alter

altera ex duabus legionibus
one of the two legions primus, alter, tertius ...
first, second, third ...

alter , era, erum (gen. sing. alterius, dat. alterī, in all genders): adj. (rel. to alius), the other; one of two; the next; the second, 5.311; a single other; one- or another of the same class; another; any second one; with a neg., not one other, 1.544; alter — alter, the one — the other, 5.299; alter — alterius, each — other’s, 2.667.

alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56 (306)), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 339 (Sat. 29 Vahl.): alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah! Ter. And. 628: nec alteríus indigéns opís veni, Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.; and sescupló vel una víncet alteríus singulum, id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).—Dat. sing. f.: alterae, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45 (750); Ter. Heaut. 271; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. ἕτερος; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ὁ ἕτερος.

• I Lit.
• • A In gen.: nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45 (750): necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97: altera ex duabus legionibus, Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia; cum altero vero magnus usus, Cic. Clu. 42, 117: alter consulum, Liv. 40, 59: alter ex censoribus, id. 40, 52: in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit, on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54: si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram, Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation: A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant, Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf. Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve, Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin.—
  • B Esp.
  • • 1.a In distributive clauses: alter ... alter, the one ... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ὁ ἕτερος ... ὁ ἕτερος: Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit, Cato R. R. 38, 9: alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68 (707); id. Am. 1, 2, 19 (481); 1, 2, 20 (482); Ter. Ad. 130: quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit, Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant; alteram Camulogenus tenebat, Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.: conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri, Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—
    • • b In same sense, unus ... alter, one ... the other, as in later Gr. εἷς μέν ... ἕτερος δέ: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret; ea optima est, Cato R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 984: uni epistolae respondi; venio ad alteram, Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6: nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella, Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24: Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium, Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21: consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret, Eutr. 1, 8: Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus, Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al.—
      • c Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter: Epaminondas ... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc ... Leonidas autem, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3: alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17: quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur, id. ib.: alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc., Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes
      • • α one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; ἕτερος, L. and S. I. 2.): duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc., Liv. 29, 33: hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat, Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or
        • β the form changed: dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem .... Physicae quoque etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added: alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans, Sen. Ep. 66, 39: alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc., Amm.14, 11.—
      • d In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos; alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91: alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent, id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare ... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which, ... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14: quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —
      • e The second alter in a different case: alter alterius ova frangit, Cic. N. D. 2, 49: uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2: qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant, Liv. 5, 11: alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant, Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4; 53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus: quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30 (381): dicunt unus ad alterum, Vulg. Ez. 33, 30: ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio, ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque: uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4: utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere, Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter: ut nemo sit alteri similis, Quint. 2, 9, 2: cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis, id. 7, prooem. 4: neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare, Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3: ut neutra alteri officiat, Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second: Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus, Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21 (483); Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore; quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo, Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—
    • 2 As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, ὁ ἕτερος: primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7: proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc., id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.: quadriennio post alterum consulatum, id. Sen. 9: die altero, Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, τῇ ἄλλῃ ἡμέρᾳ, τῇ ἑτέρᾳ: se alterā die ad conloquium venturum, Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62: die altero, ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense: alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit, Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3: intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet, every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12: Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert, Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.: qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam, next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49: alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus, id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,
    • • b Also with tens, hundreds, etc.: accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit, on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.: anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat, in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33: vicesima et altera laedit, Manil. 4, 466.—
      • c So of a number collectively: remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X., a second ten, Cato R. R. 19, 2: ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121: basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum, Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi; cras altera (sc. decem) mittam, a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,
      • d Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.
      • • α For two (as in Gr. εἷς καὶ ἕτερος): unus et alter dies intercesserat, Cic. Clu. 26: adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris, id. Att. 14, 18: et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt, Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—
        • β More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two: Unus et item alter, Ter. And. 77: mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26: versus paulo concinnior unus et alter, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15: ex illis unus et alter ait, Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.: paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea, Tac. G. 6.—
      • e Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. ἕτερον τοσοῦτον or ἕτερα τοσαῦτα): etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc., Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (517); so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65 (1184): altero tanto aut sesqui major, Cic. Or. 56, 188: altero tanto longior, Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13: numero tantum alterum adjecit, Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—
      • f Alteri totidem, as many more: de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus, Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —
      • g To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,
      • • α With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.): Verres, alter Orcus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50: alterum se Verrem putabat, id. ib. 5, 33 fin.: Hamilcar, Mars alter, Liv. 21, 10.—
        • β With a com. noun: me sicut alterum parentem observat, Cic. Fam. 5, 8: altera patria, Flor. 2, 6, 42 al.—
        • γ Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ὁ ἑταῖρος, ἕτερος ἐγώ, Clem. Al. 450): vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum, Cic. Fam. 7, 5: me alterum se fore dixit, id. Att. 4, 1: quoniam alterum me reliquissem, id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—
        • δ Alter idem, a second self, like ἕτεροι αὐτοί, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam): amicus est tamquam alter idem, Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—
    • 3 The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter: non uterque sed alter, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 43, 132: fortasse utrumque, alterum certe, id. Att. 11, 18: melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus, Liv. 1, 13: nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret, Ov. A. A. 3, 520: ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc., Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3: ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc., Quint. 5, 10, 69: ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc., id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—
• II Transf.
• • A Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ὁ πέλας (so sometimes ἕτερος, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1: qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58 (152); id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 339: ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda, Ter. And. 627: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39: qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia, Cic. Leg. 1, 14: ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso, id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4: scientem in errorem alterum inducere, id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.: cave ne portus occupet alter, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.: nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter, id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33: canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc., Phaedr. 1, 19: nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit, Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58: in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas, Vulg. Rom. 2, 1: nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius, ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24; 14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero, ib. Gal. 6, 4 al.—Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf. alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22 (256): scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram, id. Cist. 4, 1, 8 (660): qui me alter audacior est homo? id. Am. 1, 1, 1 (153); id. Ep. 1, 1, 24 (24).—
  • B The other, the opposite: alterius factionis principes, the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2: adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius, Suet. Tib. 11. —
  • C In gen., different: quotiens te speculo videris alterum, Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. ἕτερος, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—
  • D In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. ἕτερος, III. 2.).☞ The gen. alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius: alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est, Sen. Ep. 66, 39: cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere, Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).☞ ‡ altĕras, adv. [alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

