vertere

vertere [CL] 1 (trans., also refl. or pass. in intr. sense) to turn, revolve, rotate (also fig.). b (pr. ppl., intr., of period of time) coming round. c (pons ~ens) swingbridge. mola est que dum multas curas congerit humanas mentes quasi per gyrum ~it Bede Luke 549B; stellae lumen a sole mutuantes cum mundo ~i ‥ dicuntur Id. NR 201; per cardinem ‥ hostium ~itur (Andr. S. Vict. Amos) CC cont. med. LXXXIIIG 156; cum se ter in girum ~isset ut ab omnibus undique videri posset Gir. GE II 17 p. 248; cardinales ‥ dicuntur a cardine, quia, sicut ostium ~itur circa cardinem, sic circa cardinales totum ~itur curiae consilium Id. PI I 19 p. 108.  b annorum ~entium complectitur dies Bede TR 53; anni ~ente quoque die Eddi 3; redeunte anni ~entis termino R. Cold. Osw. 15.  c 1238 Waltero Pictori pro ponte ~enti extra portam subfullendo et plancando KR Ac 476/3; c1250 pontem vero ~entem de le dunjun totum novum reparavit AncC 3/153. 2 to turn over or the other way up, invert (esp. soil by ploughing, hay or sim. for drying). b to overturn. arva ~endo sulcos seminibus praeparare Bede Sam. 572B; jam bobus junctis vertit arator humum Nig. SS 1424; ad tritici trituram terras ~endo laborant Gir. DK I 8; debent falcare, spargere, ~ere, cumulare, et cariare ‥ et levare ibidem super tassum xxviij acras prati Cust. Battle 88; 1311 alio die pratum suum ~et et levabit Cart. Boarstall 545; 1365 ~et, colliget, et tassabit fenum domini Pipe Cloyne 30; c1418 in una acra prati ‥ falcanda, ~enda, et levanda Ac. Obed. Abingd. 87.  b ut si montes et omnem molem terrae pede ~ere vellent Hon. Eluc. 1171B. 3 to give a curved or rounded form to, bend. labium ejus versum erat exterius sicut labium calicis ~itur Andr. S. Vict. Reg. 96. 4 (also dep., or pass. w. acc. of respect) to turn (thing) to face (towards or in spec., esp. new, direction), to present by turning; b (w. terga, dorsum, or sim., in flight; v. et. tergiversari); c (transf., of land). d (intr.) to face (cf. et. vergere 2). e (trans.) to face, have an aspect towards. versis capitibus contra naturam deorsum ad terram ‥ pedes ‥ sursum prominebant V. Cuthb. I 3; o populi ‥ / en meus hic genitor, vultum huc vertite cuncti Mir. Nin. 175; hinc oculos vertens partem qua dextera monstrat Æthelwulf Abb. 732; prostratus super pavimentum, versus faciem ad terram V. Chris. Marky. 24; ~ens se ad archidiaconum Giraldum ‥ inquit ‥ Gir. RG I 20; omnis species titimalli ~it comas ad solem Alph. 185.  b ad primum hostium adventum ‥ terga ~ens Bede HE II 2 p. 84; si ‥ exercitus ‥ direxerit faciem contra undam ‥ . si autem exercitus terga versus fuerit contra eam Nen. HB 214; dorsum ~ere velociter fugiens festinat Ad. Scot QEC 865B.  c duas acras terre ‥ que ~unt fines suos super predictam terram FormA 136.  d 11‥ vj acras terre que tendunt contra Fardune, et ~unt super terram monachorum FormA 50; 12‥ una acra ~it super eandem divisam Reg. Malm. II 257; columbina ‥ habet ‥ flores ad modum columbe ad stipitem ~entes Alph. 42.  e 12‥ tres acre ‥ quarum ‥ una acra ~it divisam campi ‥ et una acra vertit super eandem divisam et jacet proximo terre ecclesie Reg. Malm. II 257. 5 to turn or move this way and that or in all directions (also transf. or fig.), (pass., or dep. intr.) to be or go about, exist (in spec., esp. adverse or uncertain, conditions or state). b (~i in dubium) to be in doubt. c (pass., or dep. intr.) to revolve (critically around), to hinge or depend (on). d to be at issue, to be at stake. videlicet huc illucque volatu dubio ~ebatur modo abire incipiens, modo ad arcam velut intraturus rediens Bede Gen. 100D; 1166 ecclesie in deteriori calculo ~ebantur J. Sal. Ep. 145 (168 p. 10); permittit ‥ archam semper ~i et vergi sed non mergi Gir. PI I 17 p. 70.  