Ulpianus

• a celebrated Roman jurist under the emperors Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Heliogabalus, and Alexander Severus, fragments of whose writings are found in the Pandects; he was murdered in Gaul, A. D. 230, Lampr. Heliog. 16, § 4.

The most celebrated among Roman jurists next to Papinianus. Born at Tyre about A.D. 170, he began his career in Rome under Septimius Severus as colleague of Papinianus; and, under Elagabalus and Alexander Severus, whose preceptor and guardian he had been, he filled the office of a praefectus praetorio. During his tenure of this office he was murdered (228) before the eyes of the emperor by the Praetorians, whom he had exasperated by the strictness of his discipline. His two chief works, on the praetorian law (Ad Edictum), in eighty-three books, and on the civil law (Ad Sabinum), in fifty-one books, were held in high esteem, and formed the foundation of the Pandects of Justinian's Corpus Iuris. Of this portion the extracts from his writings form a full third. Besides these excerpts we have a small part of his Regularum Liber Singularis (ed. by Böcking [Bonn, 1855]), and of his Institutiones, included in Huschke's Iurisprudentia Anteiustiniana, 568, and edited by Vahlen (Bonn, 1856). See Schilling, De Ulpiano (Breslau, 1824); and Karlowa, Röm. Rechtsgeschichte, i. 743.