alter, tera, terum, Genet. alterīus (im Verse auch alterĭus), Dat. alteri (v. alis), der eine von zweien, der andere (dagegen alius ein anderer in bezug auf mehr als zwei), I) eig.: A) im allg.: altero pede (auf dem einen F.) claudus, Nep.: hi libri quinque alteri, Cic.: alter exercitus, Liv.: alter consulum, Liv.: alter ex censoribus, Liv.: alterum ex duobus commodis, Gell.: altera ex duabus causis, Sen.: necesse est sit alterum de duobus, aut.... aut etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 97; vgl. Sen. de brev. vit. 13, 8 u. Gell. 5, 11, 7. – binas a te accepi litteras, quarum alteris mihi gratulabare, Cic.: utrique alteris freti, Sall.: tuis unis et alteris litteris, Cic.: tabulae testamenti unae per legatos eius Romam erant allatae, alterae eodem exemplo... Alexandriae proferebantur, Caes.: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Cornif. rhet.: ambo imperatores Romani aut alter ex iis, Liv.: parentes ambo alterve, Gell.: absente consulum altero ambobusve, Liv. (vgl. unten no. I, B, 1): non uterque, sed alter, Cic.: aut uterque aut certe alter, Liv.: aut alter aut invicem uterque, Quint.: ita est utraque res sine altera debilis, Cic. – Distribut., alter... alter, der eine... der andere, alter perdidit, alter vendidit, Cic. – zuw. steht statt des zweiten alter ein Subst., od. hic, ille u. dgl., Epaminondae, Leonidae –: quorum alter (Epam.) – quaesivit, Leonidas autem etc., Cic.: alter... hic, Cic. Rosc. Am. 17: alter... iste, ibid.: alter... ille, Flor. 4, 7, 10. – zuw. das eine alter ganz ausgelassen, duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, (altera) pertinacior etc., Liv. 29, 33, 7: Graeci duo genera eius fecere; (alteram) longam enodem, alteram brevem duriorem, Plin. 16, 63 (vgl. Sillig Plin. 35, 71). – Plur. von mehreren od. von ganzen Parteien, alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent, Cic. – endlich das zweite alter in verschiedenem Kasus, alter alterius ova frangit, Cic.: alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant, Sall.: auch unus alteri, Plaut. – ➳ Nach zwei Substst. bezieht sich gew. das erste alter auf das erste Subst., das zweite aus das zweite; zuw. aber ist es umgekehrt, wie Cic. Quinct. 1; de off. 3, 73; vgl. Spalding Quint. 9, 2, 6.

