ars

Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis erat
Ennius was the greatest in talent, but he was unpolished in technique ars ea quam Graeci philosophiam vocant
that art which the Greeks call philosophy ars rhetorica
the art of rhetoric

ars , artis, f.: acquired skill; dexterity, 5.521; art, 2.15; warlike device, craft, 5.442; skillful effort or toil, 5.270; attainment, science, 7.772; prophetic wisdom, 5.705; aim, vocation, pursuit, 6.852; avocation, craft, 12.519; artifice, plot, stratagem, intrigue, 1.657; craft, subtlety, cunning, 2.152; skillful or cunning workmanship, 5.359.

ars, artis, f. [v. arma], skill in joining something, combining, working it, etc., with the advancement of Roman culture, carried entirely beyond the sphere of the common pursuits of life, into that of artistic and scientific action, just as, on the other hand, in mental cultivation, skill is applied to morals, designating character, manner of thinking, so far as it is made known by external actions (syn.: doctrina, sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, virtus, industria, ratio, via, dolus).

• I Skill in producing any material form, handicraft, trade, occupation, employment (τέχνη).
• • A Lit.: Zeno censet artis proprium esse creare et gignere, Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57: quarum (artium) omne opus est in faciendo atque agendo, id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 7, 22; id. Off. 2, 3, 12 sq.—
  • B Transf.
  • • 1 With the idea extended, any physical or mental activity, so far as it is practically exhibited; a profession, art (music, poetry, medicine, etc.); acc. to Roman notions, the arts were either liberales or ingenuae artes, arts of freemen, the liberal arts; or artes illiberales or sordidae, the arts, employments, of slaves or the lower classes.
    • • a In gen.: Eleus Hippias gloriatus est nihil esse ullā in arte rerum omnium, quod ipse nesciret: nec solum has artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometriam, musicam, litterarum cognitionem et poëtarum, atque illa, quae de naturis rerum, quae de hominum moribus, quae de rebus publicis dicerentur, sed anulum, quem haberet, pallium, quo amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se suā manu confecisse, Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127: Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, haec fere accepimus. Primum improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum. Illiberales autem et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omniumque, quorum operae, non artes emuntur: est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis ... Opificesque omnes in sordidā arte versantur ... Quibus autem artibus aut prudentia major inest aut non mediocris utilitas quaeritur, ut medicina, ut architectura, ut doctrina rerum honestarum, hae sunt iis, quorum ordini conveniunt, honestae, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 sq.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 3: artes elegantes, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4: laudatae, id. de Or. 1, 3, 9: bonae, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 32: optimae, Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111: magnae, id. Or. 1, 4: maximae, id. de Or. 1, 2, 6: gravissimae, id. Fin. 2, 34, 112: leviores artes, id. Brut. 1, 3: mediocres, id. de Or. 1, 2, 6: omnis artifex omnis artis, Vulg. Apoc. 18, 22: artifices omnium artium, ib. 1 Par. 22, 15.—
      • b Esp., of a single art, and,
      • • α With an adj. designating it: ars gymnastica, gymnastics, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 73 (156): ars duellica, the art of war, id. Ep. 3, 4, 14 (450): ars imperatoria, generalship, Quint. 2, 17, 34: (artes) militares et imperatoriae, Liv. 25, 9, 12: artes civiles, politics, Tac. Agr. 29: artes urbanae, i. e. jurisprudence and eloquence, Liv. 9, 42: ars grammatica, grammar, Plin. 7, 39, 40, § 128: rhetorica, Quint. 2, 17, 4: musica, poetry, Ter. Hec. 23: musica, music, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93: medicae artes, the healing art, medicine, Ov. H. 5, 145; so, ars Apollinea, id. Tr. 3, 3, 10: magica, Verg. A. 4, 493, and Vulg. Sap. 17, 7; so, maleficis artibus inserviebat, he used witchcraft, ib. 2 Par. 33, 6 al.—
