bonus

omnia mea bona
all my possessions

bonus , a, um: (adj.), good, in every sense, freq.; friendly, kind, 1.195; fit, valuable, proper, 5.483; skillful, expert, able, nimble, 5.430; auspicious, propitious, 1.734; subst., bonum, ī, n., a good thing; good; blessing, happiness; comp., melior, ius, better, freq.; superior, 5.68; greater, 9.156; subst., melius, ōris, n., a better thing; melius est, it is better; in melius, for the better; to a better state, 11.426; meliōra, um, better things, 12.153; superl., optimus, a, um, best, freq. For the adv. melius, see bene.

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Müll.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence δείδω, δέος], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. μάλα, μᾶλλον], better; sup. optimus (optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root op of ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

• I Attributively.
• • A As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
  • • 1 Vir bonus.
    • • • α A man morally good (καλὸς κἀγαθός): quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60 (1233): omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28: ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem, id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 8, 23: sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus, id. Off. 3, 15, 64: qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc. ... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus, id. Lael. 5, 19: non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro, id. Att. 7, 2, 4: ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12: nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior, id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
        • β An honest man: justitia, ex quā viri boni nominantur, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71; 3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset, id. ib. 3, 19, 77: quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate, id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
        • γ A man of good standing in the community: id viri boni arbitratu deducetur, Cato R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149: tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet, Dig. 17, 1, 35; 37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55: vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men: praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt, Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
        • δ Ironically of bad men: sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52 (1331); Ter. Eun. 918; 660; id. Ad. 476: expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur, Cic. Cael. 26, 63: nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est, id. Agr. 3, 3, 13; so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir! Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1 (954); id. Curc. 5, 2, 12 (610); id. Ps. 4, 7, 48 (1150); id. Pers. 5, 2, 11 (787); Ter. And. 616; 846; id. Ad. 556; id. Eun. 850: quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas? Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
        • ε Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.): bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi? Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
        • ζ As a conventional courtesy: homines optimi non intellegunt, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25: bone accusator, id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58: sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus, gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
    • 2 Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3: in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14 (475).—
    • 3 With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence: bonus consul, Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4): boni tribuni plebis, Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25: bonus senator, id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37: senator bonus, id. Dom. 4, 8: bonus judex, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34: bonus augur (ironically), id. Phil. 2, 32, 80: bonus vates, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27 (901): bonus imperator, Sall. C. 60, 4: bonus dux, Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.: naturam, optimam ducem, the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5): bonus miles, Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5: bonus orator, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10: optimus orator, id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3: poëta bonus, id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10: scriptor bonus, Quint. 10, 1, 104: bonus advocatus, id. 5, 13, 10: bonus defensor, id. 5, 13, 3: bonus altercator, a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10: bonus praeceptor, id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22: bonus gubernator, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 31, 100: optimus opifex, Hor. S. 1, 3, 133: sutor bonus, id. ib. 1, 3, 125: actor optimus, Cic. Sest. 57, 122: cantor optimus est modulator, Hor. S. 1, 3, 130: melior gladiator, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56: bonus paterfamilias, a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1: bonus servus, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58 (1065); id. Am. 2, 1, 46 (596); id. Men. 5, 6, 1 (966); Cic. Mil. 22, 58: dominus bonus, Cato R. R. 14: bonus custos, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38 (812).—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 287: filius bonus, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9 (992): patres, Quint. 11, 3, 178: parens, id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15: uxor melior, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: amicus, id. Fam. 2, 15, 3: amicus optimus, Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18 (580): optimus testis, Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2: auctor, in two senses, good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3; and = bonus scriptor (post-class.), Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.: bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publicā ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eādem continere, id. ib. 2, 23, 83: eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum, Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15 (67); Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch: optimus et fortissimus civis, Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
    • 4 Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
    • • • α In gen.: sed te bonus Mercurius perdat, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23 (239): fata... bonique divi, Hor. C. 4, 2, 38: divis orte bonis, id. ib. 4, 5, 1: O bone deus! Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
        • β Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter: (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc., id. ib. 3, 36, 87: in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi, id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22: nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi, id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
        • γ Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise: di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac! Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16 (541): di boni, boni quid porto! Ter. And. 338: di boni, quid hoc morbi est, id. Eun. 225; id. Heaut. 254; id. Ad. 440: alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat! Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
        • δ Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
    • 5 Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
    • • • α Vir optimus: per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur, Cic. Sest. 1, 2: virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium, id. ib. 35, 76: fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum, id. ib.: consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos, id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
        • β Femina bona, optima: tua conjunx bona femina, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16: hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater, id. ib.—
        • γ Senex, pater, frater, etc.: optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis, Cic. Planc. 41, 97: insuevit pater optimus hoc me, Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12: C. Marcelli, fratris optimi, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
        • δ With proper names (poet.): optimus Vergilius, Hor. S. 1, 6, 54: Maecenas optimus, id. ib. 1, 5, 27: optime Quinti, id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
        • ε Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors: quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen? Plin. Pan. 2, 7: gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps! Sen. Tranq. 14, 4: ex epistulā optimi imperatoris Antonini, Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.: bene te patriae pater optime Caesar, Ov. F. 2, 637: optime Romulae Custos gentis, Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
    • 6 Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
    • • • α Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22): Bonae Deae pulvinaribus, Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf. in mal. part., Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
        • β Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm.29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
        • γ Bona Fortuna: si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 22 (100): Bonae Fortunae (signum), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7: FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE, Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq.—
        • δ Bona Spes: Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12 (231): BONAE SPEI, Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
        • ε BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.: Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono, Prop. 3, 24, 19.
  • B With nouns denoting things.
  • • 1 Things concrete, denoting excellence: navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma, Sen. Ep. 76, 13: gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc., id. ib. 76, 14: id vinum erit lene et bono colore, Cato R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9: tabulas... collocare in bono lumine, Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quāvis oleā oleum ... bonum fieri potest. Cato R. R. 3: per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato, id. ib. 73; cf.: bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine, Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28: praedium bonum caelum habeat, good temperature, Cato R. R. 1: bonā tempestate, in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4: (praedium) solo bono valeat, by good soil, Cato R. R. 1: bonae (aedes) cum curantur male, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24 (107): villam bonam, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55: bonus pons, Cat. 17, 5: scyphi optimi (= optime facti), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32: perbona toreumata, id. ib. 2, 4, 18, § 38: bona domicilia, comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95: agrum Meliorem nemo habet, Ter. Heaut. 64: fundum meliorem, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14: equus melior, id. Inv. 1, 31, 52: bona cena, Cat. 13, 3: boni nummi, good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144 (734); Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91: super omnia vultus accessere boni, good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678: mulier bonā formā, of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 524: equus formae melioris, Hor. S. 2, 7, 52: tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur, fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33: fruges bonae, Cat. 34, 19: ova suci melioris, of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.: animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71 (401): bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.: bonum omen, 2. e.), Quint. 6, 3, 69: scio te bonā esse voce, ne clama nimis, good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43 (574); so, bona firmaque vox, Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
    • 2 Things abstract.
    • • a Of physical well-being: ut si qui neget sine bonā valetudine posse bene vivi, Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.: non bonus somnus de prandio est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8 (697): bona aetas, prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48: optimā aetate, id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically: bonā, inquis, aetate, etc., Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
      • b Of the mind and soul: meliore esse sensu, Cic. Sest. 21, 47: optima indoles, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61: bona conscientia, Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5: bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo, with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91 (300); id. Stich. 1, 2, 59 (116); Sall. C. 10, 5: mens melior, Ter. Ad. 432; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31: duos optimae indolis filios, Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5: bonum consilium, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6 (340); id. Rud. 4, 3, 18 (955); Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121: bona voluntas, a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31: memoria bona, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2: bona ratio cum perditā... confligit, id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: bonae rationes, Ter. Ad. 836: pronuntiatio bona, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
      • c Of moral relations: ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71 (227); Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1; v. e. infra): si ego in causā tam bonā cessi tribuni plebis furori, Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220: fac, sis, bonae frugi sies, of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35 (521); id. Cas. 2, 4, 5 (283); 2, 5, 19 (327); id. Ps. 1, 5, 53 (467); id. Truc. 1, 1, 13 (34); id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 (956) sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. β.): vilicus disciplinā bonā utatur. Cato R. R. 5: bona studia, moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25: quidquid vitā meliore parasti, Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises: Juppiter, te bonas preces precor, Cato R. R. 134; 139.—
      • d Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness: bono usui estis nulli, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15 (501): Optumo optume optumam operam das, id. Am. 1, 1, 122 (274): bonam dedistis mihi operam, a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 3, 3, 70 (684); 3, 6, 11 (806); id. Pers. 4, 7, 11 (721); id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (849) (in a different sense: me bonā operā aut malā Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102 (104); v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121: bonum otium, valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1: bonis versibus, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 23, 74: versus meliores, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81 (707): meliora poemata, Hor. A. P. 303: in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optimā, Cic. Or. 8, 26: optimas fabulas, id. Off. 1, 31, 114: melius munus, id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
      • e Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate: de Procilio rumores non boni, unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5: bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est, about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1: si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortunā, id. Pis. 29, 71; cf. fortunā optimā esse, to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2: occasio tam bona, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9 (439): senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulescens cum, etc., Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32: bona navigatio, id. N. D. 3, 34, 83; esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.: ego sum spe bonā, Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16: optimā spe, id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1; v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa, more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6: melior interpretatio, Tac. H. 3, 65: cum laude et bonis recordationibus, id. A. 4, 38: amnis Doctus iter melius, i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68: omen bonum, a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf. Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen, Ov. F. 1, 221; optimum, Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2: bona scaeva, Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24 (672): auspicio optumo, id. ib. 3, 2, 6 (459); cf.: memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore, Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