b ne opus caritatis quod apud vos in dubium ~itur ‥ in funem longissimum valeat dubitacionis extendi Gir. Invect. VI 26; 1414 ~eretur in dubium quid ad ipsum thesaurarium ‥ pertinere deberet Cart. York 31.  c in hoc totius rei publice salus ~itur, ut ‥ J. Sal. Pol. 597A; in talibus ‥ Achademicorum probabilium disceptatio ~ebatur Ib. 650C.  d tuum enim periculum ~itur! pugna est de anima tua, de salute tua Bald. Cant. Serm. 11. 16. 514C; quandoque jura aptantur ad ea que raro contingunt, et maxime ubi periculum spirituale ‥ ~itur Ockham Dial. 953 (recte 941). 6 to set the (new) course or direction of movement of (esp. w. ref. to diversion or complete reversal of direction), to direct (also absol. or intr.), (also pass., or dep. intr.) to set course, go (also transf. or fig.); b (refl.); c (into flight). d (esp. w. ref. to hostile action or sim.) to set the (new) target of (also transf.). e to address (words to audience or sim.). quid ageret quove pedem ~eret nescius Bede HE II 12 p. 108; chelydri / qui sacra perversus conamina vertere nitens / gaudet vel modica turbari nube fideles Id. CuthbV 317; leves in auras iter ~entes Felix Guthl. 31 p. 104; cunctis mirantibus illum / vivere post mortem; mortis sed versus ab oris / vivere jam Christo sensu prediscit acuto Æthelwulf Abb. 385; s891 alter [sc. frater] domi ~itur Æthelw. IV 3; assequantur pedites / ‥ / neque verti retro queant (Vers. Wint.) Hist. Chess 515; male vertit fatalis alea, / quod ad reges de patris / palea me transtulit P. Blois Carm. CC 1. 9. 2b; nunc ad majores ‥ stilum ~emus Gir. GE II 28 p. 293; 1276 ~ebat cursum aque Hund. Highworth 26; precedens ‥ in adventu suo cum luce multa candelarum, alias eas ~it ut incautus irrueret [sc. in foramen] Map NC V 4 f. 62; adversarum impetus rerum viri fortis non ~it animum Bacon Mor. Phil. 104; lora igitur ~imus per littus fluminis G. Hen. V 10.  b a totius gyri ambitu ‥ ad hanc vastam ‥ se voraginem ~unt Lib. Monstr. I pref.; quocumque se ~ant, hanc [sc. securim] prevectant Gir. TH III 21; in vertice ‥ capilli in diversa se ~unt ‥ alii ad frontem descendunt, alii ad occiduam capitis partem Bald. Cant. Serm. XII 24. 483A.  c victos Britannos in fugam ~it Bede HE I 2 p. 14; 1255 malefactores tunc versi fuerunt in fugam SelPlForest 28.  d ~atur ‥ manus tua contra me et contra domum patris mei Gildas EB 50; ut calumniam in ipsum ~eremus auctorem Bede Cant. 1069D; in socios arma ~ere incipiunt Id. HE I 15 p. 32; belli impetum ~i contra Hirusalem Andr. S. Vict. Reg. 129; parati erant pro domino porrigere cervicem et periculum imminens in caput suum ~ere J. Sal. Pol. 757D; ubi adversarium fortuna subduxit, in se ipsa morsus suos vertit Bacon Mor. Phil. 91; et ~atur quam citius in indomitas et cruentas facies paganorum G. Hen. V 25 p. 180.  e ad vos, o fratres, vertam, mea cura, camenas Alcuin Carm. 9. 137; ad domesticam ecclesiam nostram verba ~amus J. Ford Serm. 41. 6; ad vos verba ~amus Gir. SD 150. 7 (refl.) to turn for help or protection (to). quid faciam? quo me ~am? Ailr. Spec. Car. I 24. 543C; c1180 inter angustias constitutus, nescio quo me ~am P. Blois Ep. 53. 169A. 8 to turn or apply (to purpose or use); b (refl. or intr.). maxima Dei munera non ad fructum pietatis sed ad incrementum ~ere luxuriae Bede Gen. 143B; hoc tantum sacramentum ‥ in artem magicam ~erunt Gir. GE I 49 p. 137.  b ad equitatis discende studium totis viribus se ~ere nitebantur Asser Alf. 106; omnis sexus et aetas ad lamentum profusius se ~ebat R. Shrewsb. 5. 32; in omnes se versucias ~ens omnesque sue malignitatis artes exercens Gir. Invect. I 7; si aliqui incipiant ~ere in questionem an Christus sit verus Deus Ockham Dial. 615. 9 to turn, direct (one's mind or attention). b to direct the mind or attention of. animadvertet, id est animum ~et Andr. S. Vict. Sal. 12.  b nos possumus ~ere nos ad Dominum nostrum et cum magno gaudio dicere ‥ Ailr. Serm. 1. 29. 