        • β With a gen. designating it: ars disserendi, dialectics, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157: ars dicendi, the art of speaking, id. ib. 1, 23, 107, and Quint. 2, 17, 17; so, ars eloquentiae, id. 2, 11, 4: ars medendi, Ov. A. A. 2, 735: ars medentium, Stat. S. 5, 1, 158: medicorum ars, Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 12: pigmentariorum ars, the art of unguents, ib. 2 Par. 16, 4: ars armorum, the art of war, Quint. 2, 17, 33: ars pugnae, Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; so in plur.: belli artes, Liv. 25, 40, 5: ars gubernandi, navigation, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24; Quint. 2, 17, 33; so, ars gubernatoris, Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 42.—Sometimes the kind of art may be distinguished by the connection, so that ars is used absol. of a particular art: instruere Atriden num potes arte meā? i. e. arte sagittandi, Ov. H. 16, 364: tunc ego sim Inachio notior arte Lino, i. e. arte canendi, Prop. 3, 4, 8: fert ingens a puppe Notus: nunc arte (sc. navigandi) relictā Ingemit, Stat. Th. 3, 29; so Luc. 7, 126; Sil. 4, 715: imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte (sc. rhetoricā) viros, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 16: ejusdem erat artis, i. e. artis scaenofactoriae, Vulg. Act. 18, 3.—
    • 2 Science, knowledge: quis ignorat, ii, qui mathematici vocantur, quantā in obscuritate rerum et quam reconditā in arte et multiplici subtilique versentur, Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 10: nam si ars ita definitur, ex rebus penitus perspectis planeque cognitis atque ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctis, scientiāque comprehensis, non mihi videtur ars oratoris esse ulla, id. ib. 1, 23, 108: nihil est quod ad artem redigi possit, nisi ille prius, qui illa tenet. quorum artem instituere vult, habeat illam scientiam (sc. dialecticam), ut ex iis rebus, quarum ars nondum sit, artem efficere possit, id. ib. 1, 41, 186: ars juris civilis, id. ib. 1, 42, 190: (Antiochus) negabat ullam esse artem, quae ipsa a se proficisceretur. Etenim semper illud extra est, quod arte comprehenditur ... Est enim perspicuum nullam artem ipsam in se versari, sed esse aliud artem ipsam, aliud, quod propositum sit arti, id. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9; id. Cael. 30, 72; id. Or. 1, 4: vir bonus optimisque artibus eruditus, Nep. Att. 12, 4: ingenium docile, come, aptum ad artes optimas, id. Dion 1, 2 al.—
  • C
  • • 1 The theory of any art or science: ars est praeceptio, quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi aliquid, Auct. Her. 1, 1; Asper, p. 1725 P.: non omnia, quaecumque loquimur, mihi videntur ad artem et ad praecepta esse revocanda, not every thing is to be traced back to theory and rules, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: res mihi videtur esse facultate (in practice) praeclara, arte (in theory) mediocris; ars enim earum rerum est, quae sciuntur: oratoris autem omnis actio opinionibus, non scientiā continetur, id. ib. 2, 7, 30; id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 7, 22.—In later Lat. ars is used,
    • • a Absol. for grammatical analysis, grammar: curru non, ut quidam putant, pro currui posuit, nec est apocope: sed ratio artis antiquae, etc., Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 156; 1, 95: et hoc est artis, ut (vulgus) masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, etc., id. ad eund. ib. 1, 149: secundum artem dicamus honor, arbor, lepor: plerumque poëtae r in s mutant, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 153 al.—Hence also,
      • b As a title of books in which such theories are discussed, for rhetorical and, at a later period, for grammatical treatises.
      • • α Rhetorical: quam multa non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt! Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5: ipsae rhetorum artes, quae sunt totae forenses atque populares, id. ib. 3, 1, 4: neque eo dico, quod ejus (Hermagorae) ars mihi mendosissime scripta videatur; nam satis in eā videtur ex antiquis artibus (from the ancient works on rhetoric) ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocāsse, id. Inv. 1, 6 fin.: illi verbis et artibus aluerunt naturae principia, hi autem institutis et legibus, id. Rep. 3, 4, 7: artem scindens Theodori, Juv. 7, 177.—