      • f Of public affairs, si mihi bonā re publicā frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93: optima res publica, id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19: minus bonis temporibus, id. Dom. 4, 8; so, optimis temporibus, id. Sest. 3, 6: nostrae res meliore loco videbantur, id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1: lex optima, id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19.—
      • g Good = large, considerable: bono atque amplo lucro, Plaut. Am. prol. 6: bona librorum copia, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.: bona copia cornu, Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. γ.—
      • h Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35 (212); so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4 (107); 2, 1, 3 (168); id. Pers. 4, 4, 94 (652): si bono genere natus sit, Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
      • k Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
      • • α Bonā veniā or cum bonā veniā, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bonā veniā orare, expetere, etc.: primum abs te hoc bonā veniā expeto, Ter. Phorm. 378: bonā tuā veniā dixerim, Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34: orāvit bonā veniā Quirites, ne, etc., Liv. 7, 41, 3: obsecro vos.. bonā veniā vestrā liceat, etc., id. 6, 40, 10: cum bonā veniā quaeso audiatis, etc., id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = veniā bonā oro, Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
        • β Bona pax, without quarrelling: bona pax sit potius, let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7 (189); so especially cum bonā pace, or bonā pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bonā pace incolentium... pervenit, without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
        • γ Amicitia bona = bonā fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship: igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit, Sall. J. 5, 5.—
        • δ Bona societas, alliance: Segestes, memoriā bonae societatis, impavidus, Tac. A. 1, 58.
  • C In particular phrases.
  • • 1 Bonae res.
    • • a = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete: concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87: optimis rebus usus est, he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
      • b = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity: bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45 (446): in bonis rebus, Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
      • c Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth (poet.): in re bonā esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value: homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla, who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
      • d Costly things, articles of luxury: capere urbem in Arabiā plenam bonarum rerum, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46 (515); 4, 4, 82 (640): nimium rei bonae, id. Stich. 2, 2, 55 (379): ignorantia bonarum rerum, Nep. Ages. 8, 5: bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110: re bonā copiosum esse, Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
      • e Moral, morally good: illi cum res non bonas tractent, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 33, 72: ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent, id. ib. 1, 4, 15: quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati? id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58: quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus, id. Sen. 18, 65.—
      • f In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions: res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat? Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8: studiis generorum, praesertim in re bonā, Lael. 8, 26.—
    • 2 Bonae artes.
    • • • α A good, laudable way of dealing: qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit, Sall. C. 2, 9: huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit, id. ib. 11, 2: quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat, Tac. A. 6, 46.—
        • β Liberal arts and sciences: litteris aut ulli bonae arti, Quint. 12, 1, 7: conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum, Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.: optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
    • 3 Bona fides, or fides bona.
    • • a Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bonā solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato R. R. 14: dic, bonā fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti? Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46 (776); 4, 10, 47 (777); id. Capt. 4, 2, 111 (891); id. Most. 3, 1, 137 (668); id. Poen. 1, 3, 30 (439); id. Pers. 4, 3, 16 (485); id. Ps. 4, 6, 33 (1095): si tibi optimā fide omnia concessit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
      • b Jurid. t. t.
      • • α Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another: ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bonā fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2; 41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos, ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one’s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
        • β Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity: actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc., Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bonā, or, in full: quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bonā, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66: iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bonā, id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
    • 4 Bona verba.
    • • • α Kind words: Bona verba quaeso, Ter. And. 204.—
        • β Words of good omen (v. omen): dicamus bona verba, Tib. 2, 2, 1: dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero, Ov. F. 2, 638.—
        • γ Elegant or well-chosen expressions: quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis, Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51: verborum bonorum cursu, id. Brut. 66, 233: omnia verba sunt alicubi optima, Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
        • δ Moral sayings: non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
    • 5 Bona dicta.
    • • • α Polite, courteous language: hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis, Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
        • β Witticisms (bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222: dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22 (482): ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus, id. Stich. 2, 2, 75 (399).—
    • 6 Bona facta.
    • • • α = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds: nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant), Tac. A. 3, 40.—
        • β Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.): bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea, Plaut. Poen. prol. 16: haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit, id. ib. 45.— Hence,
        • γ Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well: peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit, Suet. Caes. 80: et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius ... usquam esset, id. Vit. 14: hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus, Aur. Vict. 49; cf.: o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum, Tert. Pud. 1.—
    • 7 Bona gratia.
    • • • α A friendly understanding: cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bonā Ut componantur gratiā quam cum malā? Ter. Phorm. 622; so, per gratiam bonam abire, to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33 (1126).—In jest: sine bonā gratiā abire, of things cast away, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 15 (565).—
        • β Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32 (489); id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99 (940).—
    • 8 Bona pars.
    • • • α The well-disposed part of a body of persons: ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit, Liv. 21, 4, 1: pars melior senatūs ad meliora responsa trahere, id. 7, 21, 6.—
        • β The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.): civem bonarum partium, Cic. Sest. 32, 77: (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando, id. Cael. 6, 13: qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam, Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publicā tam quam in scaenā optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
        • γ Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal): bonam partem ad te adtulit, Ter. Eun. 123: bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam, Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14: bonam magnamque partem exercitūs, Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4: bona pars noctium, Quint. 12, 11, 19: bona pars hominum, Hor. S. 1, 1, 61: meae vocis... bona pars, id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74: melior pars diei, Verg. A. 9, 156.—
        • δ Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot: nostri melior pars animus est, Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.: quae pars optima est in homine, best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67: major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit, Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1: Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab eā, Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
        • ε Adverb.: bonam partem = ex magnā parte, Lucr. 6, 1249.—
        • ζ Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably: Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit, id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3: quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
    • 9 Dies bonus or bona.
    • • • α A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus): tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc., Plaut. Poen. 2, 49 (497): nunc dicenda bonā sunt bona verba die, Ov. F. 1, 72.—
        • β A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
    • 10 Bonus mos.
    • • • α Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits: nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56: nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6 (28): domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur, Sall. C. 9, 1: propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores, Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13: cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint, Liv. 34, 6, 9: mores meliores, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18 (492).—
        • β Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4 (198): ex optimo more et sanctissimā disciplinā, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69: neglegentia boni moris, Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.: conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores, in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
    • 11 Adverbial phrases.
    • • a Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
      • • α To be of good cheer or courage: bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 33 (531); so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61 (791); id. Mil. 4, 8, 32 (1342); id. Rud. 3, 3, 17 (680); Ter. Eun. 84; id. Heaut. 822; id. Ad. 284; 511; 543; 696; id. Phorm. 965: animo bono es, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103 (332); id. Am. 2, 2, 48 (680); 5, 2, 1 (1131): bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi, Varr. R. R. 1, 26: bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares, Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29: bono animo esse jubere eam consul, Liv. 39, 13, 7: habe modo bonum animum, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58 (167); so id. Am. 1, 3, 47 (545); id. Truc. 2, 6, 44 (525); id. Aul. 2, 2, 15 (192): habe animum bonum, id. Cas. 2, 6, 35 (387); id. Ep. 2, 2, 1 (181); 4, 2, 31 (600): bonum animum habe, Liv. 45, 8, 5: clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet, id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
        • β Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions: audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc., Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2: bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc., id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56: quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur, Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
        • γ Bonus animus, good temper, patience: bonus animus in malā re dimidium mali est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37 (451): vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis, Ov. M. 9, 433.—
      • b Bono modo.
      • • α = placide, with composure, moderation: si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxā bono modo vindicet, Cato R. R. 5: haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 44, 137.—
        • β In a decent manner: neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62 (1023). —
      • c Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right: te ipse jure optumo incuses licet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23 (712); id. Rud. 2, 6, 53 (537): ut jure optimo me deserere posses, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly: ne jure optimo irrideamur, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4; similarly, optimo judicio, Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
• II As subst.
• • A bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
  • • 1 In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. β, supra, a morally good man.
    • • • α Plur.: bonis quod bene fit haud perit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2 (939); id. Capt. 2, 2, 108 (358); id. Trin. 2, 1, 55 (277); id. Pers. 4, 5, 2 (674): melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71: verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam, id. Lael. 14, 50: diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere, Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22: oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52: tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes, Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, ārum, f., good women: quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc., Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41 (79).—
        • β Sing.: malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8 (283): nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest, Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.: qui meliorem audax vocet in jus, Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
    • 2 Bonus, a man of honor.
    • • • α A brave man: pro quā (patriā) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus? Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57: libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum animā simul amittat, Sall. C. 33, 5: fortes creantur fortibus et bonis, Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi): famā impari boni atque ignavi erant, Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
        • β A gentleman: quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas ... in medium protulit? Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
    • 3 Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
    • • • α In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.; so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant, Cic. Sest. 16, 38: audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc., id. ib. 47, 100: ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi, id. Pis. 2, 4: etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt, id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43: maledictis increpat omnes bonos, Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so, optimi, Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich: bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum, id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
        • β Without reference to political views; opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22 (297): semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident, Sall. C. 37, 3: elatus est sine ullā pompā funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maximā vulgi frequentiā, Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one’s betters: ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13 (627): da locum melioribus, Ter. Phorm. 521.—
    • 4 Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
    • 5 Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
    • • • α Referring to morality: esse aliquid naturā pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur, every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43: qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur, id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best: quare deus optimum quemque malā valetudine adficit? Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
        • β Of the educated classes: adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85: Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit, Sall. C. 34, 2: optimo cuique infesta libertas, Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
        • γ Honorable, brave: optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri, Sall. J. 92, 8.—
        • δ In gen., excellent: optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat, Sall. C. 8, 5.—
        • ε Distributively: ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur, to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
        • ζ Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.): hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
        • η Attributively, with a noun: optimam quamque causam, Cic. Sest. 43, 93: optima quaeque dies, Verg. G. 3, 66.

