dies

Iulia supremum diem obiit
Iulia died

diēs, ēī (contracted form of gen. diī, 1.636), m. and f.: a day, the diurnal period of twenty-four hours, 1.732, et al.; a day, as distinguished from night, 5.43, et al.; a fixed, definite, or proper season, period, or time; daylight, 1.88; an indefinite period of time; time, 5.783; 6.745; length of time, 11.425.

dĭes (dīes, Liv. Andron. Fragm. Odys. 7), ēi (ēī, Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. S. 1, 8, 35 et saep.; dissyl.: di-ei, Ter. Eun. 801; also gen. dies, die, and dii—dies, as in acies, facies, pernicies, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14; Ann. v. 401 Vahl.; Cic. Sest. 12, 28 ap. Gell. l. l.: die, Prisc. p. 780 P.; even in Verg. G. 1, 208, where Gellius reads dies, v. Wagner ad loc., nearly all MSS. have die; cf. Rib. and Forbig. ad loc.; so, die, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 59 (1161); id. Capt. 4, 2, 20 (800); Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 5; id. B. C. 1, 14, 3; 3, 76, 2; Just. 2, 11, 17; cf. Oud. ad B. G. 2, 23, 1. Die appears to be certain in Sall. J. 52, 3; 97, 3. Also in Cic. Sest. 12, 28, Gellius reads dies, where our MSS., except the Cod. Lamb., have diei; perh. those words do not belong to Cicero himself. Form dii, Verg. A. 1, 636, Rib. and Forbig. after Serv. and Gell. l. l.— Dat., diēī, saep. die, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120 (272), acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 208; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 48 (546); id. Capt. 3, 1, 4 (464); id. Trin. 4, 2, 1 (843); once dii, id. Merc. 1, Prol. 13; cf. Roby, Gram. 1, 121 sq.); m. (in sing. sometimes f., esp. in the signif. no. I. B. 1.) [root Sanscr. dī, gleam: dinas, day; Gr. δῖος, heavenly; cf. Lat. Jovis (Diovis), Diana, deus, dīvus, etc. Old form, dius (for divus); cf.: nudius, diu, etc. The word also appears in composition in many particles, as pridem, hodie, diu, etc., v. Corss. Auspr. 2, 855 sq.], a day (cf.: tempus, tempestas, aetas, aevum, spatium, intervallum).

• I Lit.
• • A In gen., the civil day of twenty-four hours.
  • • • • α Masc.: dies primus est veris in Aquario ... dies tertius ... dies civiles nostros, etc., Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3; Gell. 3, 2: REBVS IVRE IVDICATIS TRIGINTA DIES IVSTI SVNTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; and 15, 13 fin.; for which; per dies continuos XXX., etc., Gai. Inst. 3, 78: multa dies in bello conficit unus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 297 ed. Vahl.); cf.: non uno absolvam die, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 73 (731): hic dies, id. Aul. 4, 9, 11 (723): hic ille est dies, id. Capt. 3, 3, 3 (518): ante hunc diem, id. ib. 3, 4, 101 (633): illo die impransus fui, id. Am. 1, 1, 98 (250); cf.: eo die, Caes. B. G. 1, 22 fin.; 2, 6; 2, 32 fin.; 4, 11, 4; 5, 15 fin. et saep.: postero die, id. ib. 1, 15, 1; 3, 6, 3 et saep.; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17; Sall. J. 29, 5; 38, 9 et saep.: in posterum diem, Caes. B. G. 7, 41 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 65 fin. et saep.: diem scito esse nullum, quo die non dicam pro reo, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3: domi sedet totos dies, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 34 (73): paucos dies ibi morati, Caes. B. G. 7, 5, 4: dies continuos XXX. sub bruma esse noctem, id. ib. 5, 13, 3: hosce aliquot dies, Ter. Heaut. 752; cf. id. Eun. 151 et saep.: festo die si quid prodegeris, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10 (380); so, festus, id. Cas. 1, 49 (137); id. Poen. 3, 5, 13 (758); 4, 2, 26 (848) et saep.—
        • β Fem. (freq. in poetry metri gratiā; rare in prose), postrema, Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14: omnia ademit Una dies, Lucr. 3, 912; cf. id. 3, 921; 5, 96 and 998: homines, qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem in his horis XXIV. nati sunt, una die nati dicuntur, Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 2, 2 (uno die, Macr. S. 1, 3): quibus effectis armatisque diebus XXX., a qua die materia caesa est, Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.: Varronem profiteri, se altera die ad colloquium venturum, id. ib. 3, 19, 4 (for which, shortly before: quo cum esset postero die ventum); cf.: postera die, Sall. J. 68, 2 (for which, in the same author, more freq.: postero die): pulchra, Hor. C. 1, 36, 10: suprema, id. ib. 1, 13, 20: atra, Verg. A. 6, 429: tarda, Ov. M. 15, 868 et saep.—(But Caes. B. C. 3, 26, 1; 3, 37, 1, read altero, tertio.)—