        • β Grammar: in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genitivo plurali jungi, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 96: ut in artibus lectum est, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 535.—So Ars, as the title of the later Lat. grammars: Donati Ars Grammatica, Cledonii Ars, Marii Victorini Ars, etc.; v. the grammarians in Gothofred., Putsch., Lindem., Keil.—
    • 2 The knowledge, art, skill, workmanship, employed in effecting or working upon an object (Fr. adresse): majore quādam opus est vel arte vel diligentiā, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 14 fin.: et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares, Ov. H. 3, 32: qui canit arte, canat; qui bibit arte, bibat, id. A. A. 2, 506: arte laboratae vestes, Verg. A. 1, 639: plausus tunc arte carebat, was void of art, was natural, unaffected, Ov. A. A. 1, 113.—
    • 3 (Concr.) The object artistically formed, a work of art: clipeum efferri jussit Didymaonis artis, Verg. A. 5, 359: divite me scilicet artium, Quas aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas, Hor. C. 4, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 6, 17.—
    • 4 Artes (personified), the Muses: artium chorus, Phaedr. 3, prol. 19.—
• II Transf. from mind to morals, the moral character of a man, so far as it is made known by actions, conduct, manner of acting, habit, practice, whether good or bad: si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae, your former manner of life, conduct, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 35 (73); cf. Hor. C. 4, 15, 12; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6 (228) Lind.: nempe tuā arte viginti minae Pro psaltriā periere, Ter. Ad. 742: quid est, Quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius? my assiduity, id. And. 31: Hac arte (i. e. constantiā, perseverantiā) Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus arces attigit igneas, Hor. C. 3, 3, 9: multae sunt artes (i. e. virtutes) eximiae, hujus administrae comitesque virtutis (sc. imperatoris), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13; id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; id. Verr. 2, 4, 37 Zumpt: nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est, Sall. C. 2, 4 Kritz; so id. ib. 5, 7: cultusque artesque virorum, Ov. M. 7, 58: mores quoque confer et artes, id. R. Am. 713: praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerere, Sall. C. 2, 9; so id. ib. 10, 4: animus insolens malarum artium, id. ib. 3, 4; so Tac. A. 14, 57.—Hence also, absol. in mal. part. as in Gr. τέχνη for cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem: haec arte tractabat virum, Ter. Heaut. 366 (cf. Ov. H. 17, 142): capti eādem arte sunt, quā ceperant Fabios, Liv. 2, 51; 3, 35: at Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia, Verg. A. 1, 657; so id. ib. 7, 477: ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā, id. ib. 2, 152: talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis Credita res, etc., id. ib. 2, 195: fraudes innectere ponto Antiquā parat arte, Luc. 4, 449: tantum illi vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit, Suet. Tit. 1: fugam arte simulantes, Vulg. Jud. 20, 32: regem summis artibus pellexit, πάσῃ μηχανῇ, Suet. Vit. 2.

ars, tis, f. (vgl. artus, ūs, mhd. art, griech. ἀρτίζειν), die geregelte Kunst, I) im engern Sinne, A) eig., wie τέχνη = jede körperliche od. geistige Fertigkeit, insofern sie sich werktätig zeigt, das Handwerk (die Profession), das Gewerbe, die Kunst, Kunstleistung, Wissenschaft, Zeno censet artis maxime proprium esse creare et gignere, Cic.: artes, quarum omne opus est in faciendo et agendo, Cic.: artium aliud eius modi genus est, ut tantummodo animo rem cernat, aliud ut moliatur aliquid et faciat, Cic. – artes (Leistungen) sine honore, Tac. ann. 16, 22. – artis scriptor, Cornif. rhet. 4, 9: artes ingenuae od. liberales, die Künste der Freien (artificum), die edleren Künste (Ggstz. artes