bonus (arch. duonus, s. S. 852), a, um, Compar. melior, -ius, Genet. -ōris, Superl. optimus (v. opto), a, um, gut seiner Natur u. seinem Wesen nach (Ggstz. malus), fast in allen Beziehungen entsprechend dem griech. ἀγαθός (Ggstz. κακός), I) adi.: A) gut sowohl in physischer als auch in geistiger Hinsicht, trefflich, tüchtig, brav u. dgl., 1) an sich gut, bonae aedes, boni postes, Plaut.: nummi boni (Ggstz. nummi adulterini), Cic.: calamus, Cic.: agrum meliorem in his regionibus habet nemo, Ter.: optimum argentum, vortrefflich gearbeitetes, Cic. – vox, Quint.: bonā esse voce, Plaut. – memoria (Gedächtnis) b., Cic.: si meliore memoriā es, velim scire, ecquid de te recordere, Ter. – bona carmina (Ggstz. mala c.), Hor.: verba suā naturā bona aut mala (versch. v. bona verba unten no. I, A, 2, l), Cic.: verba valde bona, Cic.: bona dicta, Witze, Enn. fr.: scripta optima Graecorum, Hor.: omnia meliora facere, vervollkommnen, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1. – ars b., artes b., lobenswerte-, edle Eigenschaft, -Eigenschaften, Sing. b. Quint., Plur. b. Sall. u. Tac. (vgl. Spalding Quint. 12, 1, 7). – bonae res, das Gute (Ggstz. aliena ac nihil profutura), Sall. Iug. 1, 5. – adulescentes bonā indole praediti, Cic.: vir egregio ingenio bonisque omnibus disciplinis, Gell. – optimum est! vortrefflich! Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 696).

Insbes.: a) = καλός der äußern Erscheinung nach gut, hübsch, schön, forma bona, Ter. u. Varr., melior, Hor.: cervix b., Suet.: M. Lepidus iuvenis formā, quam mente melior, Vell.: mulier bona aspectu, Ambros. ep. 27. no. 16. – b) von Geburt gut, von guter Abkunft, vornehm, angesehen, auch mit ethischem Nebenbegr. des Rechtlichen, Achtungswerten, wie honett, bono genere natus, Plaut. u. Cic. u. (Ggstz. malo genere natus) Cornif. rhet.: illam civem esse Atticam, bonis prognatam, honetter Leute Kind, Ter. – c) zum Geschäft gut, tüchtig, geschickt, brav, wacker, α) übh.: gubernator, gladiator, imperator, Cic.: dux, Ov.: poëta, Cic.: non boni, sed imperiti medici, Cels.: übtr., stilus optimus et praestantissimus dicendi magister, Cic. – m. Abl., hic iaculo bonus, hic longe fallente sagittā, Verg.: et proelio strenuus erat et consilio bonus, Sall. (vgl. im folg. pace belloque b.). – u. bonus (geschickt, kundig) m. Infin., Verg. ecl. 5, 1. Val. Flacc. 1, 438. Sil. 14, 453: u. so so melior (geeigneter, brauchbarer, tüchtiger) m. Infin., Pers. 4, 16. Lucan. 8, 381. Sil. 1, 681. Val. Flacc. 1, 424. Claud. IV. cons. Hon. 541; de nupt. Hon. et Mar. 314: u. optimus m. Infin., Stat. silv. 2, 3, 70. – subst., boni, tüchtige Männer, Cic. Tusc. 1, 110. – β) zum Kampfe, im Kriege tüchtig, wacker, brav (Ggstz. malus, ignavus, s. Dietsch Sall. Iug. 86, 3), meist subst., iuxta boni malique, strenui et imbelles inulti obtruncari, Sall.: pari periculo, sed famā impari boni atque ignavi erant, Sall.: optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari, Sall. – m. Abl., vir pace belloque b., Liv.: bonus militiā, Tac.: bello meliores (Ggstz. rudes), Sall.: Pisidae optimi bello, Liv. Vgl. Fabri Sall. Iug. 13, 1. Drak. Liv. 4, 2, 2. Kießl. Tac. ann. 1, 3.

