ἀμύνω

ἀμύνω [ῡ], Ep. impf. ἄμῡνον Il. 15.731: fut. ἀμῠνῶ, Ion. -ῠνέω Hdt. 9.60, 3pl. -εῦσι ib. 6: aor. 1 ἤμῡνα, Ep. ἄμυνα [ᾰμ] Il. 17.615: aor. 2, v. ἀμυνάθω:—Med., Ep. impf. ἀμυνόμην ib. 13.514: fut. ἀμυνοῦμαι: aor. 1 ἠμυνάμην: aor. 2, v. ἀμυνάθω:—Pass. rare (v. infr. C):—

• keep off, ward off, Hom., mostly in Il.—Construction:
• • • 1 c.acc. of the person or thing to be kept off, c. dat. pers. for or from whom danger averted, Δαναοῖσιν λοιγὸν ἄμυνον ward off ruin from the Danai, Il. 1.456, cf. 341, Od. 8.525:—dat. freq. omitted, ὃς λοιγὸν ἀμύνει Il. 5.603; ἄ. τὸν βάρβαρον Pl. Lg. 692e, cf. AB 79.
    • • bc. dat. only, defend, aid, succour, ἀ. ὤρεσσι, σοῖσιν ἔτῃσι, Il. 5.486, 6.262, cf. Od. 11.500, Hdt. 8.87, 9.6, etc.; τοιαῦτʼ ἀμύνεθʼ Ἡρακλεῖ such aid ye give to H., E. HF 219; ἀ. τῇ πόλει, τῷ δήμῳ, Ar. Eq. 577, 790; τῷ νόμῳ E. Or. 523, Th. 3.67:—with inf. added, τοῖς μὲν οὐκ ἠμύνατε σωθῆναι so that they might be saved, Th. 6.80.
    • 2 c. acc. et gen., Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν he kept the Trojans off from the ships, Il. 15.731, cf. 4.11, 12.402.
    • • b c. gen. only, ἀ. νηῶν defend the ships, ib. 13.109.
    • 3 abs., succour, χεῖρες ἀμύνειν hands to aid, ib. 814; ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι ib. 312; ὦ ξυνδικασταί . . ἀμύνατε help! Ar. V. 197; τὰ ἀμυνεῦντα means of defence, Hdt. 3.155: c. dat. modi, σθένει ἀ. defend with might, Il. 13.678.
    • 4 with Preps., once in Hom. with περί, ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο (cf. B.I.3) ib. 17.182; in Prose, ἀ. ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἑλλάδος Pl. Lg. 692d; ἀ. πρὸ πάντων Plb. 6.6.8.
  • II less freq. like B. II, requite, repay, ἔργʼ ἀμύνουσιν κακά S. Ph. 602; ἀμύνειν . . τοῖσδε τοῖς λόγοις τάδε Id. OC 1128.
• B Med., keep or ward off from oneself, guard or defend oneself against, freq. with collat. notion of requital, revenge:
• • • 1 c. acc. rei, ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Il. 13.514; ἀμύνεσθαι μόρον A. Ag. 1381; τὸ δυστυχὲς γὰρ ηὑγένειʼ ἀμύνεται E. Heracl. 303, cf. S. Fr. 1004.
    • • b c.acc. pers., ἀ. τὴν Δαρείου στρατιήν Hdt. 3.158; ἐκεῖνον ἠμύναντο S. Fr. 589.
    • 2 that from which danger is warded off in gen., as in Act. I.2, ἀμυνόμενοι σφῶν αὐτῶν Il. 12.155; νηῶν ἠμύνοντο ib. 179.
    • 3 with Preps., ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης ib. 243; περὶ τῶν οἰκείων Th. 2.39; ὑπέρ τινος X. Cyn. 9.9.
    • 4 abs., defend oneself, act in self-defence, ἀμύνεσθαι φίλον ἔστω Il. 16.556; ἢν συλλαμβανόμενος ἀμύνηται Hdt. 1.80, cf. 4.174, al.; ἀλλʼ ἀμύνου Ar. Eq. 244; τοῦ ἄρξαντος καὶ οὐ τοῦ ἀμυνομένου Antipho 4.4.8; οὐδʼ ἀμυνόμενος ἀλλʼ ὑπάρχων Isoc. 16.44, cf. Pl. Grg. 456e; κακῶς πάσχοντα ἀ. ἀντιδρῶντα κακῶς Pl. Cri. 49d; ἂν ᾖ χαρίεις, ἀ. εὖ δρῶν Arist. EN 1162b10.
  • II after Hom., ἀ. τινά avenge oneself on an enemy: hence, requite, repay, Ar. Nu. 1428, etc.: freq. c. dat. instr., ἔργοις πεπονθὼς ῥήμασίν σʼ ἀμύνομαι S. OC 873; ἀ. τινὰ σιδήρῳ Antipho 4.2.2; τοῖς ὁμοίοις, ἀρετῇ, Th. 1.42, 4.63; ὠμότητα ὠμότητι D.S. 14.53; ἀ. τινὰς ὑπέρ τινος to punish for a thing, Th. 5.69; good sense, Simon. 229; ἀ. ὁμοίως εὖ παθόντα, ὥσπερ κακῶς Socr. ap. Arist. Rh. 1398a25: abs., retaliate, c. dat. instr., ταῖς ναυσίν Th. 1.142; ἀ. ὧν ἔπαθον 1.96.
• C very rarely Pass., ἀμύνονται ἆται are warded off, Pi. P. 11.54; ἀμυνέσθω let him be driven away, Pl. Lg. 845c.