B) insbes.: 1) als Formel in Senatsbeschl. usw.: alter ambove, S.E.V. (= si eis od. iis videbitur od. videatur), der eine (der beiden Konsuln) oder beide, wenn usw., Uti C. Pansa, A. Hirtius Coss., alter ambove, S.E.V., cognoscerent, qui ager iis coloniis esset, Cic. Phil. 5, 53; u. so ibid. 8, 33; 9, 16; 14, 37: umgekehrt, Q. Aelius, Paulus Fabius Coss. ambo alterve, si iis videbitur, SC. b. Frontin. aqu. 100 extr.

2) der andere = zweite (secundus), a) übh.: proximo, altero (zweitnächsten), tertio die, Cic.: quadriennio post alterum consulatum, Cic.: fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, du bist nun der zweite nach jenem, Verg. – bei Zehnern u. Hunderten, altero vicesimo die, am 22. Tage, Cic.: annus alter ab undecimo, das 12., Verg.: anno trecentesimo altero (im 302. Jahre), quam Roma condita erat, Liv. – b) unus et (od. atque od. aut od. vel) alter, unus alterque, unus alter, der eine u. der andere (s. Heß Tac. dial. 21. p. 142. Schmidt Iuven. 7, 165), α) bestimmt = einer oder zwei, unus et alter dies, Cic. – β) unbestimmt = der eine u. der andere, der u. jener = etliche, einige wenige u. dgl., Ter., Cic. u.a. – c) alterum tantum, noch einmal-, doppelt so viel, Cic. u. Liv.: altero tanto longior, noch einmal so lang, Nep.: u. so altero tanto maior, Cic.

3) bei Nom. appellat. u. appellat. gebrauchten Nom. propr. = hinsichtlich der Eigenschaften dem genannten Appellativum gleich, unser ein anderer, ein zweiter, me sicut alterum parentem diligit, Cic.: alter Verres, Cic.: prope Hannibal alter, Aur. Vict.: prope alter Camillus, Claud.: u. so alter ego, ein zweites Ich (von sehr vertrauten Freunden), Cic.: u. tamquam alter idem, gleichsam das zweite Selbst, Cic. de amic. 80.

4) der andere = entgegengesetzte, ripa, das jenseitige, Caes.: acies, Liv.: pars altera, die Gegenpartei, Cic., Liv. u.a.: ebenso factio, Nep.: fortuna, Liv. – dah. poet., ander = der frühern Beschaffenheit nach verschieden, verändert, metuit secundis alteram sortem, Hor. carm. 2, 10, 13 sq.: u. quoties te speculo videris alterum, als einen andern, ganz verändert (also »unschöner«), Hor. carm. 4, 10, 6. – u. in der Augurspr. euphemist., altera avis = infausta, »ein unglückbringender V.«, nach Paul ex Fest. 7, 1.

II) übtr., der (die) Andere = der Nächste, der Mit- od. Nebenmensch (ὁ πέλας, ὁ πλησίον; vgl. Ochsner Cic. ecl. p. 90 u. 458), qui alteri exitium parat, eum scire oportet etc., Enn. fr.: qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet, Plaut.: qui nihil alterius causā facit, Cic. – dah. alter mit einer Negation od. einer negativen Frage u. dem Komparativ, verstärkend wie kein Zweiter für »kein anderer übh.«, sol scelestiorem nullum illuxit alterum, Plaut.: qui me alter audacior homo? Plaut.; u. so Hor. sat. 1, 1, 40 u. 1, 5, 33: u.m. Abl. compar., neque mest (als ich) Athenis alter hodie quisquam, quoi credi recte aeque putent, Plaut. asin. 492 sq.