2) in bezug auf die Empfindung, das Befinden, die Lage jmds., gut, trefflich, frisch, gesund, angenehm, günstig, glücklich, a) v. phys.. u. geistigen Befinden, gut, trefflich, gesund, valetudo bona, Cic., optima, Caes. – mens b., vernünftiger, gesunder Verstand (Ggstz. furor), Liv. u.a.: numquid vis? D. mentem vobis meliorem dari, Ter. – animus b., ein ruhiger, gelassener Sinn, Plaut.: bono animo esse, guten Mutes sein, Cic. u.a. (bes. oft es bono animo u. bono animo es, sei guten Muts, Komik., Varr. u. Apul.; s. Hildebr. Apul. met. 7, 12. p. 567): bonum animum (Mut) habere, Liv., de Numidia, Sall. – b) v. phys. Eigenschaften u. Zuständen, gut, frisch, gesund, color (Gesichtsfarbe), Lucr. u. (Ggstz. malus) Ov.: melior sanguis (Jugendblut) dabat, Verg.: aetas bona, das frische Alter = die Jugend (Ggstz. aetas mala), Cic. u. (der Tiere) Varr. – v. Lust u. Witterung, caelum b., Cato: bona et certa tempestas, Cic.: tempestas melior, via peior, Hor. – c) v. Örtl.: Th. Non in loco emit perbono has (aedes)? Tr. Immo optimo. Plaut.: amnis doctus iter melius, Hor. – d) v. unschädlichen Dingen, gesund, heilsam, unschädlich, vinum, Cels.: aquae, Prop. – e) v. den Sinnen angenehmen Dingen, gut, köstlich, edel, regio rebus opima bonis, Lucr.: bonis rebus explere, Lucr.: optimis rebus uti, in jeder Hinsicht auf das beste (feinste) eingerichtet sein, Nep. – grandi pecuniā et re bonā multā (mit vielen Kostbarkeiten) copiosus, Gell. – optima quaedam (Ggstz. vilia et minuta), Plin. ep. 2, 6, 2. – insbes., bonae res, wie τὰ ἀγαθά, köstliche Sachen, d.i. köstliche Salben, Leckerbissen, Delikatessen, Nep.: cena b., Catull.: cenarum bonarum assectator, Sen. – f) v. Nachrichten u. Gerüchten, gut, angenehm, günstig, nuntii b., Plaut.: bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est, Cic. – g) v. Gesinnung u. Denkart, et quorum melior sententia menti, Verg. – h) v. Lebens-u. Gemütszuständen, fama b. (ἐυδοξία), guter Ruf, Cic. (vgl. fama): optimae opinionis vir, ICt. – cum bona gratia, s. grātia. – cum b. venia, u. bl. bonā veniā, s. venia. – spes b., Cic. u.a. (vgl. spes). – i) v. menschl. Handlungen, Verhältnissen u. Lagen, gut = nützlich, verdienstlich, bona facta, Tac.: exemplum b., Tac.: alcis operā optimā fortissimāque usum esse, Caes.: bonā fortique operā eorum se ad eam diem usum, Liv.: bonam operam navare adversus alqm, Aur. Vict. – od. gut = gedeihlich, günstig, glücklich, bona initia (Ggstz. mali eventus), Sall.: bonus eventus, Varr.: exitus boni, Hor.: haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus, Cic.: fata b., Hor.: fatis melioribus uti, Verg.: salutis bonae si quid, Cic.: raro simul hominibus bonam fortunam bonamque mentem dari, Liv.: b. mors, ein glücklicher, leichter Tod, Plin. ep.: b. navigatio, Cic. u. Val. Max. – bonae res, günstige, glückliche Umstände od. Lage, Glück (Ggstz. malae), Plaut., Cic. u. Liv.: res et fortunae tuae... quae quidem cotidie faciliores mihi et meliores videntur, Cic. – in bonam partem, in optimam partem accipere (vgl. accipio), Cic. – k) v. der Zeit, gut = günstig, glücklich, froh, heiter, dies b., Ov., Sen. u. Petr.: optima quaeque dies miseris mortalibus aevi prima fugit, Verg.: bona hora, Petr.: bonas horas male collocare, Mart. – endlich l) v. Vorbedeutungen u. allem, was dazu gehört, gut = Glück bringend, günstig, von guter Vorbedeutung, auspicium b., Cic.: meliore opus est auspicio, Plaut.: omine cum bono, Catull.: bona cum alite, Catull.: ite bonis avibus, Ov. – v. der Rede, dicamus bona verba, Tibull.: linguis animisque favete; nunc dicenda bono sunt bona verba die, Ov.: dah. übtr., bona verba quaeso, nur gemach! Ter. Andr. 204. – u. die Eingangsformeln: quod bonum faustum felix fortunatumque sit, Cic.: quod bonum atque fortunatum sit, Plaut.: quod bonum faustumque sit tibi domuique tuae, Caesar Auguste, Suet.: venerare, ut nobis haec habitatio bona fausta felix fortunataque evenat, Plaut. trin. 40 sq. – u. vor Edikten: bonum factum, Heil u. Glück! Suet. (vgl. die Auslgg. zu Suet. Caes. 80, 2): bonum factum, ut edicta mea servetis, wohlan denn, nehmt in Obacht usw., Plaut.

3) in bezug auf Zweck u. Gebrauch gut, d.i. tauglich, geeignet, zweckmäßig, bequem, aetas tironum plerumque melior, taugt besser, Cic. Tusc. 2, 38. – mit ad u. Akk.: terra cuiusmodi sit refert, et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit, Varr.: campi militi Romano ad proelium boni, Tac. – m. Dat., ager frugum fertilis, bonus pecori, Sall.: quia mons pecori bonus alendo erat, Liv.: civitatibus suis quidem non boni (für ihre St. nicht von Segen), sed etc., Cic. de or. 3, 139. – dah. bonum est, es hilft, Cato. – quod mihi erit bonum atque commodum, bequem u. leicht für mich, Ter. – melius est m. 2. Sup., vitatu quidque petitu sit melius, Hor. sat. 1, 4, 116. – optimus est m. 2. Sup., quist amor cultu optumus, Plaut. mil. 101: bes. optimum factu esse, Cic. ep. 7, 3, 1. Cic. II. Verr. 1, 67 u. 136; Cat. 1, 29. Caes. b.G. 4, 30, 2. Liv. 38, 22, 2. – u. bonum est (es ist gut, ersprießlich, geraten, heilsam) m. Infin., Plaut. Curc. 176. Publ. Syr. sent. 47 R²: bonum atque utile est m. Acc. u. Infin., Dict. Cret. 2, 22: u. bonum videtur m. Infin., Augustin. conf. 8, 1: u. melius est m. Infin., Cic. ep. 9, 18, 2; de legg. 3, 54: u. erit melius m. Infin. perf. act., Liv. 3, 41, 3; 3, 48, 2: u. optimum est m. Infin., Caes. b.G. 2, 10, 4: u. optimum factu videtur m. Infin., Sall. Iug. 107, 5: u. optimum videtur m. Acc. u. Infin., Liv. 3, 4, 10 u. 27, 4, 3: u. optimum factu credens od. ratus m. Infin., Sall. Cat. 32, 1; 55, 1; 57, 5: u. (id) optimum est (ist am geratensten) m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. trin. 486. Callistr. dig. 4, 2, 13: u. hoc mihi factu est optimum m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. aul. 582: u. optimum est m. bl. Konj., Plaut. Men. 947 (dazu Brix mehr Belege).

4) übtr. auf den Grad einer Menge, gut = ziemlich, nicht unbeträchtlich, ansehnlich, bona pars hominum, Hor.: bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem differre, Cic.: u. verb. bonam magnamque partem ad se attulit, Ter.: sit bona librorum copia, Hor.

B) in moral. Hinsicht gut, 1) im allg., gutartig, brav, bieder, redlich, rechtschaffen, zuverlässig, ehrenhaft, treu, ehrlich (s. Dietsch u. Fabri Sall. Iug. 5, 5), a) v. Gesinnung u. Handlungsweise, ingenio bono esse, Ter.: ob mores bonos, Cels.: bono animo in populum Rom. esse, Caes.: consilio bono, in guter Absicht, Cic.: fides b., bonā fide, s. 1. fidēs. – conscientia b., Quint., conscientia optima, Plin. ep. – bona atque honesta amicitia, Sall.: societas b., Tac.: – causa b., Cic.: ratio bona cum perdita confligit, Cic. – bona pars tui, v. Geist (Ggstz. corpus), Sen.: u. so optima pars hominis, Cic.: u. quod est optimum in nobis, Lact., u. quod in homine praestantissimum et optimum est, Cic. Vgl. Bünem. Lact. 1, 7, 13. p. 49 sq. – b) v. Pers., bonus auctor, Cic.: u. so auctor valde bonus, auctor optimus, Cic.: M. Lepidus iuvenis formā quam mente melior, Vell.: boni fidelesque socii, Liv.: in foro infimo boni homines et dites ambulant, in medio, ibi ostentatores meri, Plaut.: naturā optimus, Sen.: fecit (homines) ex malis bonos, ex bonis optimos, Capitol. – bes. oft vir bonus u. subst. bl. bonus, der brave, biedere, rechtliche, wohlgesinnte, honette Mann, der Biedermann, Ehrenmann, auch ironisch (s. Sorof Cic. de or. 2, 85. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 16. p. 171), negant quemquam esse bonum virum nisi sapientem, Cic.: hoc autem celandi genus quale sit et cuius hominis, quis non videt? certe non aperti, non simplicis, non ingenui, non iusti, non viri boni; versuti potius, obscuri, astuti, fallacis etc., Cic.: pessimus atque optimus vir, Quint.: iustis autem et fidis hominibus, id est bonis viris, ita fides habetur, ut etc., Sall.: vir gratus bonusque, Liv., od. gratus homo et vir bonus, Cic.: ipso homo melior non est, es gibt keinen braveren Mann als ihn, Petr.: tanto melior! (Ggstz. tanto nequior), wir »desto besser!« (s. Wagner Ter. heaut. 549): homines optimi, die guten (lieben) Leutchen (iron.), Cic.: viri boni est misereri, Cic. – subst. (vgl. Dietsch Sall. Iug. 42, 3), proprium est boni recte facere, Quint. 5, 10, 64: bonus tantum modo segnior fit, ubi neglegas, malus improbior, Sall.: Plur., minor vis bonis quam malis inest, Plin. ep.: boni, Ggstz. nefandi (die Ruchlosen), Ov. – u. im Voc. in der Anrede, mein guter, braver, wackerer, wie ὠγαθέ, ὠγαθοί, α) in freundlicher Anrede: dux bone, Hor.: optimi viri, Cic.: o bone, Hor. u. Pers.: bone, Hor.: boni, Hor. – β) mit Ironie: bone vir, sauberer Bursche, Plaut, u. Ter.: quid ais, bone (du sauberer) custos defensorque provinciae? Cic.: boni, ihr lieben Leutchen, Hor. Vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 951. Spengel Ter. Andr. 616. Fritzsche u. Heindorf Hor. sat. 2, 2, 1. Drak. Sil. 2, 240. – u. Bonus = Χρηστός, der »Redliche«, als Beiname des Phocion, Nep. Phoc. 1, 1.