215A. 10 to turn over in the mind, ponder, consider. b to carry on, conduct (discussion, dispute, debate, lawsuit, or sim.). c1473 premissa considerantes, ~entes etiam quam equum sit ‥ meritis tantis ‥ patris ‥ aliquo retributionis titulo ‥ coequare Lit. Cant. III 263.  b hec cum ante virum venerabilem ipsius monasterii abbatem ‥ disputatio ~eretur Ailr. Ed. Conf. 782A; c1178 causam quae ~ebatur inter ‥ W. abbatem ‥ et G. presbiterum Chr. Rams. 309; 1197 nos a lite que ~ebatur inter nos et sanctimoniales ‥ recessisse (Cart. Godstow 14) Ch. Westm. 223; c1219 controversias et causas que ~i debent inter nos et ‥ regem Scottorum coram vobis Pat 197; 1269 R. venit contra N. et fecit legem super querelam que ~atur inter eos CBaron 76; 1279 super questionibus et controversiis que inter Johannem ‥ et Amaneum ‥ ~ebantur RGasc II 77a; c1442 in dicta pretensa causa, que pretenditur ~i coram vobis FormOx 468. 11 (of action, event, or sim., pass., or dep. intr.) to turn, lead, or progress (towards or to spec. end or conclusion). compungi poenitentia solemus quando contra votum nostra opera ~i videmus Bede Hom. I 12. 61A; si ‥ senseritis quod in aegritudinem vobis ~atur Anselm (Ep. 446) V 393; nocturna caligo succedit, ~untur in fastidium omnia (Ailr. Serm.) CC cont. med. IID 243; ~atur in periculum capitis mei quicquid agas, quicquid judices Map NC IV 3 f. 44v. 12 to transfer (property or sim.), (also refl., of property) to pass, transfer. non licet abbati neque episcopo terram aecclesiae ~ere ad aliam, quamvis ambae in potestate ejus sint Theod. Pen. II 6. 6; totum manerium ‥ lestan tenuit de rege E. et post mortem ejus ~it se ad alnod cilt et modo est in calumpnia (Kent) DB I 6ra. 13 to make a change to, alter. b (w. in, esp. pass., or dep. intr.) to convert, turn, transform (into). c to digest, process (food). d to translate. nunc juvat ymnidicam paulatim vertere musam. / nunc veneremur eos simplo modulamine sanctos Wulf. Brev. 318; ~it nomen ejus Ioachim Andr. S. Vict. Reg. 133; Godwinus hoc breve mutari jubet et ‥ regale ~it imperium Map NC V 4 f. 62v.  b vasa ‥ pedibus conculcata in terram ~erentur Bede HE III 22 p. 172; necessitatem in consuetudinem ~erat Ib. IV 23 p. 263; Protheus ‥ in omnium rerum formas se ~ere potuisse describitur Lib. Monstr. I 35; omnia que tetigerat in aurum ~ebat Ib. I 38; in escis carnalibus quedam sunt que digeruntur utiliter, quedam ~untur in crudos humores J. Sal. Pol. 659C; totus in contrarium ~itur Ailr. Spec. Car. II 26. 575A; nubilum in serenum ~at Ad. Scot QEC 820A; ex qua re magnus marescallus in indignationem versus ‥ exercitum ‥ congregavit M. Par. Maj. III 33; ecclesie sue gaudium ~ebat in luctu Flor. Hist. II 149 tit.; c1289 quinquaginta sadones terre ‥ debet extrahere, laborare, et in garegio ~ere RGasc II 472b.  c alia [animalia] ‥ dum cibos alios ~ere ex defectu caloris nequeunt, ad dentes eos revocant Adel. QN 7.  d c798 Malchus in latinam linguam ~itur rex vel regnaturus Alcuin Ep. 136 p. 208; grammaticam artem ad anglicam linguam ~endo Ælf. Gram. 1; tentabimus ‥ aliqua ‥ e greco in latinum ~ere Free Ep. 54. 14 (dep., intr., of coinage) to change. quando moneta ~ebantur, quisque monetarius dabat xx s. ad Lundoniam pro cuneis monetae accipiendis (Worcs) DB I 172ra; monetarii ‥ dabant regi xx s. unusquisque, et hoc fiebat moneta ~ente (Salop) DB I 252ra; TRE erant in civitate vij monetarij qui dabant vij libras regi et comiti extra firmam quando moneta ~ebatur (Chesh) DB I 262vb. 15 (vice versa or sim.) conversely. 676 ubi ‥ prior draco errorum ‥ serviebat, nunc versa vice ecclesiasticus ordo ‥ gaudiens tripudiet CS 43; letum leta dedit, dat male versa vicem L. Durh. Dial. I 108; 1166 jure optimo ‥ puniendum ‥ ut eo potissimum puniatur auctore quem ‥ Deo ‥ preferebat eique sit vice versa in penam quem habebat ‥ sue perversitatis auctorem J. Sal. Ep. 145 (168 p. 106).