augustus

augustus, a, um, adj. [from augeo, as angustus from ango; v. augeo], originally belonging to the language of religion,

• majestic, august, venerable, worthy of honor (class. in prose and poetry; in Cic. mostly in connection with sanctus; never in Plaut., Ter., Lucr, or Hor.; syn.: magnus, venerabilis, venerandus): sancta vocant augusta patres: augusta vocantur Templa, sacerdotum rite dicata manu, Ov. F. 1, 609 sq.: Πάντα γὰρ τὰ ἐντιμότατα καὶ τὰ ἱερώτατα Αὔγουστα προσαγορεύεται, Dio Cass. 53, 16: augurium, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 494 Vahl.): Cives ominibus faustis augustam adhibeant Faventiam, Att. ap. Non. p. 206, 1, and p. 357, 15 (Trag. Rel. p. 202 Rib.): Eleusis sancta illa et augusta, Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119: sanctus augustusque fons, id. Tusc. 5, 12, 37: Liber, qui augusta haec loca Cithaeronis colis, auct. inc., Trag. Rel. p. 268 Rib.: locus augustus, Suet. Dom. 53: templum, Liv. 1, 29, 5; 42, 3, 6: augustissimo et celeberrimo in templo, id. 42, 12, 6: fanum, id. 38, 13, 1: solum, id. 45, 5, 3: moenia, Verg. A. 7, 153 (augurio consecrata, Serv.); so, gravitas (caelestium), Ov. M. 6, 73; 9, 270: mens, id. ib. 15, 145 et saep.— Transf. to other things (so most freq. after the Aug. per.): tectum augustum, ingens, Verg. A. 7, 170.—Of bees: sedes, Verg. G. 4, 228 (augustum: abusive, nobile, quasi majestatis plenum, Serv.): ut primordia urbium augustiora faciat, Liv. praef § 7: habitus formaque viri, id. 1, 7, 9; so, species, id. 8, 6, 9: conspectus, id. 8, 9, 10: ornatus habitusque, id. 5, 41, 8: augustissima vestis, id. 5, 41, 2: augustior currus, Plin. Pan. 92, 5: augustissimum tribunal, id. ib. 60, 2 al.—Adv.: augustē, reverently, sacredly: auguste sancteque consecrare, Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62 auguste sancteque venerari, id. ib. 3, 21, 53.—Comp non quo de religione dici posset augustius, Cic. Brut. 21, 83.—Sup. prob. not in use

1. augustus, a, um, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. (augeo), I) geheiligt, heilig, bes. v. Örtlichkeiten, ara consecrata in loco augusto, Cic.: templum augustum, augustissimum (hochheiliger), Liv.: Eleusis sancta illa et augusta, Cic.; vgl. ex hoc igitur Platonis quasi quodam sancto augustoque fonte nostra omnis manabit oratio, Cic.: augusti tota (insula) atque inviolati soli, Liv.: aug. sedes, v. Bienenstocke, Verg. – II) übtr., ehrwürdig, majestätisch, erhaben, habitus formaque viri aliquantum amplior augustiorque humanā, Liv.: augustior solito currus, Plin. pan.: vestis augustissima, Liv.: doctrina augustissima, Arnob.: cuius (senatus) conspectus augustissimus fuit, Plin. ep. – v. Pers., species viri maioris, quam pro humano habitu, augustiorisque, Liv.: cum cetero habitu se augustiorem, tum maxime lictoribus duodecim sumptis fecit, Liv. – Dav.

1 augustus [CL] 1 august, venerable. b imperial. c (imperial title). d (royal title). augusti quassata mole sacelli Aldh. VirgV 1390; majorem et ~iorem de lapide fabricare basilicam Bede HE II 14; augustis augusta viris angustia, felix / copia paupertas Hanv. VII 348.  b Dioclitianus imperator ~ae potestatis monarchiam gubernans Aldh. VirgP 41; ducitur augustam quapropter praesul ad aulam Ib. V. 1048.  c 1256 Ricardus Dei gratia Romanorum rex, semper ~us (Lit.) Leg. Ant. Lond. 26; 1341 Lodowicus Dei gracia Romanorum imperator semper ~us (Lit. Imp.) Avesb. 97b.  d nihil deliciis et divitiis illis ~i [sc. Henrici II] et sarcine huic pastorali H. Bos. Thom. III 30 (cf. ib. III 2: officiales ~i). 2 (month of) August. [apud Anglos] ~us Uueodmonath ‥ mensis zizaniorum, quod ea tunc maxime abundent Bede TR 15; iii diebus in ~o secabat DB I 179; in quibusdam terris operatur opus septimanae duos dies ‥ et in ~o [AS: on hærfest] iij dies (Quad., Rect.) GAS 446 (cf. ib. 450: manipulus ~i [AS: hærfesthandful]); 1142 recepit ‥ ij acras terre per ‥ operationem viij dierum in ‘a [MS.: ~o] MonA V 455a; 1279 faciet arruram ‥ qualibet die Veneris ‥ a festo S. Mich. usque ad gulam ~i Hund. II 656b; c1370 Augusti portis [gl.: in fine mensis ~i] veniet pars optima sortis (J. Bridl.) Pol. Poems I 168, 170.

