Artemidorus

(Ἀρτεμίδωρος).

1. Surnamed Aristophanius, and also Pseudo-Aristophanius, from his being a disciple of the celebrated grammarian Aristophanes, of Byzantium at Alexandria. Artemidorus himself was, therefore, a contemporary of Aristarchus, and likewise a grammarian. Works περὶ Δωρίδος and γλῶσσαι ὀψαρτυτικαί

He is mentioned by Athenaeus (iv. p. 182) as the author of a work περὶ Δωρίδος, the nature of which is not clear, and of λέξεις or γλῶσσαι ὀψαρτυτικαί, that is, a dictionary of technical terms and expressions used in the art of cookery. (Athen. 1.5, ix. p. 387, xiv. pp. (662, 663 ; Suidas, s. vv., Ἀρτεμίδωρος and Τιμαχίδας; Erotian in Λάσιον.) Epigram

Some MSS. of Theocritus contain, under the name of Artemidorus, an epigram of two lines on the collection of bucolic poems, which perhaps belongs to our grammarian. (Theocrit. p. 806, ed. Kiessling; Anthol. Graec. ix. n. 205.)

2. Of Ascalon, wrote a history of Bithynia, and is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v. Ἀσκαλών) as one of the distinguished persons of that place.

3. Of Cnidus, a son of Theopompus, and a friend of Julius Caesar (Strab. xiv. p.656), was a rhetorician, and taught the Greek language at Rome. At the time when the plot was formed against the life of Caesar, B. C. 43, Artemidorus, who had heard of it, cautioned Caesar by a letter, and urged him to take care of himself; but the warning was not heeded. (Plut. Caes. 65; Zonaras, vol. i. p. 491, ed. Paris.)

4. Daldinus, was a native of Ephesus, but is usually called Daldianus (Δαλδιανός), to distinguish him from the geographer Artemidorus (Lucian, Philopatr. 22), since his mother was born at Daldia or Daldis, a small town in Lydia. Artemidorus himself also preferred the surname of Daldianus (Oneirocr. 3.66), which seems to have been a matter of pride with him, as the Daldian Apollo Mystes gave him the especial commission to write a work on dreams. (Oncirocr. 2.70.) He lived at Rome in the reign of Antoninus Pius and M. Aurelius, as we may infer from several passages of his work (1.28, 66, 4.1), though some writers have placed him in the reign of Constantine, and others identify him with the friend of Pliny the younger, and son-in-law of Musonius. (Plin. Ep. 3.11.) But the passages of Artemidorus's own work cited above, place the question beyond all doubt. Works On the Interpretation of Dreams (Ὀνειροκριτικά)

Artemidorus is the author of a work on the interpretation of dreams (Ὀνειροκριτικά), in five books, which is still extant. He collected the materials for this work by very extensive reading (he asserts that he had read all the books on the subject), on his travels through Asia, Greece, Italy, and the Grecian islands. (Oneir. Prooem. lib. i.) He himself intimates that he had written several works, and from Suidas and Eudocia we may infer, that one was called οἰωνοσκοπικά, and the other χειροσκοπικά. Along with his occupations on these subjects, he also practised as a physician. From his work on dreams, it is clear that he was acquainted with. the principal productions of more ancient writers on the subject, and his object is to prove, that in dreams the future is revealed to man, and to clear the science of interpreting them from the abuses with which the fashion of the time had surrounded it. He does not attempt to establish his opinion by philosophical reasoning, but by appealing to facts partly recorded in history, partly derived from oral tradition of the people, and partly from his own experience. On the last point he places great reliance, especially as he believed that he was called to his task by Apollo. (2.70.) This makes him conceited, and raises him above all fear of censure.

The first two books are dedicated to Cassius Maximus. The third and fourth are inscribed to his son. The fifth book is, properly speaking, an independent work, the title of which is περὶ ὀνείρων ἀναβάσεων, and which contains a collection of interesting dreams, which were believed to have been realized.