sordidae od. quaestus illiberales et sordidi, die Künste, Arbeiten der Sklaven u. niedern Stände [opificum], Cic.: artes optimae, die Wissenschaften, Cic. u. Nep.: studia (Berufsarten) atque artes (Wissenschaften), Cic. – coquorum ars, Quint.: ars aeraria, Iustin., ferraria, Treb. Poll.: ars gubernandi, Cic.: ars medendi, Plin.: disserendi, Dialektik, Cic.: ars musica, grammatica, Plin.: rhetorica, Quint.: artes urbanae, Jurisprudenz u. Beredsamkeit, Liv.: ara Mentoris, Varr. fr.: extispicum ars, Acc. fr.: poëtice est ars earum rerum, Varr. fr.: hanc discere artem, Pompon. com. fr.: artem alqam factitare, Cic., exercere, Hor.: profiteri artem tesserariam, ein Spieler von Profession sein, Amm.: profiteri captandorum testamentorum artem, ein Erbschleicher von Profession sein, Sen.: quod ministerium fuerat (nämlich die Kocherei), ars haberi coepta, Liv.: minime artes eae probandae, quae sunt ministrae voluptatum, cetarii, lanii, coqui, fartores, piscatores, Cic.: plena artis ornamenta, Apul.: vasa pretiosae artis, Curt. – ars est m. folg. Infin., Cic. ep. 1, 9, 21 u. ad Att. 7, 25. Tac. ann. 3, 66: artis est m. folg. Infin., Plin. 18, 197. – B) meton.: 1) die einer Kunst od. Wissenschaft zugrunde liegenden Regeln, die Theorie, ad artem et ad praecepta revocare alqd, auf die Kunsttheorie u. auf Regeln zurückführen, Cic.: res mihi videtur esse facultate (in der Praxis) praeclara, arte (in der Theorie) mediocris, Cic.: ex arte (dicere, scribere etc.), den Regeln der Kunst gemäß, Cic.: si arte caret, der Kunsttheorie, des Kunstgefühls, Hor.: artes, quae traduntur, vorgetragene Kunsregeln, Quint. 10, 1, 15: u. so praecepta atque artes, Quint. 1. prooem. 26. – dah. auch = theoretische Kenntnis, Cic. de or. 3. § 151 u. 195; Plur. = theoretische Studien, Cic. Arch. 4. – u. ars = Lehrsystem (Schulsystem), Lehrgebäude, Cic. de or. 1, 92 u. 99 151; 2, 216 u. 229. – In der spät. Zeit ars = grammatische Disziplin, Grammatik, Gramm. – Dah. auch als Titel der Bücher, in denen solche Theorien abgehandelt werden, α) Lehrbuch der Redekunst, eine Rhetorik, artes oratoriae, Cic.: rhetorum artes, Cic.: artes antiquae, alte Lehrbücher der Redekunst, Cic.; vgl. Spalding Quint. 2, 15, 4. – β) Grammatik, Gramm. – 2) die bei etw. angewandte Kunst, Geschicklichkeit, Fertigkeit, Gewandtheit, das Geschick, arte medicinae, durch seine Geschicklichkeit in der Heilkunde, Tac.: exercitatio artem paravit, ars decorem, Tac.: opus est vel arte vel diligentiā, Cic.: arte canere, Ov.: arte laboratae vestes, Verg.: plausus tunc arte carebat, war ungekünstelt, aufrichtig, Ov.: m. Genet. Gerund., quin potius auctā arte quādam nec abnuendi tale quicquam nec palam affirmandi, Liv. 26, 19, 8. – 3) Plur. artes = Kunstwerke, Cic. de leg 2, 4. Hor. ep. 1, 6, 17. Verg. Aen. 5, 359 (poet. von einem Kunstwerk) u.a.; vgl. Broukh. Prop. 3, 7, 39. – 4) Artes = die Musen, Phaedr. 3. prol. 19. – II) übtr.: 1) die moralische Eigenschaft eines Menschen, insofern sie sich durch Handlungen kundgibt, als vox media, je nach dem Zushg. od. beigefügten Adj. gute od. schlechte Eigenschaft, Gewohnheit, Handlungsweise, Tugend od. Untugend, Laster (vgl. Brix Plaut. trin. 72. Zumpt Cic. Verr. 4, 81. Halm Cic. de imp Pomp. 36 ed. mai. Dietsch Sall. Cat. 2, 4. Fabri Sall. Cat. 13, 5. Mützell Curt. 3, 6 [16], 20), artes antiquae tuae, deine frühere Lebens- u. Handlungsweise, Plaut.: mea ars, meine Emsigkeit, Ter.: hac arte (Beharrlichkeit) Pollux attigit arces igneas, Hor.: multae sunt artes eximiae, Cic.: bonae artes, gute Eigenschaften, edles Bestreben, löbliche Bestrebungen, Sall. u. Tac.: artibus bonis malisque mixtus, mit Tugenden u. Lastern, Tac.: malae artes, böse Gewohnheiten, Sall.: ingenii dotes vel animi artes, Curt. – 2) (absol.) wie τέχνη für List, Kunstgriff, Betrug, Ter., Sall. u.a. (vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 1, 657. Fabri u. Wölffl. Liv. 21, 34, 1): summis artibus, Suet. – 3) Plur. artes, a) Künste = Mittel, Mittel und Wege, Art und Weise, artes quaesitae, Verg. georg. 3, 549: bonae artes, löbliche M., Tac. hist. 1, 17 extr.: artes nocendi, Verg. Aen. 7, 338. – b) Künste, poet. = Spielereien (von der künstl. Zucht), Verg. georg. 2, 52. – ➳ Nomin. Sing. auch artis, nach Virgil. gramm. 5. p. 38, 6 H.