2) insbes.: a) politisch gut-, wohlgesinnt, patriotisch gesinnt, loyal, gemeinsinnig, d.i. in Rom = aristokratisch gesinnt, in Athen usw. = demokratisch gesinnt, ut eum, quem bonum civem semper habuisset, bonum virum (rechtl. M.) esse pateretur, Cic.: bonus et fortis civis (Ggstz. aut timidus aut sibi potius consulens), Cic.: boni cives, boni viri (Ggstz. seditiosus civis), Cic.: qui ita suum consulem observavit, ut et illi quaestor bonus et vobis omnibus optimus civis videretur, Cic.: pars (Partei) melior (Ggstz. pars deterior), Liv. – subst., ein Gutgesinnter, ein Patriot, loyaler Bürger, Sing. u. Plur. b. Cic. u.a.: omnes boni, Cic.: boni complures, Sall.: fautor et cultor bonorum, Liv.: so auch optimi viri, achtbare Patrioten, Cic.: u. ironisch, etsi propediem video bonorum (Patrioten), id est lautorum et lo upletium (Leuten, die gern gut leben u. volle Beutel haben) urbem refertam fore, Cic. ad Att. 8, 1, 3. – b) sittlich gut = sittsam, keusch, tugendhaft, quid dicas, nullam mulierem bonam esse, Plaut.: femina, Cic.: virgo, coniunx, Catull.: pueri boni malique, Catull. – amor, Catull. – c) gutmütig, uneigennützig, von Hetären, die kein Geld nehmen, expedit bonas esse vobis, Ter.: at bona, quae nec avara fuit, Tibull. – d) gütig = gnädig, gewogen, gefällig, des bonus veniam, Hor.: vos Manes este boni, Verg.: di boni! als Ausruf, Komik, u. Cic. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 338): bone deus, Augustin. conf. 2, 6, 12. – hic si, quā modeste munifico esse licet, vellet bonus atque benignus esse, Hor. – m. Dat., vicinis bonus esto, Cato: sis bonus o felixque tuis, Verg. – m. in u. Akk., eo velim uti possem bono in me, Cic. – dah. als Beiname des Jupiter, Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, abgekürzt OM. (nicht Maximus Optimus, s. Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 64), Cic. u.a. – u. Bona Dea, s. bes. S. 846. – optimus zuw. noch durch Advv. gesteigert, wie: satis opt., Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 26: valde opt., Plin. Val. 3, 3: plane opt., Apul. de dogm. Plat. 2, 19: perquam optimus, Itala psalm. 22, 5 (b. Cypr. ep. 63, 12). – ➳ vulg. Genet. Sing. Femin. bone, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 1231 (a 490 p. Chr.): arch. Dat. Sing. Femin. bonai, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 54: arch. Nomin. Plur. bonei, Catull. 61, 232 Schw.: arch. Dat. Plur. boneis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1194 u. 10, 600. Plaut. Poen. 1216 cod. Ambr. – Kompar. arch. Akk. meliosem, Varr. LL. 7, 27. Paul. ex Fest. 122, 2 = 87, 25 Thewr. (nach Bugges Vorschlag): Abl. Sing. gew. meliore, doch auch meliori, Act. fr. Arv. aus dem J. 101. I. lin. 73. Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 1183 (aber Cic. Quinct. 4 Kayser und Müller meliore): arch. Dat. od. Abl. Plur. meliosibus, Paul. ex Fest. 264, 6. – Superl. auch gedehnt opitumus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1016: opitimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 2440. – Superl. bonissimus od. melissimus ungebr. nach Varr. LL. 8, 75 u. 76; doch bonissima femina, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 342*. – arch. Nbf. duōnus, Paul. ex Fest. 67, 1. Cn. Marc. carm. bei Fest. 165 (a), 30; vgl. Gloss. II, 56, 56 ›duonus, ἀγαθός‹: Genet. Plur. duonoro(m), Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 32.

II) subst., bonum, ī, n., Kompar. melius, n., 1) das Gute = die gute Beschaffenheit, der gute Zustand usw., ni vis boni in ipsa inesset forma, Ter.: in bonum vertere, sich zum Guten wenden, zum Guten ausschlagen, Caes.u. Liv.: mutare in deterius aut in melius, Sen.: mutari in melius (von Pers.), Tac.: perniciosa illorum consilia fortuna deflexit in melius, Sen.: pleraque ab saevis adulationibus aliorum in melius flexit, wußte die bessere Seite herauszukehren, Tac.: reficere in melius et in maius, verbessern u. vergrößern, Plin. ep.: it in melius valetudo principis, es geht besser mit der G. des F., Tac. – 2) wie τὸ ἀγαθόν, bonum, ī, n., u. wie τὰ ἀγαθά, Plur. bona, ōrum, n., das Gut, das Gute, a) übh. jedes phys., geistige u. moralische Gut, Glücksgut, Glück, körperl., geist. u. moral. Vorzug, Talent, Tugend, übh. alles, was gut, recht u. löblich ist (Ggstz. malum), α) Sing.: bonum breve est, Nov. fr.: sapiens et bonum ferre potest modice et malum fortiter aut leviter, Varr. fr.: aut honoribus aucti aut re familiari, aut si aliud quippiam nacti sumus fortuiti boni aut depulimus mali etc., Cic.: forma bonum fragile est, Ov.: summum bonum erae esse putabam hunc Pamphilum, Ter.: bonum tuum concoquas, genieße dein Glück, Petr.: nihil melius homini sit a dis immortalibus datum, kein größeres Gut, Cic. – bonum naturale, angeborenes Talent, Nep. – bonum mentis est virtus, Cic.: bonum tuum auge et exorna, dein Gutes (deine Vorzüge, deine Tugenden), Sen. – ius bonumque, was recht u. gut ist, Sall.: aequum et bonum u. dgl., s. aequus (oben S. 194). – summum bonum, das höchste Gut (im philosoph. Sinne), Cic.: a bono honestoque in pravum abstrahi, Sall.: boni honestique sectator, Dict. – bonum! als Ausruf, etwa »du meine Güte!« Apul. met. 10, 16. – β) Plur.: tria genera bonorum: maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, Cic.: bona malaque corporis, Suet.: bona animi, Cic., Sen. u.a. (Ggstz. bona corporis et externa, Sall.): bona aut mala, Vorzüge oder Fehler, Sall.: aber bona malaque vestra, euer Wohl und Wehe, Tac.: acer bonorum et vitiorum suorum iudex, Cic.: ingenii multa bona, Sall.: eloquentiae, ingenii studiique bona, Quint.: bona pacis, Tac. – mala fugere, sequi bona, Cic. – dividere bona diversis, Gutes vom Schädlichen trennen, Hor.: omnes omnia bona dicere, sie sagten alles Gute von mir, Ter. Andr. 97: bona omnia optare od. precari alci, lauter Heil u. Segen, Plaud. rud. 639. Liv. 24, 16, 10: meliora praetervolant, deteriora succedunt, Sen. ep. 108, 25. – di melius duint, di meliora velint od. ferant u. dgl., s. deus. – b) Gut, Güter, Vermögen, Reichtum, -tümer, nur im Plur. (vgl. Cic. parad. 1, 7), bona fortunaeque, Cic.: omnium fortunae et bona, Cic.: bona, fortunae, possessiones omnium, Cic.: b. patria, Cic.: b. paterna et avita, Cic.: bona aliena, Cic.: bona privata, Cic.: bona caduca, Stat.: bonorum omnium heres, Universalerbe, Liv.: divisa inter creditores bona, Tac.: haec Heraclii bona verbo redigere (einziehen), re dissipare, Cic.: alqm patriis bonis evertere od. exturbare, Cic.: ea bona huic Heraclio utenda ac possidenda tradere, Cic. – dah. esse in bonis, im Besitz der Güter (einer Erbschaft) sein, Cic. ep. 13, 30, 1 (dagegen Cic. Tusc. 5, 28: qui sint in bonis, nullo adiuncto malo, d.i. die im Besitze u. Genusse von [phys.- u. moral.] Gütern aller Art sind): u. in dieser Bedtg. habere in bonis, ICt.: dagegen esse in bonis alcis, im Besitze jmds. sein, jmdm. angehören, ICt. – c) bonum, das Gute = der Nutzen, Vorteil, die Belohnung u. dgl., nullā boni spe, ohne sich etwas Gutes zu versehen, Tac.: quis enim ullam ullius boni spem haberet in eo? sollte sich von ihm etw. G. versehen? Cic.: quid mihi sit boni (was sollte es mir helfen), si mentiar, Plaut.: cui bono fuisset, wenn es zum Nutzen gereicht hätte, zugute gekommen wäre, Cic.: quibus occidi patrem bono fuit, Cic. – bonum publicum, der Staatsvorteil, das Staatswohl, das allgemeine Beste (Ggstz. malum publicum), hoc ita si fiat, publico fiat bono, Plaut.: bene gerere rem bono publico, Plaut.: bonum publicum simulantes, Sall.: ne ira obstaret bono publico, Liv.: privato usui bonum publicum postponitur, Tac. – so auch commune bonum, das gemeine Wohl (Beste), non desinemus communi bono operam dare, Sen. de otio 1 (28), 4.