ἀμύνω, (entst. aus *ἀμύνjω ; vgl. μύνη, μύνομαι), abwehren ; Hom. oft, praes. act. u. med., imperf. act. u. med., aor. 1. act. u. med.; Il. 1.456 Δαναοῖσιν λοιγὸν ἄμυνον ; 9.435 ἀμύνειν νηυσὶ πῦρ ; 9.674 νήεσσιν ἀλεξέμεναι δήϊον πῦρ v.l. Scholl. ἀμυνέμεναι ; ohne accus. 6.262 ἀμύνων σοῖσιν ἔτῃσιν ; 14.71 ᾔδεα μὲν γὰρ ὅτε πρόφρων Δαναοῖσιν ἄμυνεν ; 4.11 αὐτοῦ κῆρας ἀμύνει ; 15.731 ἔγχεϊ δʼ αἰεὶ Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅς τις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ ; ohne accus. 13.109 ἀμυνέμεν νηῶν ; 16.522 ὁ δʼ οὐδʼ οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύνει, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἐλλείπει ἡ περί· ἔστι γὰρ οὐδὲ περὶ τοῦ οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύνει. οἱ δὲ ἀγνοήσαντες γράφουσιν ὁ δʼ οὐδʼ ᾧ παιδὶ ἀμύνει, Didym. Ἀρίσταρχος οὐδʼ οὗ παιδός, vgl. Didym. 18.171 ; 17.182 ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο ; Od. 17.538 ἀρὴν ἀπὸ οἴκου ἀμῦναι, viell. Tmesis, Il. 16.75 liest Bekker Δαναῶν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, nicht ἄπο, Scholl. Herodian. ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι : τὸ ἑξῆς ἐστιν ἀπαμῦναι· διὸ οὐκ ἀναστρεπτέον τὴν πρόθεσιν, u. 1.67 dativ. ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, Scholl. Herodian. τὸ ἑξῆς ἐστιν ἀπαμῦναι· διὸ φυλάττει τὸν ἴδιον τόνον ; nur accus. Il. 6.463 ἀμύνειν δούλιον ἦμαρ ; nur dat. instrum. 13.678 γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος ὤτρυνʼ Ἀργείους, πρὸς δὲ σθένει αὐτὸς ἄμυνεν ; ganz ohne cas. 13.814 χεῖρες ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἡμῖν, 312 νηυσὶ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃσιν ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι. Statt des med. steht homerisch das activ. Il. 22.84 ἄμυνε δὲ δήϊον ἄνδρα τείχεος ἐντὸς ἐών, μηδὲ πρόμος ἵστασο τούτῳ, Scholl. Aristonic. ἄμυνε ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀμύνου. Das Medium heißt = von sich abwehren, sich gegen etwas (Jem.) wehren, τινά, τί ; es steht homerisch fürs activ. Od. 12.114 τὴν δέ κʼ ἀμυναίμην, ὅτε μοι σίνοιτό γʼ ἑταίρους, auch 2.62 οὐ γὰρ ἔπʼ ἀνὴρ οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκεν, ἀρὴν ἀπὸ οἴκου ἀμῦναι. ἡμεῖς δʼ οὔ νύ τι τοῖοι ἀμυνέμεν· ἦ καὶ ἔπειτα λευγαλέοι τʼ ἐσόμεσθα καὶ οὐ δεδαηκότες ἀλκήν. ἦ τʼἂν ἀμυναίμην, εἴ μοι δύναμίς γε παρείη, wo außerdem die homerische Enallage des Modus zu beachten ist, ἀμυναίμην ἄν für ἠμυνάμην ἄν, εἰ παρῆν, »hätte ich die Kraft, so würde ich abgewehrt haben«. Mediale Bdtg z.B. Il. 16.556 νῦν σφῶιν ἀμύνεσθαι φίλον ἔστω, 622 ὅς κε σεῦ ἄντα ἔλθῃ ἀμυνόμενος, Od. 22.106 εἵως μοι ἀμύνεσθαι πάρʼ ὀϊστοί ; Il. 13.514 ἐν σταδίῃ μὲν ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ ; 12.243 ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης, 142 ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ νηῶν, 227 οὕς κεν Ἀχαιοὶ χαλκῷ δῃώσουσιν, ἀμυνόμενοι περὶ νηῶν ; 170 ἀλλὰ μένοντες ἄνδρας θηρητῆρας ἀμύνονται περὶ τέκνων, Scholl. Nicanor. τὸ ἄνδρας θηρητῆρας ἑκατέρωσε δύναται προσνέμεσθαι ; 179 ἀνάγκῃ νηῶν ἠμύνοντο ; 155 ἀμυνόμενοι σφῶντʼ αὐτῶν καὶ κλισιάων νηῶντʼ ὠκυπόρων, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι λείπει ἡ ὑπέρ πρόθεσις ; 9.531 αἰτωλοὶ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι Καλυδῶνος ἐραννῆς, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι λείπει ἡ περί ; περὶ Καλυδῶνος ; 16.561 καί τινʼ ἑταίρων αὐτοῦ ἀμυνομένων δαμασαίμεθα, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἀμφίβολον εἰ λείπει ἡ περί, ἵνʼ ᾖ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ἢ τοπικῶς ἐκληπτέον τὸ αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷδε τῷ τόπῳ. – Das activ. ἀπὸ μητρὸς λώβην Ap.Rh. 1.816 ; θυμοῦ βέλη ψυχᾶς des Zornes Geschosse von dem Geiste Soph. O.R. 888 ; Pind. λιμὸν γαστρί I. 1.49 ; nur dat. Her. 8.87, 9.6 ; φίλοις Ar. Eccl. 573, τῇ πόλει Eq. 575, τῷ δήμῳ 787 ; νόμῳ Eur. Or. 522 ; τέκνοις, πατρί, El. 679, 976, u. sonst ; Plat. Legg. IX.880b u. öfter ; τῇ χώρᾳ, neben ὑπὲρ τῆς χώρας μάχεσθαι, Xen. Cyr. 5.3.5 ; Ἀργείοις πρὸς τοὺς Καδμείους Plat. Men. 239b ; ὕβριν Pind. N. 1.50, 9.37 ; φροντίδα Aesch. Ag. 102 ; θῆρας Eur. Rhes. 787 ; πολεμίους Plat. Phaedr. 260b, χειμῶνα Prot. 321a, δουλείαν Legg. III.693a ; absolut, helfen, ἀμύνατε Ar. Vesp. 197 ; Eur. Heracl. 70 ; τὰ ἀμύνοντα Schutzwaffen Her. 3.155. – Das med. wird in Prosa immer häufiger, bei den Sp. das act. fast ganz verdrängt ; στρατιήν Her. 3.158 ; μόρον Aesch. Ag. 1359 ; πολεμίους Eur. Andr. 911 ; ἐρινῦς I.T. 299 ; häufig in attischer Prosa, teils von Feinden, πολεμίους Plat. Legg. VI.778e, Xen. Cyr. 5.4.21, τὸν πρότερον πολεμοῦντα Dem. 8.7, τοὺς βαρβάρους 14.10, teils von Beleidigern, wo es denn in die Bdtg »sich an Jemandem rächen, ihn strafen« übergeht, τὸν ἀδικοῦντα Xen. Cyr. 2.3.23 ; Pol. 2.6.9 ; τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας Dem. 21.76 ; Luc. setzt noch einen gen. hinzu, τινὰ ὧν ἔδρασε Mort. D. 13.6 ; übh. vergelten, Schol. ἀμείβεσθαί τινα τοῖς ὁμοίοις, Thuc. 1.42, Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten ; ohne cas., Widerstand leisten, sich verteidigen, Her. 1.80 ; ἐν χερσίν im Handgemenge Thuc. 4.96 ; χερσίν mit den Händen Plat. Legg. IX.880a ; πόλις ἔρημος ἀμυνομένων, von Verteidigern entblößt, Xen. Hell. 7.5.10 ; περὶ οἰκείων Thuc. 2.39 ; Rache nehmen ὑπέρ τινος Isocr. 4.184 ; Xen. Venat. 9.9 ; πρὸ πάντων Pol. 6.4.8. – Pass. ἀμυνέσθω Plat. Legg. VIII.845c.