ars [CL] 1 art, skill or technique or accomplishment in making things, esp. things of beauty. b human handiwork (contrasted w. nature). c product of art or craft. d artifice, trick. e (w. pars) ‘art’, (responsibility for) contrivance. f skill exercised by animals. de terrae gremiis formabar primitus arte Aldh. Aen. 61 (Pugio) 1; artes esse aeternas et semper animae adhaerere Eriug. Per. 486C; opus quod fit secundum aliquam artem ‥ semper est in ipsa arte non aliud quam quod est ars ipsa Anselm (Mon. 34) I 53; est de eo omnis ars cujus in ea docetur scientia Balsh. AD 9; in diversicoloribus picturis, ubi lenocinante splendore fucorum ars spectabilis rapiebat animos W. Malm. GP I 43; est ars ratio que compendio sui naturaliter possibilium expedit facultatem J. Sal. Met. 838A; ‘artes’ dicte sunt eo quod ‘artant’ regulis et preceptis; vel a virtute, que Grece ares dicitur et animos roborat ad percipiendas vias sapientie; aut a ratione, cui alimenta et incrementa prestant, que a Grecis arso nominatur Ib. 839D; sin autem ‥ longe penitius ad artis arcana transpenetraveris, tam delicatas et subtiles ‥ notare poteris intricaturas ut ‥ Gir. TH II 38; cum doceas artes, sit sermo domesticus arti / quelibet ars gaudet propriis Vinsauf PN 1087–8; ars non facit nisi formam artificialem Bacon Maj. II 549; essencia divina est ars seu racio vel species vel ydea cujuslibet rei create vel creande (Ric. Armagh Sent.) Wycl. & Ox. 85n; ex istis elicitur quod innocens nec arti liberali nec mechanice intendisset. constat quidem quod ars, in quantum hujusmodi, dicit quamdam erudicionem anxiam preter noticiam theoricam Wycl. Mand. Div. 495.  b arte invida et invisa ipsam turpiter adulterante naturam Gir. TH III 35; natura se ab arte superari conqueritur Neckam NR II 172; natura potentior arte Vinsauf PN 579; ars utens natura pro instrumento potentior est virtute naturali; ‥ quicquid autem est preter operationem nature vel artis aut non est humanum aut est fictum et fraudibus occupatum Bacon NM 523; natura cum paucis artibus sufficit ad necessitatem hominis (Concl. Loll. XII 12) Ziz. 368.  c dentibus ex ferro longisque ferocibus omnes / corrodunt artes, quod nichil obstat eis Gower VC I 474.  d heu fortuna ferox quae me sic arte fefellit! Aldh. Aen. 60 (Monocerus) 6; terras quas vi vel arte multis abstulerat H. Hunt. CM 8; exquisitissimo dolo et arte maligna W. Fitzst. Thom. 35; venenis vincere solet quam viribus et arte magis quam marte vigere Gir. TH I 37; [mulier] cleros dum decipit arte pudicos D. Bec. 1975; [hyena] vocem simulans humanam, nomine noto, / servum quem fallax evocat, arte necat Neckam DS IX 98.  e 1221 deadvocavit stagnum [adiratum] quod in eo non habuit partem nec artem CurR X 105; 1295 optulit se ad probandum ‥ quod dictus H. artem nec partem non habuit in predicto equo (St. Ives) Law Merch. I 68.  f arte mea crocea flavescunt fercula regum Aldh. Aen. 20 (Apis) 3; desidero ‥ duos falcones, quorum ars et artis audatia sit grues velle libenter captando arripere (Æthelberht) Ep. Bonif. 105; [castores] ex salicum ramis in castrorum constructione ligna connectunt ‥ ut ‥ hispidum exterius silvescat arbustum, tota interius arte latente Gir. IK II 3. 2 mechanical or practical art, craft. b handiwork, design. c community or guild of craftsmen. nisi ‥ arte plumaria omne textrinum opus diversis imaginum thoracibus perornent Aldh. VirgP 15; [frater] fabrili arte singularis Bede HE V 14; o salinator, quid nobis proficit ars tua [AS: cræft pin]? Ælf. Coll. 97; puella nobilis ‥ scientia liberalitatis multum dedita in mechanicaque arte etiam peritissima G. Herw. f. 325; bellatorie artis industria P. Blois Ep. 231. 