bonus [CL; v. et. melior, optimus] 1 good (in absol. sense, w. ref. to deity). Deus ergo non inconvenienter ~us dicitur et bonitas, quia omnia de nihilo in essentiam venire ‥ clamat, ideoque Grece dicitur Deus καλός, id est ~us, διὰ τὸ πάντα καλεῖν εἰς οὐσίαν Eriug. Per. 580CD; quod a summe justo summeque ~o creatore rerum nulla eo ~o ad quod facta est injuste privetur, certissime est tenendum Anselm (Mon. 74) I 83; dii boni! Gir. TH III 53. 2 good (of persons): a virtuous; b (iron. or condescending) worthy; c of good standing, respectable; d admissible (leg.); e innocent, law-abiding (cf. 6b); f proficient, serviceable. a rex erat vir ~us, et ~a ac sancta sobole felix Bede HE III 7; ipso tuo opere testaris quia amabilis et laudabilis est omnis qui studet ~us esse Anselm (Ep. 189) IV 75; sepe etiam ~i judices [AS: pa godan deman] habent malos vicarios (Quad.) GAS 475; non difficile ‥ scribere quod ~is sua faciat utile bonitas, cum ‘omnia ~is cooperentur in bonum’ [Rom. viii 28] Map NC III 1; absque labore bonis in ea bona cuncta fluentant D. Bec. 236; si bonus es morum, prudens, discretus honestus Ib. 386; innata vir bonitate ~us Gir. EH I 43; ~orum arbitrio Id. TH intr..  b “~e homo, semper fuit stultus et semper erit” W. Fitzst. Thom. 47; vocate mihi ~um hominem illum Gir. EH I 40.  c [virgunculam] de stirpe bona et claris natalibus ortam Aldh. VirgV 1784; c1310 statum nostrum ‥ apud ~os et graves apud quos non exstitimus diffamati (Ch. Abbatis) Bury St. Edm. 176; 1318 de communi consilio prelatorum, comitum, ~orum [? l. baronum] et procerum regni Lit. Cant. III 398.  d si ‥ hoc coram ~is testibus [AS: biforan godum witum] non emerit (Quad.) GAS 101; si dominus tunc velit eum purgare cum duobus ~is tainis [godum pegenum] Ib. 228; a1099 illos ‥ pone per ~os plegios Regesta p. 135; 1256 si dicta injuria ‥ per unum ~um hominem vel duos monstrari poterit FormA 86; 1291 (v. arbitratus).  e 1275 ad ponendum se in inquisicione bona, si ~us fuerit an non CourtR Wakefield I 65; 1295 quod inde ~us est et fidelis, ponit se ‥ in inquisicione CourtR Hales 323; 14‥ esse volo ~us et fidelis domino nostro regi Cust. Fordwich 24.  f o socii et ~i operarii [AS: gode wyrhtan] Ælf. Coll. 100 (cf. ib. 99: probavi te habere ~os socios et valde necessarios); 1223 duos homines ~os et fortes ad ‥ mangonellos nostros trabendos Cl 632a; 1261 cum ~is balistariis quot habere poterit Cl 496; 1293 ~us est et domino necessarius ad custodiendum oves SelPlMan 168. 3 good (of acts, opinions, faculties, events, institutions etc.): a virtuous (or implying virtue); b genuine, sound; c valid, adequate (leg.); d effective, beneficial, favourable, propitious. a 680 quid enim prosunt ~orum operum emolumenta ‥ ? Aldh. Ep. 4 p. 481; animae eorum qui in operibus ~is de corpore exeunt Bede HE V 12 (cf. ib. IV 23: peccata ~is operibus redimere); 1265 executores testamenti ~e memorie Philippe FormA 259.  b 1199 ~a fide concessimus RChart 30b; 1211 cum putasset quod eum portaret in ~a fide SelPlCrown 58; 1257 dum sane mentis extitit et ~e memorie Cl 63; s1402 ipse resignavit cum ~a voluntate Eul. Hist. Cont. III 391.  c 1212 homo legalis est et ~i testimonii SelPlCrown 66; 1274 ~am securitatem capiatis (Lit. Regis) Leg. Ant. Lond. 166; 1281 habuit inde ~am seisinam Abbr. Plac. 272; 1284 quamdiu ~am et sufficientem manucapcionem invenerint BBC 191; hec est ~a cautela Hengham Magna 2.  d ~us cuntis videtur dolus Map NC IV 16 p. 199; s1219 reginam interficere nolite, timere ~um est M. Par. Maj. III 51; 1251 vendant ad ~um forum hujusmodi robora Cl 428; 1258 (v. adventus 1b); s1305 in die qui dicebatur ~us dies Veneris [Good Friday] Ann. Lond. 136; clara dies Pauli bona tempora denotat anni (Elveden Cal.) SB 7; s1377 statuta Parliamenti quod “Bonum” merito vocabatur Wals. HA I 324; 1384 nisi tantum de curialitate et ~a voluntate hominum ville predicte, quando ipsi ~um dominium et amiciciam invenerint (Reg. Celler.) Bury St. Edm. 177. 4 good, serviceable (of animals). per aliud videtur dici ~us equus quia fortis est, et per aliud ~us equus quia velox est Anselm (Mon. 1) I 14; equus x solid., si tam ~us [AS: swa gód] sit (Quad.) GAS 176; 1210 gupillerettos ~os et baldos Pipe 105; si [asini]essent ~i et juvenes, eos non venderemus Latin Stories 41. 5 good (of things): a useful, valuable, desirable; b well made, in good condition; c genuine; d full, complete. a ibi ‥ ii piscarie de x sol. et tercia piscaria valde ~a DB I 30b; s1192 exitus omnium ~arum villarum ‥ Anglie crescere ‥ preter villam istam Brakelond 142v; potus sit vinum ~um subtile ‥ delectabile Gad. 123 v. 2; fungus ‥ tam ~us quam malus Alph. 70.  b 1205 ij ollas de ere ~o ‥ cum bassis pedibus et ~is Cl 22; 1225 j ~am et fortem carectam cum duobus ~is equis Cl 32b; a1250 facient ea [molendinum et toralliam] adeo ~a sicut capiunt ea Deeds Newcastle 43; 1296 [lanam] ~am (v. bursare 1); 1346 (v. azurum a); 1454 item j mensa ~a, j mensa pro valectis Ac. Durh. 148; 1516 xij lodices, unde viij mediocriter ~i Ib. 253.  c 1268 predicta carta non est ~a, immo falsa SelPlJews 40; ecce bonus quadrans Babio 107; bonam ‥ numerare monetam D. Bec. 1146; 1312 ad x s. Burdegalensium ~orum RGasc IV app. 564; 1374 ccc marcas sterlingorum in pecunia numerata ~orum et legalium Reg. Paisley 46.  d 1216 assignetis ei ‥ xx marcatas terre ~as Cl 248b. 6 (w. ref. to relig. movement or order): a Albigensian heretic. b Grandmontine. c Bonhomme (order of Austin Friars). a s1176 erant in provincia Tolosana quidam heretici qui se appellari faciebant Bonos Homines R. Howd. II 105.  b 1177 petitione ~orum Hominum de Grandi Monte motus Act. Hen. II II 64.  c 1283 rectori Bonorum Virorum fratrum ecclesie in honore preciosi sanguinis Jesu Christi apud Esserugge [Herts.] fundate (Carta Com. Cornub.) MonA VI 515 (cf. ib. 517); 1383 rector et fratres de ordine S. Augustini Boni Homines vulgariter nuncupati [Edington, Wilts.] Cl 224 m. 40; 1508 duo religiosi ordinis Bonorum Hominum de Francia ‥ hic appulerunt André Hen. VII 119; Guil. de Edington ‥ collegium ~is, quod dixerunt, Hominibus erexit Camd. Br. 213 (cf. ib. 344). 7 (sb. n.): a good deed. b something good or desirable, good condition, benefit. c acquittal (cf. 1e). d possession, (pl.) goods. a s912 eximie vir probitatis ‥ post nonnulla que egerat ~a decessit Fl. Worc. 121; 1265 quod dicti ballivi ‥ nunquam fecerunt ~um ubi possent facere malum IMisc 27/41; s1337 fecit ~um quod potuit Ad. Mur. 78.  b nec in comparatione hujuscemodi ~um [sc. legitimam jugalitatem] dehonestari video, sed quod melius est propensius laudari censeo Aldh. VirgP 9; justius multo est de incognitis ~um credere quam malum Bede HE III 25; rationalem creaturam ad hoc esse factam ut summam essentiam amet super omnia ~a, sicut ipsa est summum ~um Anselm (Mon. 68) I 79; ex quo ~i et mali discretionem habere potuit Ketel J. Bev. 276; ab Hibernia potestne aliquid ~i esse? Gir. TH intr. p. 6; 11‥ monachi ‥ fecerunt me et uxorem meam ‥ participes omnium ~orum ejusdem loci Reg. Malm. 449 (cf. Scot. Grey Friars II 263: ~orum spiritualium); 11‥ volo ‥ quod omnes possessiones sue in ~o et in pace sint FormA 294; 1214 non credidit quod pro ~o suo illuc veniret SelPlCrown 72; s1214 omnia quecunque ~a et honesta Gundulfus studuit ordinare, iste destruenda insistebat Flor. Hist. II 149; que tandem ‥ pro ~o pacis unam marcam accepit Brakelond 133; 1222 ne archidiaconi ‥ ~um pacis impedire presumant si quando discordantes se sibi adinvicem voluerint concordare Conc. Syn. 116; a1350 pro ~o pacis et tranquillitate universitatis StatCantab 318; 1353 pro ~o pacis et concordie Lit. Cant. III 219; pro ~o suo illi subtraxi ‥ illum [ciphum] Latin Stories 11; 1282 ipsum ‥ monuimus ut ad ~um obediencie se converteret et mandata nostra ‥ adimpleret; ‥ abjecto ~o obediencie ‥ rescripsit (Reg. Cant.) Conc. II 81 (cf. Ockham Dial. 816); 1365 causa ~i vicinitatis Hal. Durh. 44; tales qui in praxi cognoverunt quod non sunt facienda mala ut ~a eveniant (Wycl. Ente) Wycl. & Ox. 138n; Id. Quaest. Log. 251 (v. acquisibilis); 1442 non tamen hujusmodi salutacionem in ~um [in good part] capientes, ipsum letaliter vulneraverunt (DipDocE 427) Bronnen 1251 (3).  c 1220 quia ipsi ponunt se de ~o et de malo super veredictum et omnes villate idem dicunt quod sunt latrones, suspendantur CurR VIII 274 (cf. SelPlCrown 83); 1352 rectatus fuit ‥ de feloniis et roberiis; ‥ de ~o et malo ponit se super patriam Lib. Kilken. 23.  d ~a, scaet GlC B 150; duo castra ~is omnibus referta H. Hunt. HA VII 16; s1165 [rex] presbyterorum ~a per diocesim Cant’ decedentium ‥ occupavit W. Cant. V. Thom. I 43; alienatoribus ~orum patrimonii Crucifixi Neckam NR I 18; 1220 quia omnia ~a ei deficiunt, ‥ consideratum est quod suspendatur CurR VIII 396 (= SelPlCrown 134); 1254 estimatio ~orum ecclesiasticorum et temporalium abbatis Val. Norw. 520; 1269 nolumus quod ~a et catalla ‥ virorum religiosorum ‥ taxentur (Breve) Conc. II 22; 1277 licebit ‥ ~a sua mobilia et immobilia dare, legare et assignare MGL III 450; 1293 ~orum temporalium liberalissima ac spiritualium avida beneficiorum StatOx 101; 1343 subscripta ~a remanent in officio camerarii Ac. Durh. 171; 1380 vicarius ‥ in catallis suis seu ~is aliis distringat Reg. Aberd. I 134; 1460 cum propriis ~is domine regine ExchScot VII 24; 1510 sub obligatione omnium ~orum nostrorum patrimonialium et fiscalium (DipDocE 372) Foed. XIII 285; 1522 executorem et ~orum intromissorem Offic. S. Andr. 123.