The style of the work is simple, correct, and elegant; and this. together with the circumstance that Artemidorus has often occasion to allude to or explain ancient manners and usages, give to it a peculiar value. The work has also great interest, because it shews us in what manner the ancients symbolized and interpreted certain events of ordinary life, which, when well understood, throws light on various points of ancient mythology. Editions

The first edition of the Oneirocritica is that of Aldus, Venice, 1518, 8vo.; the next is that of Rigaltius (Paris, 1603, 4to.), which contains a valuable commentary; however, it goes down only to the 68th chapter of the second book. The last edition is that of J. G. Reiff, Leipzig, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. It contains the notes of Rigaltius, and some by Reiske and the editor.

5. A Megaric philosopher, who, according to Diogenes Laertius (9.53), wrote a work against Chrysippus.

6. Of Ephesus, a Greek geographer, who lived about B. C. 100. He made voyages round the coasts of the Mediterranean, in the Red Sea, and apparently even in the southern ocean. He also visited Iberia and Gaul, and corrected the accounts of Eratosthenes respecting those countries. Works Geography

We know that in his description of Asia he stated the distances of places from one another, and that the countries beyond the river Tanais were unknown to him. The work in which he gave the results of his investigations, is called by Marcianus of Heracleia, a περίπλους, and seems to be the same as the one more commonly called called τὰ γεωγραφούμενα, or τὰ τῆς γεωγραφίας Βιβλία. It consisted of eleven books, of which Marcianus afterwards made an abridgement. The original work, which was highly valued by the ancients, and is quoted in innumerable passages by Strabo, Stephanus of Byzantium, Pliny, Isidorus, and others, is lost ; but we possess many small fragments and some larger ones of Marcianus' abridgement, which contain the periplus of the Pontus Euxeinus, and accounts of Bithynia and Paphlagonia. The loss of this important work is to be regretted, not only on account of the geographical information which it contained, but also because the author entered into the description of the manners and costumes of the nations he spoke of. Editions

The fragments of Artemidorus were first collected and published by D. Höschel in his Geographica, Aug. Vindel. 1600, 4to. The best collection is that in Hudson's Geographi Minores, vol. i. Two small fragments, not contained in Hudson, have been published by Van Goens in his edition of Porphyrius's Antrum Nympharum, p. 87, and a third, containing a description of the Nile is printed in Aretin's Beilträge zur Gesch. und Lit. vol. ii. p. 49, &c. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 185, with the notes of Westermann.) Ἰωνικὰ ὑπομνήματα

Athenaeus (iii. p. 111) ascribes to this Artemidorus a work entitled Ἰωνικὰ ὑπομνήματα. Further Information

Comp. Ukert, Geogr. der Griech. u. Röm. 1.2, p. 141, &c., 250.

7. A son-in-law of Musonius, the philosopher, was himself likewise a philosopher, and a friend of Pliny the younger, one of whose letters (3.11) is full of his praise.

8. Of Parion, an astronomer, whose views of his science are recorded by Seneca. (Quaest. Nat. 1.4, 7.13.)

9. Of Tarsus, a grammarian, whom Strabo (xiv. p.675) mentions as one of the distinguished persons of that place. It is not impossible that he may be the same as the one to whose grammatical or lexicographical works reference is made by the Scholiast on Aristophanes (Aristoph. Wasps 1139, 1164, 1231; Comp. Phot. s. v. τευτάζειν; Etym. M. s. vv. ἀρισκύδης and ἁρμῷ), though the work or works here referred to may also belong to No. 1.

10. Of Tralles, a celebrated pugilist, who lived about A. D. 69. (Paus. 6.14.1; Martial, 6.77.)

11. The author of elegies on love. (Περὶ ἔρωτος, Eratosth. Catast. 31.) There are many more persons of the name of Artemidorus who are mentioned in ancient writers; but as nothing is known about them, we refer to the list in Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. v. p. 263), to which some supplements are given by Van Goens. (l.c.) [L.S]

(Ἀρτεμίδωρος).