      • b Connections: postridie ejus diei, a favorite expression of Caesar, Caes. B. G. 1, 23, 1: 1, 47, 2; 1, 48, 2 et saep., v. postridie; and cf.: post diem tertium ejus diei, Cic. Att. 3, 7; Sulpic. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Liv. 27, 35: diem ex die exspectabam, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.: diem ex die ducere, Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; for which also: diem de die prospectans, Liv. 5, 48; and: diem de die differre, id. 25, 25: LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO, for every day, day by day, daily, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: affatim est hominum, in dies qui singulas escas edunt, Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 10 (455); so, in dies, every day, Cic. Top. 16, 62; Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7; 5, 58, 1; 7, 30, 4; Vell. 2, 52, 2; Liv. 21, 11 Drak.; 34, 11 al.; less freq. in sing.: nihil usquam sui videt: in diem rapto vivit, Liv. 22, 39; cf.: mutabilibus in diem causis (opp. natura perpetua), id. 31, 29 (in another signif. v. the foll., no. II. A. 3); and: cui licet in diem ( = singulis diebus, daily) dixisse Vixi, etc., Hor. Od. 3, 29, 42. And still more rarely: ad diem, Treb. Poll. Gall. 17; Vop. Firm. 4: ante diem, v. ante.—Die = quotidie or in diem, daily, Verg. E. 2, 42; 3, 34: quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi, id. A. 11, 397: paucissimos die composuisse versus, Quint. 10, 3, 8: saepius die, Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 22: die crastini, noni, pristini, quinti, for die crastino, nono, etc., v. h. vv. crastinus, nonus, etc.; and cf. Gell. 10, 24; Macr. S. 1, 4.—
  • B In partic.
  • • 1 A set day, appointed time, term in the widest sense of the word (for appearing before court, in the army, making a payment, etc.).
    • • • α Masc.: MORBVS SONTICVS ... STATVS DIES CVM HOSTE ... QVID HORVM FVIT VNVM IVDICI ARBITROVE REOVE DIES DIFFISVS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12; Fest. p. 273, 26 Müll.; for which: STATVS CONDICTVSVE DIES CVM HOSTE, acc. to Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4; and with comic reference to the words of this law, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5 (5) (found also in Macr. S. 1, 16); and freq.: status dies, Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 1; Suet. Claud. 1; Flor. 1, 13, 16 et saep.: hic nuptiis dictus est dies, Ter. And. 102; cf.: dies colloquio dictus est ex eo die quintus, Caes. B. G. 1, 42, 4; so, dictus, id. ib. 5, 27, 5: iis certum diem conveniendi dicit, id. ib. 5, 57, 2: die certo, Sall. J. 79, 4; cf. constituto, id. ib. 13 fin.: decretus colloquio, id. ib. 113, 3: praestitutus, Liv. 3, 22: praefinitus, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109; Gell. 16, 4, 3: ascriptus, Phaedr. 4, 11, 8 et saep.: quoniam advesperascit, dabis diem nobis aliquem, ut contra ista dicamus, Cic. N. D. 3, 40; Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; id. B. C. 1, 11, 2; Sall. J. 109, 3; Liv. 35, 35 et saep.: dies ater, an unlucky day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25.—