bŏnus, (4) a, um (anc. lat. duonus, duenos ) ; comp. melior., superl. optimus, ¶ 1 [en parl. des pers.] bon, [au sens le plus général du mot] : bonus imperator Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2 ; miles Cic. Clu. 108, bon général, bon soldat ; orator Cic. de Or. 1, 8 ; poeta Cic. de Or. 2, 194 ; comœdus Cic. Com. 30 ; medicus Cic. Clu. 57, bon orateur, poète, acteur, médecin ; dominus Cic. CM 56, bon maître de maison (propriétaire) || boni cives, les bons citoyens = patriotes, respectueux des lois, [ou, souvent dans Cicéron] ceux qui suivent la bonne politique, le parti des honnêtes gens, le parti des optimates, le parti du sénat, des conservateurs || vir bonus, lʼhomme de bien : [dans la vie politique = bonus civis ], cf. Sest. 98 ; Cæl. 77 ; Cat. 2, 19, etc.; [dans la vie ordinaire], cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40 ; Cic. Off. 3, 77 ; Leg. 1, 49 ; Fin. 3, 64 ; [comme le grec ἀνὴρ καλὸς κἀγαθός] orator est vir bonus dicendi peritus Cato De Rhet. 14, lʼorateur est un homme de bien qui sait manier la parole, cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, etc. ; le m. pris subst^t bonus et surtout le plur. boni  : ut inter bonos bene agier oportet Cic. Off. 3, 70, il faut bien agir comme il convient entre bonnes gens ; boni, improbi Cic. Læl. 74, les bons, les méchants || homo bonus, optimus, brave homme, bon homme, excellent homme : Pl. Capt. 333 ; Most. 719, etc.; homines optimi non intellegunt... Cic. Fin. 1, 25, ces braves gens ne comprennent pas que... ; nosti optimos homines Cic. Lig. 32, tu connais cet excellent peuple || [dans les allocutions] : carissime frater atque optime Cic. de Or. 2, 10, ô mon très cher et excellent frère ; optime Quincti Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 1, cher Quinctius ; o bone Hor. S. 2, 3, 31, mon cher || [en parl. des dieux] : (o) di boni ! grands dieux ! bons dieux ! Jovis Optimi Maximi templum Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 69, le temple de Jupiter très bon, très grand ; bona Juno Virg. En. 1, 734, Junon favorable || bon, bienveillant : alicui, bon pour qqn : Pl. Amph. 992 ; Capt. 939, etc.; vicinis bonus esto Cato Agr. 4, aie de bons rapports de voisinage ; in aliquem Cic. Att. 10, 8, 10 ¶ 2 [en parlant des choses] bon, de bonne qualité : bonus ager Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 125, bon champ, champ fertile ; terra bona Varro R. 1, 40, 3, bonne terre, bon sol ; adulterini, boni nummi Cic. Off. 3, 91, faux, bons écus ; optimum argentum Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 91 ; Phil. 2, 66, très belle argenterie ; optima navis Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 134, très bon vaisseau ; optima signa Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 53, très bonnes statues ; meliores fetus edere Cic. de Or. 2, 131, produire de plus belles moissons ; aqua bona Cato Agr. 73, bonne eau ; bonum vinum Cato Agr. 96, bon vin || oratio bona Cic. Br. 99, un bon discours ; optimi versus Cic. Arch. 18, vers excellents ; verba bona Cic. Br. 233, bons termes, expressions heureuses, justes ; hoc, quod vulgo de oratoribus ab imperitis dici solet « bonis hic verbis » aut « aliquis non bonis utitur » Cic. de Or. 3, 151, cette appréciation sur les orateurs que lʼon entend couramment dans la bouche des personnes non spécialistes : « en voilà un qui sʼexprime en bons termes » ou « un tel sʼexprime en mauvais termes » ; bonæ artes, v. ars || bono genere natus Cic. Mur. 15, dʼune bonne famille, bien né ; optimo ingenio Cic. Off. 1, 158, avec dʼexcellentes dispositions naturelles (très bien doué) || bonæ partes, v. pars || causa bona, optima, melior Cic. Amer. 42 ; de Or. 1, 44, une bonne cause, une cause excellente, meilleure || bona ratio Cic. Cat. 2, 25, de bons sentiments politiques ; bona ratione aliquid emere Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, acheter qqch. honnêtement ; bona ratio Cic. Nat. 3, 70, droite raison, raison bien réglée ; bona fama Cic. Fin. 3, 57, bonne renommée ; bonum judicium Cæs. G. 1, 41, 2, jugement favorable || in bonam partem aliquid accipere Cic. Amer. 45, prendre qqch. en bonne part ; in meliorem partem Cic. Inv. 2, 158, en meilleure part || bona pars sermonis Cic. de Or. 2, 14, une bonne (grande) partie de lʼentretien, cf. Ter. Eun. 123 ; Hor. S. 1, 1, 61 ; Quint. 12, 7, 5 ; 12, 11, 19 ; Sen. Ep. 49, 4 || bonā formā Ter. Andr. 119, dʼun bon (beau) physique, cf. Andr. 428 ; Haut. 524 ; Hor. S. 2, 7, 52 ; bonā naturā Ter. Eun. 316, dʼune bonne constitution ; vinum bono colore Cato Agr. 109, vin dʼune bonne couleur ; vir optimo habitu Cic. Cæl. 59, homme dʼune excellente complexion || bon, heureux, favorable : quod bonum, faustum felixque sit populo Romano Liv. 1, 28, 7, et puisse ce dessein être bon, favorable, heureux pour le peuple romain ; bona fortuna Cic. Phil. 1, 27, bonne fortune, prospérité, bonheur ; bona spæ Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 42, bon espoir ; temporibus optimis Cic. Cæcil. 66, aux temps les meilleurs, aux époques les plus heureuses ; bona navigatio Cic. Nat. 3, 83, une bonne (heureuse) navigation ; boni exitus Cic. Nat. 3, 89, des morts heureuses ; boni nuntii Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1, de bonnes nouvelles || bonæ res : α) richesses, biens : Pl. Pers. 507 ; Lucr. 1, 728 ; β) situation heureuse, prospérité : Pl. Trin. 446 ; Cic. Fam. 12, 3, 3 ; Att. 12, 12, 5 ; Hor. O. 2, 3, 2 ; γ) le bien : bonæ res, malæ Cic. de Or. 1, 42, le bien, le mal, cf. 2, 67 ; Or. 118 ; Br. 31 ; Ac. 1, 15, etc. || mores boni, optimi Cic. Off. 1, 56 ; Verr. 2, 3, 210, bonnes mœurs, mœurs excellentes || bonum animum habere, bono animo esse, v. animus ¶ 3 [constructions] : a) avec dat., bon pour, propre à : Cato Agr. 6, 2 ; 6, 4, etc. ; pecori bonus alendo (mons) Liv. 29, 31, 9, (montagne) propre à nourrir les troupeaux, cf. Sall. J. 17, 5 ; b) avec ad : Cato Agr. 157, 5 ; Varro R. 1, 9, 1 ; Liv. 9, 19, 9 ; c) avec in acc. : Cato Agr. 135, 2 ; d) avec inf. [poét.] : bonus dicere versus Virg. B. 5, 1, habile à dire les vers ; Anticyras melior sorbere meracas Pers. 4, 16, mieux fait pour absorber des Anticyres toutes pures (= ellébore) ¶ 4 n. pris subst^t , v. bonum et bona.

