Gallus

Gallus , ī, m.: a Gaul, 6.858; Gallī, ōrum, m., the Gauls, 8.656.

Gallus, i, m.,

• a Gaul; and adj. Gallic; v. Galli, I. and II. D.

Gallus, i, m., = Γάλλος Strab.,

• a tributary of the Sagaris of Phrygia and Bithynia, whose water, according to the fable, made those who drank it mad, now Kadsha Su or Gökssu, Ov. F. 4, 364; Plin. 5, 32, 42, § 147; 6, 1, 1, § 4; 31, 2, 5, § 9; Claud. ap. Ruf. 2, 263.—
• II Derivv.
• • A Galli, ōrum, m., the priests of Cybele, so called because of their raving, Ov. F. 4, 361 sq.; Plin. 5, 32, 42, § 146; 11, 49, 109, § 261; 35, 12, 46, § 165; Paul. ex Fest. p. 95 Müll.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 121.—In sing.: Gallus, i, m., a priest of Cybele, Mart. 3, 81; 11, 74; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 2: resupinati cessantia tympana Galli, Juv. 8, 176.—And satirically (on account of their emasculated condition), in the fem.: Gallae, ārum, Cat. 63, 12, and 34.—
  • B Gallĭcus, a, um, adj.
  • • 1 Of or belonging to the river Gallus, poet. i. q. Phrygian, Trojan: miles, Prop. 2, 13, 48 (3, 5, 32 M.).—
    • 2 (Acc. to II. A., of or belonging to the priests of Cybele; hence, transf.) Of or belonging to the priests of Isis, Gallic: turma, the troop of the priests of Isis, Ov. Am. 2, 13, 18.

Gallus, i, m.,

• a Roman surname in the gens Cornelia, Aquilia, Sulpicia, etc. So in partic. C. Cornelius Gallus, of Forum Julii, a Roman poet, a friend of Virgil, Verg. E. 10; Ov. Am. 3, 9, 64; Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 5.

2. Gallus, Gallier, gallisch, s. 1. Gallī.

3. Gallus, ī, m. (Γάλλος), I) ein Fluß in Phrygien, der bei der Stadt Modra entspringt u. sich in Bithynien mit dem Sangarios vereinigt, j. Kadshasu, Plin. 5, 147. Ov. fast. 4, 364. – Dav. Gallicus, a, um, gallisch, poet. = phrygisch, trojanisch, miles, Prop. 2, 13, 48 zw. – II) (davon benannt) Gallī, ōrum, m., Priester der Cybele, die sich selbst zu entmannen pflegten, die Galli, Liv. 37, 9, 9. Ov. fast. 4, 361: dafür schrzh. Gallae, ārum, bei Catull. 63, 12 u. 34: Sing. Gallus, ī, m., Cornif. rhet. 4, 62. Suet. Aug. 68. Mart. 11, 74, 2: – Dav. Gallicus, a, um, gallisch, turma, d.i. (übtr.) Priester der Isis (weil ihr Gottesdienst dem der Cybele glich), Ov. am. 2, 13, 18.

4. Gallus, ī, m., als Beiname mehrerer röm. Geschlechter, aus denen am bekanntesten: Cornelius Gallus, ein Dichter, Redner u. Freund Vergils, endete durch Selbstmord, Asin. Poll. in Cic. ep. 10, 32 extr. Verg. ecl. 5, 64 u. 10, 3. Ov. am. 3, 9, 64. Quint. 10, 1, 93. Suet. Aug. 66, 1. Amm. 17, 4, 5. Vgl. Becker Gallus³ 1, 16 ff. W. Teuffel Gesch. der röm. Literat.⁶ § 232.

3 Gallus [CL] , inhabitant of Gaul, Frank, Frenchman. pervenit ad ~os usque et ibi condidit civitatem Turonorum Nen. HB 152; Franci ‥ multi, Frisones, ~i, ‥ pagani, Britones ‥ se suo dominio subdiderant Asser Alf. 76; quaque sub argutis congesserat optima Gallis Frith. 218; Dani ‥ ~is Saxonibusque viciniores existere videntur Ælnoth Cnut 8; ~i ‥ impetum fecerunt ‥ in Troas et ‥ ipsos castra ingredi coegerunt G. Mon. I 15; quum quidam ‥ exprobrando diceret B. Hylario “tu es ~us”, respondit “ego ~us non sum, sed de Gallia natus, et tu es Leo, sed non de tribu Juda” R. Niger Chr. II 125; s1312 natus est ‥ magnificus ~orum triumfator, Scotorum consternator ‥ tercius Edwardus Baker 100; s1344 procedebant contra ~os. ‥ talem Deus contulit expedicionem ut contra ‥ Francigenas semper prevaluerunt Ad. Mur. Chr. app. 243; illud [fortalicium] combusserunt per medium ubi erat major fortitudo ~orum, ipsosque ~os ‥ debellarunt G. Hen. V 7; postquam ~i, duce Wilhelmo Anglie conquestore, Anglie terram illam optinuerunt ‥ Fortescue LLA 48; 1513 fortassis ipse in fide ‥ permanserit nisi ~i ‥ quasi ex insidiis bellum sibi ‥ exitiale mox futurum in nos movere coegissent Mon. Hib. & Scot. 512a.

4 Gallus [CL = castrated priest of Cybele] , eunuch. ~us, i. spado, belisnud GlP 398.

2 Gallus, ī, m. , Galle, v. Galli 1.

3 Gallus, (9) ī, m. , Gaulois : Cæs. G. 3, 18, 1 ; v. Galli 2.

4 Gallus, (14) ī, m. , surnom de plus. familles (Cornelia, Sulpicia, etc.) ; not^t Cornélius Gallus, ami de Virgile : Virg. B. 10.

