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τέσσαρες

τέσσαρες, τέτταρες, τέτταρα, four

τέσσᾰρες, οἱ, αἱ, τέσσαρα, τά, gen. ων: dat. τέσσαρσι (ν) Th. 2.21, Act.Ap. 12.4, etc.; poet. τέτρᾰσι Hes. Fr. 188, Pi. O. 8.68, al., and in late Prose, as LXX Jd. 9.34, Str. 13.1.3, Hermog. Meth. 29, Alex.Aphr. in Top. 208.12, in Sens. 54.18, PSI 10.1126.9 (iii A.D.), v.l. in Act.Ap. 11.5 (cod. D), and in good codd. of Arist. IA 704a11, al., Theol.Ar. 19, etc.; also τέταρσι SIG 729.3 (Delph., i B.C.), PSI 9.1028.10 (i A.D.):—Att. τέττᾰρες, τέττᾰρα, dat. τέτταρσιν Isoc. 12.3; also τάρων (v. τάρες) for τεττάρων; Phocian dat. τεττάροις IG 9(1).32.78 (Stiris, ii B.C.):—Ion. and later Gr. τέσσερες, τέσσερα, SIG 57.25 (Milet., v B.C.), Schwyzer 289.120 (Rhodian, ii B.C.), etc. (dat. τέσσερσι Hdt. 6.41, τεσσέρασιν SIG 633.98 (Milet., ii B.C.)), but τέσσαρες in Hom., and Schwyzer 707 B 4 (Ephesus, vi B.C.), etc.: codd. of LXX have τέσσαρες (nom. and acc.), τεσσάρων, τέσσαρσι, but τέσσερα(ς), τεσσεράκοντα; since however τέσσερα (ς) and τεσσεράκοντα, apart from Ion., are not common in Papyri before ii A.D., the LXX autographs prob. had τέσσαρα (ς) and τεσσαράκοντα; the form τέσσερα (ς) is here due to avoidance by the copyists of the sequence ε-α-α:—Dor. τέτορες, τέτορα, Hes. Op. 698, Phoc. 3, Simon. 91, Epich. 149, SIG 240I 8 (Delph., iv B.C.), al., Theoc. 14.16:—Ep. (prob. Aeol.) πίσῠρες [ῐ] Od. 5.70, 16.249, A.R. 2.1110, Nic. Th. 182; acc. πίσῠρας Od. 22.111, Il. 15.680, al., Call. Dian. 105, IGRom. 4.360.26 (Pergam., ii A.D.); gen. πισύρων Dam. Isid. 290 (metrical?), prob. in Hsch.; dat. πισύρεσσι, πισύροισι, -ῃσι, -αις, Nonn. D. 16.119, 38.176, 236, 39.377, AP 14.7.4: Aeol. also πέσῠρες, neut. πέσῠρα Epigr.Gr. 988.6 (Balbilla); and πέσσῠρες, πέσσῠρα, Hsch.:—Boeot. πέττᾰρες, α (q.v.):—
  • four, Od. 9.335, etc.; διὰ τεττάρων the musical interval of the fourth, Damox. 2.55, etc.; τὰ τέσσαρα the four simple bodies of Empedocles, Plot. 6.2.2; the four kinds of quality or four Aristotelian senses of ποιόν, Id. 6.1.10; the four cardinal principles of Epicurus (cf. τετραφάρμακος), Phld. Herc. 1251.11. (Cf. Skt. catvā´ras (acc. catúras), Lat. quattuor, Lith. keturì, etc.: I.-E. qṷetṷor-.)

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