bonus , a, um; melior, optimus. adj.
好。善。— bello vel ad bellum 爲打仗有用。Bono genere natus 貴家之子。Bonis auspiciis 有好先兆。 巧初。 Bona pars hominum abiit 人大約皆別。Aequi bonique consulere vel facere 不怪人。忍耐。以爲善。 Bona tua venia 望汝情願。Bona facies 面貌美麗。

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bonus adj.

• old duonus, good; as comp.in use melior,ōris cf. μᾶλλον, better; as sup.optimus2 AP-, OP-, best: vir bonus, morally good, perfect; rarely bonus vir: in virorum bonorum numero haberi, honest: quem voles virum bonum nominato, producam, respectable: bone accusator, honorable: socer eius vir multum bonus est: vir optimus, most worthy: optimus olim Vergilius, H.: iudex, just: imperator, skilful, S.: consul, L.: opifex, H.: pater familias, thrifty, N.: servus, faithful: vir, a good husband, L.: custos, T.: civis, a good citizen.—Of the gods: fata bonique divi, H.: pater optime (Iuppiter), O.: in templo Iovis Optimi Maximi: O di boni, gracious gods: o mihi, Manes, este boni, propitious, V.— Of things, good, of good quality, well-made, useful: scyphi optimi, most artistic: agrum Meliorem nemo habet, more fertile, T.: nummi, current: voltūs, good looks, O.: navigatio, prosperous: tempestas, fine weather: ova suci melioris, fine flavor, H.: aetas, the prime of life: melior sensus, keener: mentem vobis meliorem dari, more sense, T.: bonam deperdere famam, good name, H.: otium, valuable, S.: optimae fabulae: esse meliore condicione, better off: esse spe bonā: meliora responsa, more favorable, L.: amnis Doctus iter melius, less injurious, H.: meliore Tempore dicam, more opportune, H.: librorum Copia, ample, H.: meliorem militem id certamen fecit, L.: vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse, S.: bona bello Cornus, useful, V.: pecori bonus alendo (mons) erat, L.: eloqui copiose melius est quam, etc.: optimum visum est captivos deportare, L.: constituerunt optimum esse domum reverti, Cs.: optumum factu credens exercitum augere, S.: hoc vero optimum, ut is nesciat, etc. — In particular phrases, with venia: bonā veniā, with(your) kind permission, by(your) leave: abs te hoc bonā veniā expeto, T.: oravit bonā veniā Quirites, ne, etc., L.—With pax: cum bonā pace, or bonā pace, without dispute: alteri populo cum bonā pace imperitare, by common consent, L.: omnia bonā pace obtinere, L.— With res: bonae res, comforts, luxury, prosperity: bonis rebus morte privari: omnibus optimis rebus usus est, N.: bonis Rebus agit laetum convivum, in luxury, H.: de bonis rebus in vitā, de malis, of moral good and evil. — With ars: bonae artes, honorable conduct, S.: artis bonae famam quaerere, an honorable achievement, S.: bonarum artium studia, liberal studies: optimarum artium studia, the highest cnlture.—With fides: bona fides or fides bona, good faith, sincerity, fairness: polliceor hoc vobis bonā fide: ego defendi fide optimā, in perfect sincerity: ad fidem bonam pertinere, notum esse, etc., equity: quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bonā (in a judicial decree).—With pars: melior pars, the better party, party in the right: maior pars (senatūs) meliorem vicit, L.: gratia melioris partis, the optimates, L.: (fuit) meliorum partium, of the aristocracy: bona pars, a large part, good share: bonam magnamque partem ad te attulit, T.: sermonis: hominum, H.: melior pars acta diei, most, V.: in optimam partem accipere, most kindly: in optimam partem cognosci, most favorably. — With mores: boni mores, morality, an upright life: propter eius suavissimos et optimos mores: ex optimo more.—With animus, good spirits: bono animo es, cheer up, T.: hoc animo meliore ferre, more cheerfully, O.: bonum animum habere, L.: bono animo dicere, kindly: bono animo in populumR.videri, friendly, Cs.— With ius: iure optimo, with entire justice, deservedly: quod ei optimo iure contigit. — As subst., of persons, a good man: nec cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest: Qui meliorem vocet in ius, a better man, H.: da locum melioribus, your betters, T.: apud bonos beneficium conlocare: Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis, H.—Plur, the better classes, aristocracy, rich: meam causam omnes boni susceperant: bonis invidere, S.: comitantibus omnibus bonis, N.: bonorum consuetudo, of gentlemen: boni, my good friends, H.: me consulit, ‘O bone,’good friend, H.: ‘O bone, ne te Frustreris,’my good fellow, H.: optimus quisque, every good man, all the good: sua consilia optimo cuique probare: dolor quem optimus quisque suscipit: optimo cuique pereundum erat, all eminent citizens: optimo et nobilissimo cuique oratio gratissima, the patricians: imperium semper ad optumum quemque transfertur, the best man in each case, S.: qui (aditus laudis) semper optimo cuique maxime patuit.—Of things: bonum, a good thing: summum bonum, the chief good, end of being: nihil boni nosti, nothing useful: gaude isto tam excellenti bono: maximum bonum in celeritate ponere, advantage, S.: gratiam bono publico quaerere, by a public service, L.— Prov.: cui bono? for whose advantage?—Plur.: tria genera bonorum, maxima animi: bona tolerare, prosperity, T.: bona mea deripere, my property.—With aequum, fairness, equity: neque bonum atque aequom scire, T.: alqd aequi bonique impetrare: istuc Aequi bonique facio, regard as fair, T.