➳ Dat. masc. altero, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 66 ed. Schoem. (Baiter u. Müller alteri). Carm. epigr. 192, 3; arch. alterei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 198, 76; öfter Dat. fem. alterae, Plaut. rud. 750. Ter. heaut. 271; Phorm. 928. Caes. b.G. 5, 27, 5. Nep. Eum. 1, 6. Col. 5, 11, 10. – Im Verse synk. altrius, altri, altris, s. Lorenz Plaut Pseud. 345. Brix Plaut. capt. prol. 8. Ribbeck Comic. Coroll. p. X sq. Röper Philol. 15, 294. A. 24. – Wegen der Quantität der Pänultima in alterius s. Prisc. 6, 37 u. bes. Ritschl opusc. 2, 662 sqq. u. 667 sqq. u. 694 sqq.

alter [CL] 1 second. b doubled in length (mus.). c (fig.) a second (distinct but comparable). d (w. neg.) (no) second or other. e (w. se) accompanied by one other. f every other, alternate. g (w. die) the other day, a few days ago. h (w. melior) second best. prior felix Rufina vocatur, / altera posterior florens aetate Secunda Aldh. VirgV 2281; tertio vel ~ero anno Bede TR 9; ~era [occasio] nec merito minus quam numero secunda Gir. TH intr. p. 4; fuerunt occisi tunc dominus J. S. miles ‥ cum dcc hominibus ~erius gradus V. Ric. II 181.  b ultima brevis valet duo tempora et vocatur ~era brevis Haudlo 385b; longarum duplicium quedam sunt duplices longe que recte vocantur et quedam sunt duplices longe que ~ere nominantur Hauboys 410b; pars aliquota bis sumpta dicitur aliquota media vel ~era Hothby 329.  c ecce Thomas noster, Joseph ~er, ‥ ~er in spiritu et virtute Helyas H. Bos. Thom. III 6; Hibernia ‥ quasi ~er orbis Gir. TH I 2.  d 673 quod si quisquam propriam expulerit conjugem ‥, nulli ~eri copuletur (Syn. Hertf. 10) Bede HE IV 5; proco ‥ quo non praestantior alter Aldh. VirgV 2066; gravidam me ‥ reliquit nec est ~er qui juvenem istum genuerat M. Par. Maj. I 197.  e ad hoc Robertus venerat ut ‥ pene se ~ero vagaretur W. Malm. GR IV 389; 1215 mittimus ad vos Henricum de R. se ~um Cl 197b; 1257 Johanni de A. se solo ‥; Radulfo M. se ~ero ‥; Willelmo de F. se tercio Cl 140.  f a1300 debent habere unum tassatorem per ~erum annum in horeo domini abbatis in autumpno Reg. S. Aug. 119; 1434 quolibet ~ero anno dabunt ‥ iiij virgas panni Cl 284 m. 1d..  g 1170 venit ~era die usque Cadomum Ep. Becket 673 p. 310.  h 1279 habebunt a domino manerii ~erum meliorem multonem Hund. II 722; 1285 habebit ‥ j multon’ alteram [sic] meliorem in falda domini Cust. Suss II 19. 2 the other (of two). b (w. unus). c (repeated). se ‥ vitae ~erius ingressui paravit Bede HE IV 22; de his omnibus habet Willelmus medietatem et rex ~eram DB I 26; nec potuit ‥ gesticulatio ‥ exprimere quantum eorum uterque gauderet ex ~ero Devizes 29r; 1496 Jacobo †altri compotancium ExchScot 613 (cf. ib. 614: ~eri compotancium).  b unus ut aethereos ‥ campos, / alter sic herebum lustrat Aldh. VirgV 765; [cometarum] una diei, ~era noctis praecurrebat exortum Bede HE VII 23; harum unam habet episcopus, ‥ presbiter vero habet ~eram DB I 76; duas ‥ insulas, unam majorem et ~eram minorem Gir. TH II 4.  c quorum alter Cosmas, Damianus dicitur alter Aldh. VirgV 1079; postea emit ~er ab ~ero partem suam DB I 233; sunt duo ‥ genera largorum: ~i prodigi, ~i liberales dicuntur W. Malm. GR IV 313; ~ero humero seipsum precedere videtur, ~ero sequi Neckam NR II 190; s1312 ~er ~erius maritali federe conjungi affectavit Trokelowe 71. 3 either. b each (of two). 1240 si ~era dictarum Mabilie vel Angnetis in misericordiam ‥ inciderit KR Mem 18 r. 15; 1310 vel eorum ~eri qui diucius vixerit Deeds Balliol 145.  b sic duo non duo sunt, sic alter vivit utrumque Eur. Love-Lyric II 511; 1437 in denariis solutis J. W. ‥ et J. S. ‥, ~eri eorum xij d., ij s. Ac. Durh. 624. 4 a (esp. gen.) other (not of two). b another person of the same name. c other (than), different. a 673 ut nullus episcoporum se praeferat ~eri (Syn. Hertf.) Bede HE IV 5; prosit unusquisque ~eri arte sua Ælf. Coll. 100; navigium vertis litus ad alterius G. Amiens Hast. 47; stellarum coreas applicationesque unius ad ~eram J. Sal. Pol. 408d.; 1233 hominum ~erius religionis BNB II 568; 12‥ melius forum dabit domino quam ~eri homini Cust. Bleadon 208; 1300 pro stranglino et polan et [milliario] cujuslibet ~erius nigri operis MGL II 94; 13‥ nullus ~erius diocesis ‥ admittatur ad celebrandum divina Conc. Scot. II 65; sic fuit hoc hydrae scissum caput; attamen altrum / illi succrevit J. Herd Hist. IV Regum 167.  b c1170 testibus hiis, Alano constabulario, Eudone ~erius [sc. Eudonis] filio E. Ch. Yorks IV 52.  c alter et est hodie quam fuit orbis heri Nig. SS 2946; dicitur mixtio miscibilium ~erorum unio Peckham Quaest. II 15 p. 131; licet dominium Dei sit ~erius racionis a dominio humano Ockham Pol. II 641; aureus axis erat, nec temo fit alter ab auro Gower VC I 21.