        • β Fem. (so commonly in this sense in class. prose, but only in sing., v. Mützell ad Curt. 3, 1, 8): ut quasi dies si dicta sit, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11 (838); so, dicta, Cic. Fam. 16, 10 fin.; cf.: edicta ad conveniendum, Liv. 41, 10 fin.: praestituta, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140 (369); 2, 2, 28 (621); Ter. Phorm. 523; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14 fin.; id. Vatin. 15, 37; id. Tusc. 1, 39; Liv. 45, 11 et saep.; cf. constituta, Cic. Caecin. 11, 32; Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 2; 1, 8, 3: certa eius rei constituta, id. B. C. 3, 33, 1: pacta et constituta, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24: statuta, Liv. 31, 29: stata, id. 27, 23 fin.: certa, Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 4, 5, 1, 8; id. B. C. 1, 2, 6; Nep. Chabr. 3 et saep.: annua, Cic. Fam. 7, 23; id. Att. 12, 3 fin.; cf. longa, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 18 (543): die caecā emere, oculatā vendere, i. e. to buy on credit and sell for cash, id. Ps. 1, 3, 67 (296), v. caecus, no. II. B.: haec dies summa hodie est, mea amica sitne libera, an, etc., id. Pers. 1, 1, 34 (34): puto fore istam etiam a praecone diem, Cic. Att. 13, 3: ubi ea dies venit (preceded by tempore ejus rei constituto), Caes. B. G. 7, 3: praeterita die, qua suorum auxilia exspectaverant, id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 6, 33, 4: esse in lege, quam ad diem proscriptiones fiant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128 et saep.—
        • γ Both genders together: diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant: is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr., etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin.; Cic. Att. 2, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 34, 35 al.—
      • b Hence: dicere diem alicui, to impeach, lay an accusation against: diem mihi, credo, dixerat, Cic. Mil. 14, 36: Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus, id. Div. in Caec. 20, 67.—
    • 2 A natural day, a day, as opp. to night: ut vel, quia est aliquid, aliud non sit, ut Dies est, nox non est; vel, quia est aliquid, et aliud sit: Sol est super terram, dies est, Quint. 5, 8, 7: pro di immortales, quis hic illuxit dies, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 76: credibile non est, quantum scribam die, quin etiam noctibus, in the daytime, id. Att. 13, 26: negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur, in a single day and night, id. N. D. 2, 9, 24; cf. in this signif.: die ac nocte, Plin. 29, 6, 36, § 113: nocte et die, Liv. 25, 39; and simply die, Hor. S. 2, 1, 4; Quint. 10, 3, 8; cf. also: currus rogat ille paternos, Inque diem alipedum jus et moderamen equorum, Ov. M. 2, 48; and, connected with nox: (Themistocles) diem noctemque procul ab insula in salo navem tenuit in ancoris, Nep. Them. 8 fin.; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59; Liv. 22, 1 fin.—But more freq.: diem noctemque, like our day and night, i. q. without ceasing, uninterruptedly; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 11; 7, 42 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 62; for which less freq.: diem et noctem, Auct. B. Hisp. 38, 1; diem ac noctem, Liv. 27, 4 and 45: noctemque diemque, Verg. A. 8, 94; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 23: continuate nocte ac die itinere, Caes. B. C. 3, 11, 1; 3, 36, 8; and in plur.: dies noctesque, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 49 (379); Ter. Eun. 193; Cic. Att. 7, 9 fin.; Nep. Dat. 4, 4 et saep.; also, reversing the order: noctesque diesque, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 338 ed. Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 1, 76: noctesque et dies, Ter. And. 676; id. Eun. 1079: noctes atque dies, Lucr. 2, 12; 3, 62; Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51; Verg. A. 6, 127 al.: noctes diesque, id. ib. 9, 488: noctes ac dies, Cic. Arch. 11, 29: noctes et dies, id. Brut. 90, 308; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Tusc. 5, 25 and 39; Ter. Eun. 1079; cf. also: neque noctem neque diem intermittit, Caes. B. G. 5, 38: Galli dies ... sic observant, ut noctem dies subsequatur, id. ib. 6, 18, 2 Herz ad loc. So, too, in gen.: qui nocte dieque frequentat Limina, Mart. 10, 58, 11: cum die, at break of day, Ov. M. 13, 677: orto die ( = orta luce), Tac. A. 1, 20; 1, 68; id. H. 2, 21: ante diem ( = ante lucem), Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 35: dies fit, late Lat. for lucescit, Vulg. Luc. 22, 66: de die, in open day, broad day; v. de.—
    • 3 Dies alicujus (like the Heb.; v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v.).
