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ὑπερβολή

ὑπερβολή, superiority, excess, pre-eminence

ὑπερβολ-ή, ἡ, (ὑπερβάλλω)
  • a throwing beyond others, δίσκων ὑπερβολαῖς Philostr. Im. 2.19: in intr. sense, altitude of a star, Arist. Mete. 342b32.
      • 2 overshooting, superiority, χερῶν ὑπερβολαῖς E. Fr. 434; στρατιᾶς Th. 6.31.
      • 3 excess, τοῦ μεγέθεος Archyt. 1; opp. ἔλλειψις or ἔνδεια, Pl. Prt. 356a, 357a, 357b; θερμασίης Hp. Vict. 2.65; ὑ. δισσὴ . ., τῷ ποσῷ καὶ τῷ ποιῷ Arist. PA 668b14; ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ἔχειν c. acc. et inf., And. 3.33, etc.: hence in various phrases, χρημάτων ὑπερβολῇ . . πρίασθαι at an extravagant price, E. Med. 232; ἐπέφερον τὴν ὑ. τοῦ καινοῦσθαι pushed on their extravagance in revolutionizing, Th. 3.82; οὐκ ἔχον ἐστὶν ὑπερβολήν it can go no further, D. 21.119, cf. 25.54; ἃ μηδὲ πιθανὰς τὰς ὑ. ἔχει Men. Her. 62; so οὐδεμίαν or μηδεμίαν ὑ. λείπειν, Isoc. 4.5,110, cf. D. 3.25; οὐδεμίαν ὑ. καταλείπων φιλοτιμίας SIG 545.13 (Delph., iii B. C.); εἴ τις ὑ. τούτου if there is aught beyond (worse than) this, D. 19.66, cf. Isoc. 5.42; ταῦτʼ οὐχ ὑ.; is not this the extreme, the last degree? D. 27.38; ὑπερβολὴν ποιήσομαι I will put an extreme case, Id. 19.332; τοσαύτην ὑ. ποιεῖσθαι ὥστε . . to go so far that . ., Id. 18.190: folld. by a gen., ὑ. ποιεῖσθαι ἐκείνων τῆς αὑτοῦ βδελυρίας to carry his own rascality beyond theirs, Id. 22.52, cf. 23.201, And. 4.22, Lys. 14.38; ὑ. ποιεῖν τῆς τιμῆς to raise the price, Arist. Pol. 1259a26; εἰς ὑ. εὐδαιμονίας ἥκειν Isoc. 11.14; τοσαύτας ὑ. δωρειῶν παρέσχηται D. 20.141; ὑ. ἀνοίας ἔχειν Polystr. p.27 W.
      • 4 with Prep. in Adverbial phrases, = ὑπερβαλλόντως, εἰς ὑπερβολήν in excess, exceedingly; εἰς ὑ. ἄμεινον E. Fr. 494; ἀγαθὸς εἰς ὑ. Antiph. 80.11; ἐς ὑ. ἐκθερμαίνεσθαι Hp. Vict. 2.65: c. gen., κτήσαιτʼ ἂν ὄλβον εἰς ὑ. πατρός E. Fr. 282.6 (v.l. εἰς ὑπεκτροφὴν πάτρας); far beyond, τοῦ πρόσθεν εἰς ὑ. πανοῦργος, i.e. far more wicked, Id. Hipp. 939, cf. D. 61.33; ἀναλίσκειν πάντα εἰς ὑπερβολάς Pl. Ep. 326d:—ἐξ ὑπερβολῆς Plb. 8.15.8:—καθʼ ὑπερβολὰν τοξεύσας with surpassing aim, S. OT 1196 (lyr.); καθʼ ὑ. ἐπαινεῖν extravagantly, Isoc. 5.11; οἱ καθʼ ὑ. ἐν ἐνδείᾳ ὄντες in extremity of need, Arist. Pol. 1295b18; αἱ καθʼ ὑ. ἡδοναί Id. EN 1151a12; τὸ καθʼ ὑ. τραχύ Phld. Po.Herc. 994.35; καθʼ ὑ. ἁμαρτωλός Ep.Rom. 7.13: c. gen., καθʼ ὑ. φιλοδοξίας OGI 472.9 (Didyma, i A. D.):—so in dat., εὐτελὴς ὑπερβολῇ Men. 615; παχεῖʼ ὑ. Philem. 41; ὑ. ἀγαθός Arist. HA 625a29, etc.
      • 5 preeminence, perfection, without any notion of excess, διʼ ἀρετῆς ὑπερβολήν Id. EN 1145a24, cf. Rh. 1367b1, Pol. 1284a4; ἡ ὑ. τῆς φιλίας the best and noblest kind of friendship, Id. EN 1166b1; but ἡ καθʼ ὑ. φιλία, = ἡ καθʼ ὑπεροχήν, Id. EE 1238b18.
      • 6 overstrained phrase, hyperbole, ὑπερβολὰς εἰπεῖν Isoc. 4.88; οἱ πρὸς ὑπερβολὴν πεπονημένοι λόγοι ib. 11; ὑπερβολὰς εἰπεῖν make strong statements, Id. 3.35, D. 27.64; as a figure of speech, Arist. Rh. 1413a29, Demetr. Eloc. 52, Str. 3.2.9; πρὸς -ὴν εἰρημένος Id. 1.2.33.
      • 7 τὸ καθʼ ὑπερβολήν the superlative degree, in Adjectives, Arist. Top. 134b24; τιθέναι ὑπερβολῇ ib. 139a9; καθʼ ὑ. εἰπεῖν Id. Cael. 281a16.
      • 8 overbid at auction, PPetr. 2 p.44 (iii B. C.).
    • II crossing over, passage of mountains, etc., X. An. 1.2.25, Plb. 3.34.6, etc.
      • 2 in sg. or pl., place of passage, mountain-pass, with or without τοῦ ὄρους, τῶν ὀρέων, X. An. 3.5.18, 4.1.21, 4.4.18; ὑ. τοῦ Ταύρου Wilcken Chr. 1 ii 14 (iii B. C.); αἱ τῶν Ἄλπεων ὑ. Plb. 3.39.10; αἱ Ἄλπιαι ὑ. Str. 7.1.5; ἡ κατὰ τὸν Αἷμον ὑ. D.S. 19.73.
    • III (from Med.) delay, τοῦ κακοῦ Hdt. 8.112, cf. Decr. ap. D. 18.29, Plb. 14.9.8; [τῆς κρίσεως] ὑ. λαβούσης PEnteux. 65.3 (iii B. C.).
    • IV the conic section called hyperbola, because the square of the ordinate is equal to a rectangle with height equal to the abscissa applied to the parameter (as base) but exceeding (ὑπερβάλλον), i. e. overlapping, that base, Apollon.Perg. Con. 1.12, Procl. in Euc. p.419 F.

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