1 altĕr, (5) ĕra, ĕrum (gén. alterīus, dat. alterī), ¶ 1 lʼun des deux ; [en parlant de deux] lʼun, lʼautre ; [dans une énumération] second : uti C. Pansa A. Hirtius consules, alter ambove... cognoscerent Cic. Phil. 5, 53, etc., [décider] que les consuls C. Pansa et A. Hirtius, soit un seul, soit les deux ensemble, recherchent...; necesse est sit alterum de duobus Cic. Tusc. 1, 97, nécessairement, de deux choses lʼune ; ad alteram fluminis ripam Cæs. G. 5, 18, 2, près de (sur) lʼautre rive du fleuve [la rive opposée]; claudus altero pede Nep. Ages. 8, 1, boiteux dʼune jambe || proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus Cic. Phil. 1, 32, le jour qui venait immédiatement après, le second, le troisième, et tous les autres qui ont suivi ; (tria Græcorum genera) quorum uni sunt Athenienses..., Æoles alteri, Dores tertii nominabantur Cic. Fl. 64, (trois sortes de Grecs) dont les premiers sont les Athéniens, les seconds les Æoliens, et les troisièmes avaient nom Doriens, cf. Clu. 178 ; Cat. 2, 18 ; de Or. 2, 235 ; Cæs. G. 5, 24, 2 ; C. 1, 38, 1, etc.; quod est ex tribus oratoris officiis alterum Cic. Br. 197, ce qui des trois devoirs de lʼorateur est le second ; [dʼoù] alter Themistocles Cic. Br. 43, un second Thémistocle ; tua altera patria Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 17, ta seconde patrie ; (verus amicus) est tanquam alter idem Cic. Læl. 80, (le véritable ami) est comme un autre nous-même || centesima lux est hæc ab interitu P. Clodii et altera Cic. Mil. 98, voici le 102^e jour écoulé depuis la mort de Clodius ; anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat Liv. 3, 33, 1, trois cent deux ans après la fondation de Rome || alterum tantum, une seconde fois autant : Pl. Bacch. 1184, etc.; Cic. Or. 188 ; Nep. Eum. 8, 5 ; numero tantum alterum adjecit Liv. 1, 36, 7, il doubla le nombre, cf. 8, 8, 14 || [poét.] tu nunc eris alter ab illo Virg. B. 5, 49, toi, tu seras le second après lui ; alter ab undecimo annus Virg. B. 8, 39, une seconde année après la onzième [douzième année] || alter... alter, lʼun... lʼautre, le premier... le second ; alteri... alteri sens collectif : quibus ex generibus alteri se populares, alteri optimates haberi voluerunt Cic. Sest. 96, [= quorum ex generibus] parmi ces catégories de citoyens, les uns ont aspiré au titre de démocrates, les autres à celui dʼaristocrates, cf. Phil. 5, 32 ; Or. 143 ; Rep. 2, 9, etc.; Cæs. G. 1, 26, 1, etc. || unus... alter : Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 90 ; 5, 27 ; Mur. 30, etc.; unæ decumæ... alteræ Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 227, une première dîme... une seconde || unus aut alter, unus alterve, un ou deux : Cic. Mur. 43 ; Fin. 5, 74 ; Att. 7, 8, 2, etc. || unus et alter, un, puis un autre : dicit unus et alter breviter Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, un, deux témoins déposent brièvement, cf. Clu. 38 ; Att. 14, 18, 1 || alter alterum : alter ab altero adjutus Cic. Br. 3, sʼétant tous deux aidés mutuellement ; alter alterius judicium reprehendit Cic. Clu. 122, tous deux blâment réciproquement leur jugement ; duæ res maximæ altera alteri defuit Cic. Br. 204, à chacun des deux fit défaut lʼune des deux qualités les plus importantes [lʼun manqua de lʼune, lʼautre de lʼautre] ; quorum (numerorum) uterque plenus alter altera de causa habetur Cic. Rep. 6, 12, ces nombres [7, 8 ] sont considérés comme parfaits tous deux, lʼun pour une raison, lʼautre pour une autre ¶ 2 autrui : qui nihil alterius causa facit Cic. Leg. 1, 41, celui qui ne fait rien pour autrui ; nihil alteri incommodare Cic. Quinct. 51, ne causer aucun désagrément à son prochain ; contemnuntur ii qui « nec sibi nec alteri », ut dicitur Cic. Off. 2, 36, on méprise ceux qui, comme on dit, ne font rien, pas plus pour eux que pour autrui.