    • • a I. q. dies natalis, a birthday: diem meum scis esse III. Non. Jan. Aderis igitur, Cic. Att. 13, 42, 2; cf. in full: natali die tuo, id. ib. 9, 5 al. So the anniversary day of the foundation of a city is, dies natalis urbis, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—
      • b I. q. dies mortis, dying-day: quandocumque fatalis et meus dies veniet statuarque tumulo, Tac. Or. 13 fin. Called, also: supremus dies. Suet. Aug. 99; id. Tib. 67; cf.: supremus vitae dies, Cic. de Sen. 21, 78; Suet. Aug. 61. Hence: diem suum obire, to die, Serv.Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; and in the same sense: obire diem supremum, Nep. Milt. 7 fin.; id. Dion. 2 fin.; Suet. Claud. 1: exigere diem supremum, Tac. A. 3, 16: explere supremum diem, id. ib. 1, 6; 3, 76; and simply: obire diem, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248; Suet. Tib. 4; id. Vesp. 1; id. Gr. 3; cf. also: fungi diem, Just. 19, 1, 1.—
      • c I. q. dies febris, fever-day: etsi Non. Mart., die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam epistolam a te longiorem, Cic. Att. 9, 2 init.; 7, 8, 2 al.
• II Transf.
• • A In gen. (from no. I. A.).
  • • 1 A day, for that which is done in it (cf. the Hebr., the Gr. ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ, etc.): is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu, Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 3: non tam dirus ille dies Sullanus C. Mario, id. Att. 10, 8, 7: equites Romanos daturos illius diei poenas, id. Sest. 12, 28: hic dies et Romanis refecit animos et Persea perculit, Liv. 42, 67 Drak.; cf. id. 9, 39 fin.; Vell. 2, 35 Ruhnk.; 2, 86; Just. 9, 3 fin.; Flor. 2, 6, 58 Duker.: imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem, Tac. Agr. 34: quid pulchrius hac consuetudine excutiendi totum diem? ... totum diem mecum scrutor, facta ac dicta mea remetior, etc., Sen. de Ira, 3, 36: dies Alliensis, i. q. pugna Alliensis, Liv. 6, 1; Suet. Vit. 11: Cannensis, Flor. 4, 12, 35 al. And so even of one's state of mind on any particular day: qualem diem Tiberius induisset, what humor, temper, Tac. A. 6, 20. —
    • 2 A day's journey: hanc regionem, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem, decem inter duo maria in latitudinem patentem, Liv. 38, 59; Just. 36, 2, 14 al.—
    • 3 In gen. (like, ἡμέρα, and our day, for) time, space of time, period: diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras, Liv. 2, 45; so with tempus, id. 22, 39; 42, 50: amorem intercapedine ipse lenivit dies, Turp. ap. Non. 522, 7; so in the masc. gender: longus, Stat. Th. 1, 638; Luc. 3, 139; but also longa, Plaut. Epid. 4, 1, 18 (543); Plin. Ep. 8, 5 fin.; cf. perexigua, a brief respite, Cic. Verr. 1, 2 fin.: nulla, Ov. M. 4, 372 al.: ex ea die ad hanc diem quae fecisti, in judicium voco, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.: ut infringatur hominum improbitas ipsa die, quae debilitat cogitationes, etc., id. Fam. 1, 6; cf. id. ib. 7, 28 fin.; id. Tusc. 3, 22, 53 al.: indutiae inde, non pax facta; quarum et dies exierat, et ante diem rebellaverant, i. e. the term of the truce, Liv. 4, 30 fin.; 30, 24; 42, 47 fin. (for which: quia tempus indutiarum cum Veienti populo exierat, id. 4, 58).—Prov.: dies adimit aegritudinem, Ter. Heaut. 422: dies festus, festival-time, festival:—diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, Liv. 25, 23 et saep.: die lanam et agnos vendat, at the right time, Cato R. R. 150, 2: praesens quod fuerat malum, in diem abiit, to a future time, Ter. Phorm. 781; so in diem, opp. statim, Q. Cic. Pet. cons. 12, 48; and simply in diem, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 48 (860); Ter. Eun. 1047; Cic. Cael. 24.—Esp. freq. in diem vivere, to live on from day to day, regardless of the future, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4 et saep; cf. the equivoque with de die, under de.—
  • B In partic. (acc. to no. I. B. 2—poet., and in post-Aug. prose).