527B; practicus obtusus medicalis nescius artis D. Bec. 1797; quid aliud agricultura, quid architectura, quid mercatura, quid artes mechanice tam varie, ‥ nisi vite subsidia sub quadam providentia ‥ curant? Gir. PI I 12; queritur utrum secundum artem possit fieri verum aurum M. Scot Sol 713; s1224 castellum ‥ ligneum ‥ architectoria [corr. from geometrica] arte fabricatum M. Par. Maj. III 85; artes mechanice sunt laneficium, armatura, navigatio, venatio, agricultura, medicina Bacon XV 193; hec [geometrica practica] se habet ad alias [scientias] sicut navigatoria ad carpentariam et sicut ars militaris ad fabrilem Id. Maj. III 221; 1363 ut quilibet ‥ artem sagittandi discat et exerceat (Cl) Foed. VI 417; 1389 dispositorem operacionum artem cementar’ tangencium CalPat 122; Ziz. 368 (v. armator); 1402 de xij d. receptis de J. L. pro decima †arcis [? l. artis] sue (Ac. Harrold) Beds Hist. Rec. Soc. XLIX 46; 1449 ad artem fabricalem exercendam Crawley 476; 1471 sive mechanico officio ‥ insudent sive aliis artibus vivendi et negociacionibus intendant (Pat) Foed. XI 729.  b 1392 J. P. habet wyldewar de qualibet arte supradicta IMisc 251/5.  c 1380 ars peletrie, ‥ ars bocherie Doc. Bev. xxxii; s1388 comparuerunt plures artes civitatis Londonii conquerendi causa se de pluribus injuriis Favent 17; 1427 lego communi pixidi artis mercerie London’ in sustentacionem pauperum ejusdem artis xx m. Reg. Cant. II 406; 1440 quilibet molendinarius solvat ‥ vj s. viij d., viz. dim. muro et dim. art i molendinariorum Leet Coventry 193; 1463 procuratores artis coquorum universitatis MunAcOx 701; 1451 quandam fraternitatem sive gildam artis mercatorum civitatis Dublin’ ‥ de novo ‥ facere Gild Merch. II 60; 1554 qui non sunt alicujus artis manualis Ib. 361. 3 liberal art, comprised in trivium (grammar, rhetoric, logic) and quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music). b (pl.) faculty of arts (acad.). c compendium of logic or other art. d (w. verbum) technical term. non solum artes grammaticas atque geometricas bisternasque omissas fisicae artis machinas Aldh. Ep. 5; quem cum parentes ‥ tam dialecticae artis compotem quam rethoricae artis participem fecissent Id. VirgP 36; disertos arte sophistas Id. VirgV 619; ut puer indolis librorum disceret artes Ib. 1127; canendi artem didicit Bede HE IV 22; de metrica arte Ib. V 24; de licitis artibus, arithmetica, musica et astronomia et geometria, nihil attinet dicere W. Malm. GR II 167 (cf. ib.: stellarum ‥ arte); publicas scholas professus, artem magisterii attigit Ib. 168; [filie regine Scotie] litteratoriam artem edidicerunt Ord. Vit. VIII 22 p. 399; cum artium multa sint genera, ingenio philosophantis animi prime omnium liberales occurrunt. he quidem omnes aut trivii aut quadrivii ratione clauduntur J. Sal. Met. 839C; oratores ‥ curantes artis precepta servare W. Fitzst. Thom. prol. 9; artes ingenue sunt septem lumina mundi Neckam DS X 37; inter liberales artes invigilare desiderans audiat ‥ cathegorias Aristotilis Id. Sac. 373; in humanis operibus ‥ ad perfectionem deductiones sunt artes septene Gros. 1; c1250 nec licet alicui suprascriptorum, invito domino et nesciente, filios suos arte clericali informare Cart. Rams. I 466; dicuntur artes liberales vel quia liberant homines a curis temporalibus vel quia tantummodo liberi et nobiles solent eas adiscere Bacon XV 194; 1432 pertransibat usque ‥ tabernaculum domine Sapiencie ‥, ubi ‥ videbat ipsam dominam ‥ sedentem in ‥ consistorio septem scienciarum liberalium, quarum quelibet secum habebat famosissimum preceptorem artis sue . ‥ in hoc tabernaculo Musica cum Boecio practicam artis sue per diversorum instrumentorum modulamina propalabant [sic] (J. Carpenter) MGL III 460–1; 14‥ [volumina] ordinaria audienda sunt hec: primo sc. in veteri arte Liber Universalium Porphyrii (Stat. Glasg.) EHR XIV 251.  