advocatus

advŏcātus . a. um. Part. of advoco

advŏcātus, i, m.,

• a legal assistant, counsellor, etc., v. advoco fin.

advocātus, ī, m. (eig. Partic. v. advoco), der Herbeigerufene, prägn. = a) zur Zeit der Republik, der Freund, Sachverständige und namentl. Rechtsverständige, den man bei einem Rechtsstreite zur Beratung zog, der sich persönlich für eine Meinung vor Gericht anführen ließ und dieselbe durch seine Gegenwart unterstützte, Cic. u.a. – b) zur Kaiserzeit = patronus causae, der für jmd. den Prozeß führt, der Rechtsbeistand, Sachwalter, Anwalt, Advokat, Quint. u.a.

1 advocatus v. advocare(16–18)

2 advocatus , protection. s1008 Galfridus comes [Britannie] Romam proficiscitur, totam Britanniam duobus filiis ‥ sub ducis [Normannie] ~u reliquit Diceto Abbr. Norm. 256.

1 advŏcātus, part. de advoco.

2 advŏcātus, (10) ī, m. , ¶ 1 celui qui a été appelé à assister qqn en justice [il aide par ses conseils, par ses consultations juridiques, par sa seule présence qui peut influer sur le jury ; mais il ne plaide pas], conseil, assistant, soutien : parens tuus reo de pecuniis repetundis Catilinæ fuit advocatus Cic. Sulla 81, ton père assista Catilina accusé de concussion ¶ 2 [ép. impériale] avocat plaidant, avocat : Sen. , Quint. , Plin. , Tac. ¶ 3 [fig.] aide, défenseur : non tam advocati quam moderatores studiorum Liv. 26, 48, 10, étant moins des soutiens que des modérateurs du zèle de leur parti respectif, cf. Sen. Clem. 1, 9, 7 ; Ep. 94, 28.

advocatus , i. m.
訟師。主保証見。Advocati nocturni 夜時借公事行竊之役。

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advocatus , a, um. part. p. et, v. advoco
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advocātus ī, m

• advoco, one called to aid.— In law, a friend who supports a party in a trial, an attendant, adviser: adesse advocatos nobis, T.: in advocati loco: adesse sine advocatis, i. e. without his guard.—A pleader, advocate, Ta.—Fig., an aid, helper: ad investigandum.

ADVOCATUS

ADVOCA´TUSseems originally to have signified any person who supported another in a cause or other business, as a witness for instance (Varro, de Re Rust. 2.5), or as an assistant in taking possession of disputed property (Cic. pro Caec. 8, § 22). It was specially used in the time of the republic for a person who accompanied a party to an action into court, in order to give him legal advice or the support of his presence. The advocatus did not, like the orator or patronus, speak on behalf of the party he was assisting. (Schol. ad Cic. Divin. 1.11, Orelli, p. 104.) Under the empire the terms patronus and advocatus ceased to be distinct in meaning. (Tac. Ann. 10.6.) Advocatus then meant a person who in any way assisted another in conducting an action in court. (Dig. 50, tit. 13, s. 1.) The great jurists sent written opinions (responsa), and were not themselves present at the hearing of causes. The office of advocate was originally regarded as a purely honorary one. The Lex Cincia (550 A.U.C.) expressly prohibited patroni from taking any remuneration for their services. Under Augustus, advocati who accepted pay were made liable to a penalty (Dio Cass.). Claudius allowed advocati to take fees not amounting to more than 10,000 sesterces. (Tac. 13.5; Quint. 12.7.11.) Diocletian made further regulations as to the amount of the fee. The fee was not recoverable as due on a contract of letting and hiring (locatio conductio), but payment of it, as a honorarium, was enforced by the magistrate under his extraordinaria cognitio.

There came to be attached to each court of justice under the empire a limited number of advocates, who had a monopoly of practice. Such advocates (statuti) were appointed by the judge of the court to which they belonged, their names being entered on a register (matricula) kept for the purpose. The advocates of each court constituted a corporation.

The advocatus fisci, an officer instituted by Hadrian (Spart. Hadr. 60), was the first in rank of such advocates. It was his business to look after the interests of the fiscus or the imperial treasury, and, among other things, to maintain its title to bona caduca. The various meanings of advocatus in the Middle Ages are given by Du Cange, Gloss. (Dig. 28, tit. 4, s. 3; Hollweg, Civil-Prozess, 1. § § 16, 17.)

[E.A.W]

Advocātus

At Rome, under the Republic, a competent friend who gave his advice in a lawsuit and came into court in person, not to speak (the patronus causae did that), but to support the cause by his presence. Under the Empire the term was applied to the counsel who pleaded in court in the presence of the parties, for doing which he was allowed, after the time of Claudius, to take a fee. See Judicial Procedure; Patronus.