➳ formes rares : dat. masc. alterei CIL 1, 583, 76 ; altero CLE 192, 3 || dat. fém. alteræ Pl. Rud. 750 ; Ter. Haut. 271 ; Phorm. 928 ; Cæs. G. 5, 27, 5 [α]; Nep. Eum. 1, 6 ; Col. Rust. 5, 11, 10 ; Gell. 7, 7, 1.

2 altēr, ēris, v. halteres.

alter , era, erum. gen. erius. dat. eri. adj.
他。另一。一。第二。— alterum obstrepit 彼此阻攪。Altero quoque die 隔一日。 Alter nullus vel nemo alter 無別人。Mars alter 似馬兒徳。— ego 猶我之友。— ab illo 他的 第二。掇硾。

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alter , eris. m.
掇硾。

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alter tera, terum, gen.terīus or terius, dat.alterī (f rarely alterae), pronomadj.

• 2 AL-, one, another, the one, the other(of two): necesse est sit alterum de duobus: altera ex duabus legionibus, Cs.: alter consulum, L.: in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit, on the other side, Cs.: ut consules alter ambove cognoscerent, one or both: absente consulum altero ambobusve, L.— Alter ... alter, the one ... the other, the former ... the latter: curemus aequam uterque partem; ut alterum, ego item alterum, T.: quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos; alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget: quorum alteri adiuvabant, alteri, etc., Cs.: qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant, L.—Unus ... alter, one ... the other: Ph. Una iniuria est tecum ... altera est tecum, T.: uni epistulae respondi, venio ad alteram. — Opp. to other distributive words: alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.: lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad, etc., Cs.: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, N.: uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum: neutrum eorum contra alterum iuvare, Cs.—Esp., as a numeral, the second, next(cf. secundus): primo die ... alter dies ... tertius dies: proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus: sive iterum Sulla sive alter Marius: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert, H.— So, alterā die, the next day: altero die quam, on the next day after, L.— With praepp.: qui tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam, next after: Fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the next after him, V.—In compound numbers: litteras altero vicensimo die reddidit, on the twenty-second day.—Of a number collectively: hos libros alteros quinque mittemus, a second series of five: Aurea mala decem misi; cras altera (sc. decem) mittam, V.— In the phrase, unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.—Usu. of an indef. number, one and another, a couple, one or two: Unus et item alter, T.: unum et alterum diem desiderari: versus paulo concinnior unus et alter, H.—Rarely of a definite number, two: unus et alter dies intercesserat.—Alterum tantum, as much more, as much again, twice as much: altero tanto longior, N.: numero tantum alterum adiecit, L.— Of quality or character, a second, another, i. e. very like: Verres, alter Orcus: alter ego: amicus est tamquam alter idem, a second self.—The one of two, either of two(for alteruter): non uterque sed alter: sine alteris vestrum vivere, L.— Meton., another(for alius): victis non ad alterius praescriptum imperare, Cs.: si nullius alterius nos pudet, nobody else, L.—Hence, a neighbor, fellow-creature: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: nihil alterius causā facere.—The other, the opposite: alterius factionis principes, the leaders of the opposite party, N.—Different, changed: quotiens et specula videris alterum, H.