ἀμύνω

3 sing. impf. ἄμυνε Il. 13.678, Il. 14.71, Il. 15.731.

3 sing. aor. ἤμυνε Il. 9.599, Il. 13.783. ἄμυνε Il. 4.129, Il. 5.662, Il. 12.402, Il. 17.615.

3 sing. opt. ἀμύναι Il. 12.334, Il. 15.736.

Imp. ἄμυνον Il. 1.456, Il. 15.375: Od. 22.208.

Infin. ἀμῦναι Il. 1.67, Il. 9.576, Il. 16.75, Il. 24.489, etc.: Od. 2.59, Od. 17.538.

Aor. opt. mid. ἀμυναίμην Od. 2.62, Od. 12.114. (ἀπ-, ἐπ-, προσ-.)

• • 1

    To ward off, keep off, avert: λοιγόν Il. 5.603, 662, Il. 18.450, Il. 20.98. Il. 24.489. Cf. Il. 6.463, Il. 9.599, Il. 13.783, Il. 15.375, Il. 17.615: ἀρήν Od. 2.59 = Od. 17.538, Od. 22.208, μνηστῆρας Od. 24.380.

    To defend oneself against, fight with: δήϊον ἄνδρα Il. 22.84.

    With dat. of person or thing protected: ἡμῖν λοιγόν Il. 1.67. Cf. Il. 1.341, 398, 456, Il. 4.129, Il. 9.435, 495, Il. 11.277, 588, Il. 12.334, Il. 13.426, Il. 15.736, Il. 16.32, 512, 835, Il. 17.511, Il. 18.129, Il. 20.124: ἄστεϊ νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Od. 8.525.

    With genit. : κῆρας παιδός Il. 12.402. Cf. Il. 4.11, Il. 15.731, Il. 16.75, 80.

  • 2

    To defend, protect, succour, fight for, come to the rescue of.

    With dat.: ὤρεσσιν Il. 5.486, σοῖσιν ἔτῃσιν Il. 6.262. Cf. Il. 9.518, 602, Il. 11.674, Il. 13.464, 481, Il. 14.71, 362, 369, Il. 15.73, 255, 492 (supplying αὐτοῖς), 688, Il. 16.265, Il. 17.273, 563, 703, Il. 21.215, 231, 414: Ἀργείοισιν Od. 11.500, 518. Cf. Od. 16.257, Od. 21.195, 197, Od. 22.214.

    With genit.: οὗ παιδός Il. 16.522. Cf. Il. 13.109.

  • 3

    Absol. to play the defender, fight, show fight: ἐξελθεῖν καὶ ἀμῦναι Il. 9.576. Cf. Il. 13.312, 678, 814, Il. 17.182: οὐ τοῖοι ἀμυνέμεν Od. 2.60.

  • 4

    In mid.

  • • a

      To ward or keep off from oneself: ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Il. 11.484, Il. 13.514. Cf. Il. 17.510.

      Sim. ἄνδρας θηρητῆρας ἀμύνονται πεπρὶ τέκνων Il. 12.170.

      To defend oneself against, fight with: σκύλλην Od. 12.114.

    • b

      To defend, protect, fight for.