2 augustus , augury. augustus, ~ti, ~to, Cesar vel mensis habeto; / augustus, ~tus, ~ui, vult divinatio dici Garl. Aeq. 1589D.

1 augustus, (11) a, um, saint, consacré : augustissimum templum Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 186, temple très saint || majestueux, vénérable, auguste : Cic. Nat. 1, 119 ; Tusc. 5, 37 ; species viri augustioris Liv. 8, 6, 9, la forme dʼun homme plus majestueux.

augustus , a, um. adj. c. s.
威嚴。皇赫。巍壯。雄麗。

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augustus , i. m.
王名。洋八月。

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augustus (1) adj.with comp.and sup.

• augeo, consecrated, sacred, reverend: Eleusis: fons.—Venerable, majestic, magnificent, noble: templa, L.: moenia, V.: mens, O.: formam augustiorem, L.: vir, L.: augustissima vestis, L.

AUGUSTUS

AUGUSTUSa name bestowed upon Octavianus by the senate and the Roman people, Jan. 16, B.C. 27. This date is established by the Fasti Praenestini (in C. I. L. 1.384) and Censorisus (de Die Natali, 21.8; cf. Mommsen, Res gestae d. Aug. p. 149). Octavian took the name in accordance with a senatus consultum moved by Munatius Plancus (Vellei. 2.91; Censorin. l. c.). It was a word used in connexion with religion, and designated a person as sacred and worthy of worship: hence the Greek writers translate it by Σεβαστός (Ov. Fast. 1.607; Dio Cass., 18; Suet. Aug. 7; Vellei. 2.91; Flor. 4.12; Censorin. 22; Veget. de Re Mil. 2.5). It was not an official title, but a complimentary surname, like Africanus or Pius; and is hence called by Suetonius nomen hereditarium (Tib. 26); i. e. practically inheritable, not legally inherited (Mommsen, Staatsr. 2.749 n.). It was, however, borne not only by Tiberius and the other emperors connected with the family of Augustus, but was likewise adopted by all succeeding emperors, as if descended, either by birth or adoption, from the founder of the empire ( in ejus nomen velut quadam adoptione aut jure hereditario succedere, Lampr. Al. Sev. 10). It was not usually assumed until it had been formally decreed by the senate (Tac. Hist. 1.47; Lampr. Al. Sev. 1; Vopisc. Prob. 12); and Vitellius at first refused it (Tac. Hist. 2.62). From the time of Domitian, the imperial style and title began regularly with Imperator Caesar as praenomina, and ended with Augustus, thus: Imp. Caes. T. Flavius Domitianus Aug.; though sometimes another name comes after Augustus, as in T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Aug. Pius. The name of Augusta was frequently bestowed upon females of the imperial family, the first instance of which occurs in the case of Livia, who, upon her adoption into the Julia gens on the death of Augustus, and by the provisions of his will, became Julia Augusta (Tac. Ann. 1.8). But Augustus belonged exclusively to the reigning emperor till the middle of the second century, when Marcus Aurelius and L. Verus both received this surname (Spartian. Ael. Verus, 5; M. Ant. Phil. 7). From this time we frequently find princes of the imperial family, adoptive sons, &c. honoured with this title (Ammian. 27.7). All such were regarded as participators in the imperial power, though of course the one who received the title first was looked upon as the head of the empire. When there were two Augusti, we find on coins and inscriptions AVGG; and when three, AVGGG. In the fourfold division of the empire under Diocletian, the two senior emperors were styled Augusti, the two junior Caesares. From the time of Probus the title became perpetuus Augustus, and from Philippus or Claudius Gothicus semper Augustus, the latter of which titles was borne by the so-called Roman emperors in Germany. (Eckhel, 6.88, 8.354 ff.; Mommsen--Marquardt, 2.731; Preller, Mythol. 773 ff.)

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