b laudabiliter rexerat in artibus et decretis et fuit cancellarius Oxonie Eccleston Adv. Min. 64 (insertion) (cf. ib.: magister artium); 1253 universitas Oxonie corroborat quod nullus ‥ incipiat in theologia nisi prius rexerit in artibus in aliqua universitate StatOx 49; commissarii ordinaverunt quod ‥ hac vice frater T. inciperet [in theologia] non obstante impedimento objecto eidem, sc. quod in artibus non rexerit Ad. Marsh Ep. 192 p. 346; 1325 quod facultas arcium plene deliberet de tractandis in congregatione generali MunAcOx 117; 1340 nullus licencietur ‥ ad incipiendum in artibus nisi prius juret se legisse duos libros logicales ad minus Ib. 142; 1358 dans intellegere quasi ij essent sophiste qui student in artibus Ib. 211; a1350 ordinatum est quod nullus magistrorum quemquam ad lecturam alicujus libri facultatis arcium presentare presumat nisi presentandus se artes ad minus per quadriennium audisse in scolis ubi viget ejusdem facultatis studium generale proprio firmaverit juramento StatOx 24; 1431 septem artes liberales et tres philosophie ‥ a magistris arcium ‥ pro forma scolarium legantur Ib. 235; 1549 ne ulli ad scholas dialectices sive artium recipiantur nisi qui Latine et grammatice loquuntur Conc. Scot. II 105.  c 10‥ Ars Sedulii (Catal. librorum) EHR XXXII 389; nec in transitu vel semel dialecticorum attigi scripta que vel in artibus vel in commentariis aut glosematibus scientiam pariunt aut retinent aut reformant J. Sal. Met. 889A.  d est ex usu et artis verbis equivocatio cum alterius in usu loquendi, alterius ad artem docendi fit eadem appellatio, ut exemplum’‥ Balsh. AD 42. 4 art of government or guidance. ars artium est: si placere vis, frequenter dato J. Sal. Pol. 487D; in nave gubernanda necessaria videtur ars moderandi; quanto magis in regno regendo Gir. PI I 19 p. 105; 1237 cum ‘ars artium’, teste B. Gregorio [Greg. Reg. Past. I i], sit regimen animarum, non cessat antiquus sophista sua girare volumina fraudis ‥ , quo valeat concludere hujus artis discipulos Conc. Syn. 250. 5 forbidden or black art. doctus in horrenda sceleratorum arte magorum Aldh. VirgV 1855; per incantationes vel fylacteria vel alia quaelibet demonicae artis arcana (V. Cuthb.) Bede HE IV 25; ad artis demoniace deliramenta declinasti W. Cant. Mir. Thom. V 11; magicas Medee curret ad artes D. Bec. 1964; multi libri cavendi sunt propter carmina ‥ et hujusmodi, quia pure magici sunt, ut Liber De Officiis Spirituum ‥ et liber De Arte Notoria, qui nec artis nec nature continent potestatem sed figmenta magicorum Bacon NM 532; 1331 invenerunt ‥ quosdam ‥ operando circa invocaciones malorum spirituum et de aliis artibus nigromancie SelCKB V 54; non videmus aliquid mutacionis in aliqua creatura que est sic exorcizata nisi per falsam fidem, quod est principale artis diabolice (Concl. Loll. XII 5) Ziz. 362.

ars, (6) artis, f. ¶ 1 talent, savoir-faire, habileté, art : ars et malitia alicujus Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 135, savoir-faire et malignité de qqn ; arte quadam præditus ad libidines adulescentulorum excitandas accommodata Cic. Clu. 36, ayant une adresse toute spéciale pour éveiller les passions de la première jeunesse ; plus artis quam fidei adhibere Liv. 3, 10, 10, mettre en œuvre plus dʼhabileté que de bonne foi ; arte Punica Liv. 25, 39, 1, avec lʼhabileté des Carthaginois || dʼoù artēs : a) [en gén.] talents, qualités : Cic. Pomp. 36 ; Fin. 2, 115 ; Sall. C. 9, 3 ; in consule nostro multæ bonæque artes animi et corporis erant Sall. J. 28, 5, notre consul avait beaucoup de qualités intellectuelles et physiques ; artes militares, imperatoriæ Liv. 25, 19, 12, qualités qui font le soldat, le général ; b) [sens moral] : bonæ artes Sall. C. 11, 2 ; J. 4, 7, etc., les bonnes qualités, les vertus, les bons principes dʼaction, le bien ; bonarum artium magistri Cic. CM 29, ceux qui enseignent les vertus ; malæ artes, les mauvaises qualités, les manifestations dʼune habileté mauvaise, mauvaise ligne de conduite, les vices, le mal : Sall. C. 3, 4 ; J. 41, 1 ; Liv. 2, 9, 7 ; 23, 2, 2 ; (Mucianus) malis bonisque artibus mixtus Tac. H. 1, 10, (Mucien) mélange de mauvaises et de bonnes qualités ; c) manifestations du savoir-faire, moyens, procédés, ligne de conduite : imperium facile eis artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est Sall. C. 2, 4, la puissance se conserve aisément par les moyens (les pratiques) qui ont servi dans le principe à lʼacquérir ; artibus Fabii bellum gerebat Liv. 22, 24, 10, il guerroyait suivant la tactique de Fabius ; nec Hannibalem fefellit suis se artibus peti Liv. 22, 16, 5, il nʼéchappa pas