. in the Lex XII. Tab., Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l., which Ulpian periphrases: si judex vel alteruter ex litigatoribus morbo sontico impediatur, Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 3.—
• II In the stricter sense.
• • A A party obliged or under obligation to do or pay any thing, one answerable or responsible for any thing, a bondsman, a debtor: reus dictus est a re, quam promisit ac debet. Reus stipulando est, qui stipulatur. Reus promittendo est, qui suo nomine alteri quid pro altero promisit, Fest. pp. 135 and 227; cf. Dig. 45, 2, 1; and: delegare est vice suā alium reum dare creditori vel cui jusserit, ib. 46, 2, 11: pecuniae reus fieri, ib. 16, 1, 17: dotis, ib. 23, 3, 22, § 2: locationis, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 9.—
  • • 2 Transf., in gen., one who is bound by any thing, who is answerable for any thing, a debtor (very rare): quo intentius custodiae serventur, opportuna loca dividenda praefectis esse, ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit, answerable or responsible for, Liv. 25, 30: voti reus, bound by my vow (sc. in having obtained my desire), Verg. A. 5, 237 (voti reus, debitor, Serv.: voti reus: Haec vox propria sacrorum est, ut reus vocetur, qui suscepto voto se numinibus obligat, damnatus autem, qui promissa vota non solvit, Macr. S. 3, 2). —
  • B One who is accused or arraigned, a defendant, prisoner, a criminal, culprit (the predominant signif. at all periods and in all styles; cf.: nocens, sons): quis erat petitor? Fannius. Quis reus? Flavius. Quis judex? Cluvius, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42: inopia reorum ... aliquos ad columnam Maeniam reos reperire, id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 50: privato Milone et reo ad populum accusante P. Clodio, id. Mil. 15, 40: reus Milonis lege Plotiā fuit Clodius quoad vixit, id. ib. 13, 35 fin.: facere aliquem reum, to accuse one, Nep. Alcib. 4, 3.— Persons under criminal charges usually put on mourning: rei ad populum Furius et Manlius circumeunt sordidati, Liv. 2, 54, 3 (cf. id. 2, 61; 3, 58; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152). — In fem.: ut socrus adulescentis rea ne fiat, Cic. Fam. 13, 54: tota rea citaretur Etruria, id. Mil. 19, 50: rea es, Sen. Contr. 4, 29. —
  • • • • β With a statement of the crime or the punishment, one guilty of any crime, one condemned to any punishment: facti reus, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 16 (148): aliquem rei capitalis reum facere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf. capitis, Quint. 12, 10, 70: avaritiae, Cic. Fl. 3, 7: lenocinii, Quint. 5, 10, 47: parricidii, id. 7, 2, 17: manifesti peculatūs, id. 12, 1, 43 et saep.: Sestius, qui est de vi reus, Cic. Sest. 35, 75; so, de vi, id. Vatin. 17, 41; Quint. 11, 1, 51: de ambitu, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2: de moribus, Quint. 4, 2, 3: est enim reus uterque ob eandem causam et eodem crimine, Cic. Vatin. 17, 41: mortis reus, Vulg. Matt. 26, 66: cum equester ordo reus a consulibus citaretur, Cic. Sest. 15, 35. — For the expressions reum facere, agere, peragere, postulare, inter reos referre, etc., v. h. vv.—
    • 2 Transf., in gen.: judex sim Reusque ad eam rem, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 (234): reus fortunae, that was to be blamed for a misfortune, Liv. 6, 24; 9, 8: facinoris, Tac. A. 2, 66: reus agor, Ov. H. 20, 91.— In fem.: fortuna una accusatur, una agitur rea, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 22: cum rea laudis agar, Ov. H. 14, 120.