1. A Greek physician, quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. 2.31, 3.14, 15, pp. 146, 224, 227), who was a native of Side in Pamphylia, and a follower of Erasistratus. He must have lived some time between the third century B. C. and the second century after Christ. He may perhaps be the person quoted by Galen without any distinguishing epithet (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, 5.3, vol. xii. p. 828), but he is probably not the same person as the Artemidorus οἰωνιστής who is mentioned by the same author. (Comment. in Hippocr. "De Rat. Vict. in Morb. Ac." 1.15. vol. xv. p. 444.)

2. Artemidorus Capito (Ἀρτεμίδωρος ὁ Καπίτων), a Greek physician and grammarian at Rome, in the reign of the emperor Hadrian, A. D. 117-138. He was a relation of Dioscorides, who also edited the works of Hippocrates, and he is frequently mentioned by Galen. (Comment. in Hippocr. "De Humor." vol. xvi. p. 2; Gloss. Hippocr. vol. xix. p. 83, &c.) He may perhaps be the person sometimes quoted simply by the name of Capito. [Capito.] Works An Edition of the Works of Hippocrates

He published an edition of the works of Hippocrates, which Galen tells us (Comment. in Hippocr. " De Nat. Hom." vol. xv. p. 21) was not only much valued by the emperor himself, but was also much esteemed even in Galen's time. He is, however, accused of making considerable changes in the text, and of altering the old readings and modernizing the language.

3. Artemidorus Cornelius, a physician, who was born at Perga in Pamphylia, or, according to some editions of Cicero, at Pergamus in Mysia. He was one of the unprincipled agents of Verres, whom he first assisted in his robbery of the temple of Diana at Perga, when he was legatus to Cn. Dolabella in Cilicia, B. C. 79 (Cic. 2 Verr. 1.20, 3.21); and afterwards attended him in Sicily during his praetorship, B. C. 72-69, where, among other infamous acts, he was one of the judges (recuperatores) in the case of Nympho. His original name appears to have been Artemidorus; he was probably at first a slave, and afterwards, on being freed by his master, (perhaps Cn. Cornelius Dolabella,) took the name of Cornelius. Cicero calls him in one place " Cornelius medicus" (2 Verr. 3.11), in another " Artemidorus Pergaeus" (100.21), and in a third " Artemidorus Cornelius" (100.49); but it is plain that in each passage he refers to the same individual, though Ernesti has in his Index Historicus considered them as three different persons. [W.A.G]

a painter. who lived at the close of the first century after Christ. (Martial, 5.40.) [C.P.M]

(Ἀρτεμίδωρος). (1) The Geographer, a native of Ephesus, who travelled about B.C. 100 through the countries bordering on the Mediterranean and part of the Atlantic coast, and wrote a long work on his researches, the Γεωγραφούμενα, in eleven books, as well as an abstract of the same. Of both works, which were much consulted by later geographers, we have only fragments.

(2) The Dream-interpreter, born at Ephesus at the beginning of the second century A.D., surnamed “the Daldian,” from his mother's birthplace, Daldis in Lydia, wrote a work on the interpretation of dreams, the Ὀνειροκριτικά, in four books. He had gathered his materials from the works of earlier authors and by oral inquiries during his travels in Asia, Italy, and Greece. The book is an acute exposition of the theory of interpreting dreams, and its practical application to examples systematically arranged according to the several stages of human life. An appendix, counted as a fifth book, gives a collection of dreams that have come true. For the light thrown on the mental condition of antiquity, especially in the second century A.D., and for many items of information on religious rites and myths relating to dreams, these writings are of value. See Reichardt, De Artemidoro Daldiano (1893).

• Olympic victor: Paus. 6.14.2ff.