      With genit.: Καλυδῶνος Il. 9.531. Cf. Il. 12.155, 179, Il. 16.561.

      With ablative: ναῦφιν Il. 13.700.

    • c

      Absol., to play the defender, fight: περὶ νηῶν Il. 12.142. Cf. Il. 12.227, 243, Il. 15.496, Il. 16.556, 622, Il. 18.173, Il. 24.500: ἧός μοι ἀμύνεσθαι πάρʼ ὀϊστοί Od. 22.106. Cf. Od. 2.62, Od. 22.116.

ἀ˘μῡνω (ἀμύνων; -ειν: impf. ἄμυνεν: med. ἀμύνεται: pass. ἀμύνονται)

• 1ward off, repulse τι (ἀπό τινος, πρό τινος) καὶ γὰρ αὐτὰ ὀρούσαισʼ ἀπὸ στρωμνᾶς ὅμως μυνεν ὕβριν κνωδάλων N. 1.50 ἐν πολέμῳ κείνα θεὸς ἔντυεν αὐτοῦ θυμὸν αἰχματὰν ἀμύνειν λοιγὸν Ἐνυαλίου N. 9.37 γαστρὶ δὲ πᾶς τις ἀμύνων λιμὸν αἰανῆ τέταται I. 1.49 ὅστις ἐν ταύτᾳ νεφέλᾳ χάλαζαν αἵματος πρὸ φίλας πάτρας ἀμύνεται λοιγὸν ἀμύνων ἐναντίῳ στρατῷ (λοιγὸν ἀμφιβαλὼν coni. A. W. Mair.) I. 7.27 pass., φθονεροὶ δʼ ἀμύνονται ἄτᾳ (byz.: ἀμύνοντʼ ἄτᾳ, ἄτα codd.: ἆται Hermann: ἄτᾳ expungens <ἀλλ> supp. Boeckh: <τᾶν> Thiersch: med. aut pass. interpr. Σ, edd.: τῇ ἑαυτῶν ἄτῃ καὶ βασκανίᾳ ἀμύνονται καὶ βλάπτονται. Σ.: “Die Neider werden durch Schaden ferngehalten.” Thummer) P. 11.54

ἀμύνω , inf. ἀμῡνέμεν, -έμεναι, aor. ἤμῡνε, ἄμῡνε, opt. ἀμύναι, inf. ἀμῡναι, imp. ἄμῡνον, mid. ipf. ἀμύνετο, ἠμύνοντο, aor. opt. ἀμῡναίμην: I. act., ward off, defend; abs., τινί, Il. 5.486; freq. τινί τι (dat. of interest, though we say ‘from’), less often τινός τι, Il. 4.11; also merely τί, and τινός, ἀπό or περί τινος, of the person or thing defended, Il. 13.109, Od. 2.59, Il. 17.182.—II. mid., ward off from oneself, defend oneself or what is oneʼs own, with the same constructions as the act.; εἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος, ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης, ‘to fight in defence of our country,’ Il. 12.243.

ἀμύνω From Root !μυν, with α prefixed, cf. Lat. munio, moenia.

• • Ito keep off, ward off, Hom.:
  • • 1c. acc. of the person or thing to be kept off, c. dat. of pers. for or from whom the danger is kept off, Δαναοῖσιν λοιγὸν ἀμύνειν to ward off ruin from the Danai, Il.:— the dat. is often omitted, λοιγὸν ἀμύνει Il.
    • 2c. dat. pers. to defend, assist, aid, succour, Hom., etc.
    • 3c. gen. from whom danger is kept off, Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν he kept the Trojans off from the ships, Il., etc.
    • 4absol. to repel assaults, to aid, Il.; τὰ ἀμύνοντα means of defence, Hdt.
  • IIrarely c. acc., like Mid. ΙΙ, to requite, repay, Soph.
• BMid. to ward off from oneself, defend oneself against:
• • • 1c. acc., Il.
    • 2c. gen. of that from which danger is warded off, to fight for or in defence of, Il.: so, ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης Il.; ὑπέρ τινος Xen.
  • IIabsol. to defend oneself, Il.
  • IIIἀμύνεσθαί τινα also to avenge oneself on an enemy, to requite, repay, punish, Soph., Thuc., etc.; also, ἀμύνεσθαί τινά τινος or ὑπέρ τινος to punish for a thing, Thuc.