reus, ī, m. u. rea, ae, f. (zu rēs = Prozeß), I) der oder die in Anklagestand versetzt-, der verklagt ist, der Verklagte, die Verklagte, wobei die Angabe der Klage im Genet. steht (Ggstz. accusator, quaesitor, iudex), seltener mit de u. Abl., reus ad populum (vor den Tributkomitien), Liv. 2, 53, 3: reus parricidii, Quint.: reus furtorum, Lampr.: cotidianorum scelerum rei, Lampr.: maluit patrati quam incepti facinoris reus esse, Tac.: reum facere alqm, in Anklagestand versetzen, vor Gericht fordern, Cic., de vi, Cael. in Cic. ep.: reum fieri, in Anklagestand versetzt werden, angeklagt werden, Cic.: ut socrus rea ne fiat, Cic.: alqm reum agere, in Anklagestand versetzen, anklagen, Liv. u.a. (s. Fabri u. Weißenb. Liv. 24, 25, 1): u. so alqm agere reum legum spretarum (wegen usw.), Ov.: alqm incesti reum agere, Vell.: u. reum peragere, die Klage weiter verfolgen, durchführen, Liv. 4, 42, 6 (u. so receptus reus, neque peractus, die Klage gegen ihn wurde nicht weiter verfolgt, Tac. ann. 4, 21: et peragar populi publicus ore reus, und vom Volke werde ich für völlig schuldig erklärt werden, Ov. trist. 1, 1, 24): referre in reos, unter die Zahl der Beklagten schreiben, vom Prätor, Cic.: alqm ex reis eximere (wieder ausstreichen), Cic.: postulare alqm reum impietatis, anklagen, Plin. ep.: nemo est reus (befindet sich im Anklagestand) legibus illis, Cic.: similis criminis reus erat, Quint.: Sextius, qui est de vi reus, Cic.: alqm reum pro se constituere, als Schuldner (in Schuldsachen) für sich stellen, ICt. – außergerichtlich, reus fortunae, schuld am Unglücke, Liv.: reus calpae alienae, Liv.: reus in secreto acebatur, wurde insgeheim (beim Könige) angeschwärzt, Curt.: egit me ore silente reum, Ov.: reus sine te criminis huius agor, Ov.: communis culpae cur reus unus agor? Prop. – Plur. rei, die Parteien, sowohl der Kläger als der verklagte Teil, reos appello, quorum res est, Cic. de or. 2, 321. – II) der etwas zu leisten gehalten ist, schuldig, verbunden zu etw., gebunden an etw., satis dandi, ICt.: dotis, ICt.: voti, schuldig, das Gelübde zu bezahlen, d.i. wenn der Wunsch gewährt ist, Verg.: suae partis tutandae, schuldig, für seinen Teil zu stehen, Liv.

reus [CL] 1 guilty: a (of person) who has offended or committed an offence. b (of action or condition) culpable, that involves guilt. c (of mind or conscience) laden with guilt. a sic reus advenit Romanam consul ad urbem / ut vindicta gravis noxam puniret inormem Aldh. VirgV 1838; simul erunt rei in conspectu justi arbitris qui nolunt scire et qui nolunt docere Byrht. Man. 58; qui ad ecclesiam ‥ confugerit, si reus est data impunitate vite vel membrorum justicie reddatur. si innocens liberetur Ord. Vit. IX 2 p. 465.  b sic rea suffragante Deo commenta fatescunt Aldh. VirgV 1015; obsecro, ne videat, proprios avertat ocellos, / contexit primi quod rea dextra patris Alcuin Carm. 92. 1. 10; que superna majestas de suo plasmate ‥ disponit, rea peccatorum lippitudo investigare ‥ nequit Ord. Vit. XII 26 p. 416; a1350 si ‥ pars rea contra formam venerit ‥ habebitur pro non defensata StatOx 91.  c ostenditur ipsa mens rea, non tamen vel suo judicio libera, cum ‥ in vigiliis corporis meminit in ingluviem cecidisse Bede HE I 27 p. 60; quem nimius reae conscientiae tenebat dolor Ib. IV 25 p. 263; ita ut rea sibi nostra videatur conscientia, si non amaverimus redamantem aut si amantem non redamaverimus Ailr. Spir. Amicit. III 86. 691; que [mens] sponte corruit, ream recognoscit J. Howd. Cant. 313. 2 guilty of (w. gen., dat., or abl. of deed or crime). b responsible for, liable for loss of (w. gen.). 955 Jude reus scelere CS 910; in monasterio locatam ‥ non multo post depulit stupri ream W. Malm. GR II 113; merito ‥ tu moriere, cum sis lese majestatis reus in Deum et in me Ib. II 181; regie majestati reus existit qui regi maliciose suggerit ut propriis rebus spoliatus dominium suum imminuat Ord. Vit. VI 10 p. 94; fratricidii rea et conscia [soror sancti Kenelmi] Gir. IK I 2 p. 25; aliud est esse reum criminis, aliud esse reum capitis; nam esse reum criminis est habere crimen in se, esse reum capitis est esse dignum ut ei auferatur caput P. Blois Ep. Sup. 28. 38; s1459 virum sediciosum valde, et prodicione reum Reg. Whet. I 349.  b si quis presbiter penitentiam morientibus abnegaverit, reus erit animarum Theod. Pen. I 8. 5; nonne si forte minus fideliter steterit super custodiam suam, et hostes ipso dormiente irruerint, proditor urbis forte convincetur et reus animarum que intra illam sunt? J. Ford Serm. 113. 3. 3 liable to (w. gen. or abl. of penalty). secundum divinam legem ‥ mortis reus est et reatu similis Absolon pari nece multandus est Ord. Vit. V 10 p. 389; omnes ‥ ipsum reum mortis unanimiter acclamaverunt Eul. Hist. I 85; 1382 conclusiones ‥ sacre doctrine contrarias, et per consequens reas igne Conc. III 171b. 4 liable to forfeiture (w. gen. of thing forfeited). servum illum perdat et were sue reus sit (Quad.) GAS 153; qui eos firmabit vel suorum aliquem vel ad eos quemquam mittet, sui ipsius reus sit et omnium que habebit (Ib.) Ib. 167; sit ipse reus lingue (Cons. Cnuti) Ib. 321; esse reum capitis est esse dignum ut ei auferatur caput P. Blois Ep. Sup. 28. 38. 5 (as sb. m. or f.) one who is guilty, sinner, criminal. b (leg.) defendant. judices ‥ vindicantes ‥ reos et latrones Gildas EB 27; sic vindicta reos plectebat trina Tonantis / usque fugam vitae Aldh. VirgV 967; reus [AS: forworht mann] propitiatione indiget Prov. Durh. 24; tunc omnes intelligentes causam oraverunt ab ipsa reae indulgentiam atque illa maternus visceribus docta ultro liberavit eam Gosc. Wulfh. 14; [Henricus II] quantumlibet reos longe pronior absolvere quam condemnare Gir. TH III 49; perplura de penis reorum sive gloria salvatorum contemplatum J. Furness Walth. 89.  b animadversio, sententia in reum dicta GlC A 653; homo qui sepe fuerit accusatus et reus fiat et nesciat quis eum sumat in plegium (Quad.) GAS 155; sermo rhetoris ‥ ad ultimum ‥ damnat reum Alb. Lond. DG 9. 4; 1513 inter nobilem domicellam A. H. ‥ actricem ex una et dictum dominum W. suum sponsum reum partibus ab altera Offic. S. Andr. 3.