5 Gallus, ī, m. , fleuve de Galatie : Plin. 5, 147 || fleuve de Phrygie : Plin. 31, 9.

Gallus (2) adj.,

• of Gaul, Gallic, Cs.—As substm., a Gaul, Cs.—Plur, the Gauls, Cs., C., L.

GALLUS

GALLUS(Γάλλος: Lefke), a small river of Bithynia, having its sources near Modra in the north of Phrygia, and emptying itself into the Sangarius a little more than 300 stadia from Nicomedeia, (Strab. 12. p. 543.) Ammianus Marcellinus describes its course as very winding (26.8). Martianus Capella (6.687, ed. Kopp) confounds this river with another of the same name in Galatia, which seems likewise to have been a tributary of the Sangarius, and on the banks of which Pessinus is said to have been situated, From the river Gallus in Galatia the Galli, or priests of Cybele, were said by some to have derived their name, because its water made those who drank of it mad. (Steph. B. s. v.;Plin. Nat. 5.42, 6.1, 31.5; Herodian, 1.11; Ov. Fast. 4.364.)

[L.S]

Gallus

(1) (Γάλλος). A river in Galatia, falling into the Sangarius, near Pessinus. From it the priests of Cybelé are said to have obtained their name of Galli. See Galli; Rhea.

(2) Sulpicius. A distinguished orator, was praetor B.C. 169, and consul 166, when he fought against the Ligurians. In 168 he served as tribune of the soldiers under Aemilius Paulus in Macedonia, and during this campaign predicted an eclipse of the moon.

(3) C. Cornelius, was born at Forum Iulii (Fréjus) in Gaul, of poor parents, about B.C. 66. He went to Italy at an early age, and began his career as a poet when he was about twenty years of age. He had already attained considerable distinction at the time of Caesar's death, 44; and upon the arrival of Octavianus in Italy after that event, Gallus embraced his party, and soon acquired great influence with him. In 41 he was one of the triumvirs appointed by Octavianus to distribute lands in the north of Italy among his veterans, and on that occasion he afforded protection to the inhabitants of Mantua and to Vergil. He afterwards accompanied Octavianus to the battle of Actium, 31, and commanded a detachment of the army. After the battle, Gallus was sent with the army to Egypt, in pursuit of Antony; and when Egypt was made a Roman province, Octavianus appointed Gallus the first prefect of the province. He remained in Egypt for nearly four years; but he incurred at length the enmity of Octavianus, though the exact nature of his offence is uncertain. According to some accounts he spoke of the emperor in an offensive and insulting manner; he erected numerous statues of himself in Egypt, and had his own exploits inscribed on the pyramids. The Senate deprived him of his estates, and sent him into exile; whereupon he put an end to his life by falling upon his own sword, B.C. 27. The intimate friendship existing between Gallus and the most eminent men of the time, as Asinius Pollio, Vergil, Varus, and Ovid, and the high praise they bestow upon him, prove that he was a man of great intellectual powers and acquirements. Ovid (Trist. iv. 10. 5) assigns to him the first place among the Roman elegiac poets; and we know that he wrote a collection of elegies in four books, the principal subject of which was his love of Lycoris. (See Vergil's Tenth Eclogue.) But all his productions have perished; for the four epigrams in the Latin Anthology attributed to Gallus could not have been written by a contemporary of Augustus. Gallus translated into Latin the poems of Euphorion of Chalcis, but this translation is also lost. Some critics attributed to him the poem Ciris, usually printed among the works of Vergil. See Völker, De C. Galli Vita et Scriptis, pt. i. (Bonn, 1840), pt. ii. (Elberfeld, 1844); NicolasA. , De la Vie et des Ouvrages de C. Gallus (Paris, 1851). His story is made the basis of the well-known work of W. Becker on Roman antiquities. See Becker.

(4) Treboniānus. A Roman emperor, who reigned A.D. 251-254. His full name was C. Vibius Treboniānus Gallus . He served under Decius in the campaign against the Goths, 251, and is said to have contributed by his treachery to the disastrous issue of the battle, which proved fatal to Decius and his son Herennius. Gallus was thereupon elected emperor, and Hostilianus, the surviving son of Decius, was nominated as his colleague. He purchased a peace of the Goths by allowing them to retain their plunder, and promising them a fixed annual tribute. In 253, the Goths again invaded the Roman Empire, but they were driven back by Aemilianus, whose troops proclaimed him emperor in Moesia. Aemilianus thereupon marched into Italy; and Gallus was put to death by his own soldiers, together with his son Volusianus, before any collision had taken place between the opposing armies. The name of Gallus is associated with nothing but cowardice and dishonour. In addition to the misery produced by the inroads of the barbarians during this reign, a deadly pestilence broke out in 252, and continued its ravages over every part of the Empire for fifteen years.

(5) (ἀλέκτωρ, ἀλεκτρυών). The cock; a bird not mentioned in the earlier Greek writers, but found figured on the silver coins of Samothrace and Himera in the sixth century B.C. Athenaeus says that it was introduced into Greece from Persia. The cock was used by the Greeks in divination (see Alectryomantia), and was carefully bred by both the Greeks and Romans for fighting. (See Alectryomachia; Venationes.) The finest game-cocks were bred at Rhodes and Tanagra. The cock was sacred to Mars and to Aesculapius, Nox, and the Lares.

Gallus Gallus, Romansenator sent to arbitrate between Lacedaemonians and Argives

• Paus. 7.11.1-3