à Hannibal quʼon lʼattaquait avec ses propres armes, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 81 ; Fam. 2, 4, 2 ¶ 2 ce à quoi sʼapplique le talent, le savoir faire ; métier, profession ; art, science : opifices omnes in sordida arte versantur Cic. Off. 1, 150, tous les artisans pratiquent un métier bas ; minime artes eæ probandæ, quæ ministræ sunt voluptatum « cetarii, lanii, coqui... » Cic. Off. 1, 150, les métiers les moins louables sont ceux qui se mettent au service des plaisirs, tels les poissonniers, les bouchers, les cuisiniers... ; pictura et fabrica ceteræque artes Cic. Nat. 2, 35, la peinture, lʼarchitecture et tous les autres arts ; ars dicendi Cic. de Or. 1, 66, lʼart de la parole, de lʼéloquence ; divinationis Cic. Nat. 2, 166, lʼart de la divination ; eruditissimorum hominum artibus eloquentiam contineri statuo Cic. de Or. 1, 5, je suis dʼavis que lʼéloquence repose sur lʼensemble des connaissances que possèdent les hommes les plus instruits ; artes honestæ Cic. Br. 213 ; ingenuæ Cic. de Or. 1, 73 ; liberales Cic. Inv. 1, 35, connaissances libérales, culture libérale, beaux-arts, belles-lettres ; artem profiteri Cic. Tusc. 2, 12 ; Planc. 62, etc., faire profession dʼun art, dʼune science ; in arte se exercere Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, sʼexercer dans un art, une science ; artem scire Cic. Tusc. 5, 8 [ Liv. 30, 37, 9 ] ; nosse Cic. de Or. 1, 215, savoir un art ; discere Cic. CM 78 ; Rep. 1, 33, apprendre un art, une science ; tractare Cic. de Or. 3, 86, exercer un art, pratiquer une science ¶ 3 connaissances techniques, théorie, corps de doctrine, système, art : ceterarum rerum studia et doctrina et præceptis et arte constare Cic. Arch. 18, [nous savons] que toutes les autres études supposent un enseignement, des leçons, un art ; etiamsi ingeniis atque arte valeant Cic. de Or. 1, 115, quand même ils seraient remarquables par les dons naturels et les connaissances théoriques || [en part.] traité : ars rhetorica Cic. Or. 114, traité de rhétorique, rhétorique, cf. Fin. 4, 7 ; rhetorum artes Cic. Fin. 3, 4, les traités des rhéteurs ; scriptores artis Cic. de Or. 1, 91 ; 1, 113, etc., auteurs de traités [de rhétorique] ; quicumque artem sacrificandi conscriptam haberet Liv. 25, 1, 12, quiconque aurait un traité rédigé concernant les sacrifices || art, habileté technique : ars cum copia certat Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, [œuvre dans laquelle] lʼart le dispute à la richesse ; Victoriæ summa arte perfectæ Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 103, des Victoires, œuvre dʼun art consommé || au pl., productions de lʼart, œuvres dʼart : Cic. Leg. 2, 4 ; Hor. O. 4, 8, 5 ; Ep. 1, 6, 17 ; 2, 1, 242.

➳ un nominatif artis dʼaprès Virg. Gramm. 5, p. 38, 6.

ars , artis. f.
藝。業。法。詭。Ingenuae artes 六藝。Centum puer artium 大能幹之幼童。

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ars artis, f

• 1 AR-, practical skill: manus et ars: arte laboratae vestes, V.— Esp., skill in a special pursuit, a profession, business, art: musica, poetry, T.: magica, V.: (artes) militares et imperatoriae, L.: civiles, politics, Ta.: dicendi, oratory: belli, L.: arte canere, O.— Poet.: artes Infra se positas, i. e. inferior ability, H.—Science, learning, knowledge: Graecae: optimae, N.: inventor artium (Mercurius), Cs.— Theory, general principles: alqd ad artem et ad praecepta revocare.—A work of art: exquisitae: clipeus, Didymaonis artes, V.: Quas (artīs) Parrhasius protulit, H.— Conduct, practice, character: veteres revocavit artīs, ancient virtues, H.: artis bonae fama, S.: artes eximiae: Nihil istac opus est arte, sed eis ... Fide et taciturnitate, the service I want is not cookery, but, etc., T.: artium Gratarum facies, charming manners, H.— Cunning, artifice, stratagem, trick, fraud, deceit: arte tractare virum, T.: capti arte, L.: novas artīs versare, V.: nocendi, means, V.: dolosae, O.: arte ducis elusi, Ta.—An elementary treatise, instruction-book: praecepta in artibus relinquere: artem scindes Theodori, Iu.