rĕus, (7) ī, m. et rĕa, æ, f. , ¶ 1 partie en cause dans un procès [demandeur ou défendeur] : reos appello omnes, quorum de re disceptatur Cic. de Or. 2, 183, jʼappelle des rei tous ceux dont les intérêts sont en cause [= parties intéressées], cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 321 ; Fest. 273 ¶ 2 [en gén.] accusé [opposé à petitor, demandeur] : Cic. Com. 42, cf. Mil. 40 ; reus Milonis lege Plotia fuit Clodius, quoad vixit Cic. Mil. 35, Clodius a été toute sa vie sous le coup dʼune accusation de Milon, portée en vertu de la loi Plotia ; rei capitalis reus Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 94, accusé dʼun crime capital ; avaritiæ Cic. Fl. 7, accusé de cupidité ; de vi Cic. Vat. 41 ; Sest. 75 ; de ambitu Cic. Q. 3, 3, 2, accusé de violence, de brigue ; reum facere aliquem Cic. Q. 3, 3, 2 ; Verr. 2, 2, 94, accuser qqn ; reum fieri Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 29, être mis en accusation || [métaph.] fortunæ reus Liv. 6, 24, 8, accusé dʼun mauvais succès ¶ 3 [en part.] celui qui doit une chose (res) [dette ou promesse], débiteur : Fest. 273 ; Dig. 45, 2, 1 ; 46, 2, 11, etc. || [fig.] ut suæ quisque partis tutandæ reus sit Liv. 25, 30, 5, pour que chacun soit débiteur [= responsable] de la garde de sa position ; voti reus Virg. En. 5, 237, débiteur dʼun vœu, lié par un vœu, cf. Serv. , et Macr. Sat. 3, 2.

reus , i. m.
犯人。囚犯。被吿。有本分。— avaritiae 被吿慳吝罪。— voti 羽還願者。— Milonis 被彌郎吿者。— tuendae stationis 有護守地方之責。— de vi 被吿强犯他人。

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reus adj.

• res, concerned in a thing, party to an action: reos appello omnīs, quorum de re disceptatur.—Accused, arraigned, defendant, prosecuted, under charges: Milone reo ad populum, accusante P. Clodio: cum a me reus factus sit, was prosecuted: ne quis istis legibus reus fiat: rei ad populum circumeunt sordidati, when under charges before the tribal comitia, L.: ut socrus adulescentis rea ne fiat: tota rea citaretur Etruria: de vi: ob eandem causam et eodem crimine: Nunc reus infelix absens agor, O.—As substm., the defendant, accused, prisoner: innocentem reum condemnatum audiebant: aliter condemnari reus non potest.—Bound, answerable, responsible: ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit, L.: voti reus, when bound by my vow, i. e. when my prayer is granted, V.: fortunae, to be blamed for, L.: Quid fiet sonti, cum rea laudis agar?i. e. though deserving praise am accused, O.

REUS

REUS[ACTOR; OBLIGATIONES. ]

Reus

The term used by the Romans for the person accused, especially in a criminal trial. In such a case custom required the accused to appear in public in the garb of mourning, with beard and hair in an unkempt condition, in neglected attire, and stripped of every sign of rank. The mere accusation involved some suspension of legal rights, preventing the reus from standing for any office and from exercising the functions of a judge. The higher officials were exempt from criminal accusation while in office and when engaged in the discharge of public business. Lastly, lawsuits between two persons connected by ties of family or office, such as parents and children, patrons and clients, were regarded as inadmissible.