  • • 1 Light of day, daylight: contraque diem radiosque micantes Obliquantem oculos, Ov. M. 7, 411; 5, 444; 13, 602: multis mensibus non cernitur dies, Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 70; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; 9, 36, 2 al.; also of the eyesight, Stat. Th. 1, 237; and trop. of the conscience: saeva dies animi scelerumque in pectore Dirae, id. ib. 1, 52.—
    • 2 For caelum, the sky, the heavens: sub quocumque die, quocumque est sidere mundi, Luc. 7, 189; 1, 153: incendere diem nubes oriente remotae, id. 4, 68; 8, 217; Stat. Th. 1, 201.—Hence, like caelum,
    • • b The weather: totumque per annum Durat aprica dies, Val. Fl. 1, 845: tranquillus, Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115: mitis, id. 11, 10, 10, § 20: pestilens, id. 22, 23, 49, § 104.—
    • 3 The air: nigrique volumina fumi Infecere diem, Ov. M. 13, 600: cupio flatu violare diem, Claud. in Ruf. 1, 63.
• III Dies personified.
• • A I. q. Sol, opp. Luna, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21 (255); coupled with Mensis and Annus, Ov. M. 2, 25.—
  • B As fem., the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Heaven and Earth, Hyg. Fab. praef.; of the first Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59.

diēs, ēi, c. (doch bei Cic. als fem. nur vom Termine u. Zeitraume u. wenn es das Datum des Briefes), im Plur. nur masc. (vgl. indogerm. *dịēus zu deịeuo, leuchtend, u. altind. diva, am Tage), der Tag, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: dies antemeridianus, postmeridianus, Sen.: dies fastus, nefastus, dies festus, profestus, feriatus, s. 1. fāstususw.: dies laetitiae destinatus, Iustin.: dies foedus, Iustin.: dies lunares, Varro: dies dedicationis, Plin. ep.: comitiorum dies, Liv.: plurium dierum hiems (Sturm), Plin. ep.: quinque dierum disputationes, Cic.: dies nullus erat Antii cum essem, quo die non scirem, Cic.: perpotare totos dies, Cic.: disputatio hesterni et hodierni diei, Cic.: ludorum Romanorum secundo die, Liv.: extremo ludorum scaenicorum die, Cic.: primo imperii die, Suet.: hesterno, hodierno, crastino die, Cic.: hodierno et crastino die, Liv.: ante hodiernum diem, Cic.: ad hunc diem anni, bis heutigentags, Gell. – postero die, Cic., posterā die, Sall.: in posterum diem, Caes. – diem de die, Liv., od. diem ex die, Caes. u. Cic., einen Tag nach dem andern, Tag für Tag. – in dies, von Tag zu Tag, täglich, Caes., Cic., Liv. u.a. (vgl. für Liv. Wölffl. Liv. Krit. S. 23). – cotidie aut potius in dies singulos (von Tag zu Tag), Cic. – in diem, s. 1. inno. I, B, 2. – ad diem, auf den Tag, ad certam diem, zu dem bestimmten Tag, Caes. (s. Schneider zu Caes. b. G. 2, 5, 1). – multo die, hoch-, spät am Tage, Caes.: ad multum diem, Cic., od. ad multum diei, Liv., bis spät am Tage, spät in den Tag hinein: de die, am (hellen) Tage, Plaut. u.a. – bis in die (des Tages), Cic.: u. so in die deciens, deni, Plaut.: ebenso bis die (des Tages), Cels.: quinquies, saepius die, Plin. – die et (od. ac) nocte, einen Tag u. eine Nacht, Cic. u. Plin.: so nocte dieque, Ov. – noctes et dies, noctes diesque, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque u. (mehr poet.) diesque noctesque, Tag u. Nacht, Cic. (vgl. Madvig Cic. de fin. 1, 16, 51), u. so diem noctemque, Nep., diem noctem, Cic. u. Liv.: noctesque et dies, Ter.: diebus ac noctibus, Plin. pan., noctibus atque diebus, Sen., noctibus diebusque, Ps. Quint. decl. – omni die, Gell.: omnibus tricenis diebus, Plin. – paucis diebus, paucis ante od. post diebus, s. paucus. – 2) meton.: a) wie unser Tag, für die Ereignisse, Geschäfte des Tags, diei poenas dare, Cic.: in disponendo die, bei der Einteilung des Tags, Suet.: ut possint sole reducto exercere diem (Tagewerk), Verg. – b) = das Tageslicht, Verg., Plin. u. Plin. ep.: übtr., Tageslicht od. Leben, videre diem, das Licht der Welt erblicken, Ov.: diem proicere, Stat. – c) die Witterung des Tages, dies mitis, tranquillus, Plin. – d) die Tagereise, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem patēre, Liv. – 3) personif., Dies, der Gott des Tages, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 44. – II) prägn.: A) ein bestimmter, festgesetzter Tag, der Termin, Zahlungstermin, die Verfallzeit, die Frist, 1) im allg.: dies operis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 577, 3, 13: dies solutionis, Zahlungstag, -termin, Verfallzeit, Ulp. dig. 2, 13, 1. § 2: u. so dies solvendi, Iavol. dig. 17, 1, 51: dies solvendae pecuniae, Tryph. dig. 3, 5, 38. Amm. 18, 5, 2: dies praestandae pecuniae, Papin. dig. 5, 1, 41: u. bl. dies pecuniae, Cic. ad Att. 10, 5, 3. Liv. 34, 6, 13. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 577, 3, 13: Plur., dies pecuniarum, Col. 1, 7, 2: dies iudicii, Gerichtstag, Liv.: dies annua, Jahresfrist (zur Bezahlung), Cic.: in diem emere, Cic.: diem praestituere od. dicere, Cic.: diem statuere ante quam, einen Termin, eine Frist bestimmen, bis zu w., Sall.: alci dare diem, Frist geben, Plin. ep. 3, 9, 32: prodicere diem, den Termin verlängern, Liv.: aliquot dies proferre, Ter.: nuptiis prodere dies, Ter.: diem ex die ducere, den Termin von einem Tag zum andern hinziehen, -hinausschieben, Caes.: diem perexiguam postulavi, Cic.: diem obire (abwarten), Cic.: alios non solvere, aliorum diem (Termin der Zahlung) nondum esse, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) der Geburtstag (gew. vollst. dies natalis, Cic., od. natalicius, Mart.), dies meus, Cic. ad Att. 13, 42, 2 (vgl. unten no. d). – b) der Todestag, obire diem supremum, Nep., od. diem suum, Sulp. in Cic. ep., od. diem, Nep., od. diem fungi, Iustin., d.i. sterben: dies suus admonet omnes, Val. Flacc. – c) der Tag des Verhängnisses, -des Untergangs, diem proferet Ilio, Hor. carm. 1, 15, 33. – d) der Fiebertag, dies tuus, Cic. ad Att. 7, 8, 2; 9, 2 in.; 9, 4, 3 (vgl. oben no. a). – e) das Datum des Briefes, zB. earum (epistularum) in altera dies erat ascripta Nonarum Aprilium, in altera, quae mihi recentior videbatur, dies non erat, Cic. ep. 3, 11, 1: habet diem epistula, hat ein D., ist datiert, Paulin, vit. S. Ambros. 49. – B) die Zeit (als Reihe der Veränderungen endlicher Dinge), quod est dies allatura, Cic.: dies levat luctum, Cic.: negat summo bono afferre incrementum diem, Cic.: dies tempusque leniturum iras, Liv. – ➳ Archaist. Genet.-Formen dies, Ven. Fort. vita S. Mart. 4, 100: die, Plaut. Men. 1156 (die septimi) u. most. 881 (die crastini). Cato origg. 4. fr. 12 (die quinti). Coel. Antip. 2. fr. 25 (die quinti; vgl. Gell. 10, 24). Sall. Iug. 52, 3; 97, 3. Verg. georg. 1, 208. Auson. app. II (de rosis). p. 244, 6 Schenkl: dii, Verg. Aen. 1, 636; vgl. Gell. 9, 14, 4. Prisc. 7, 93 u. Ribbeck zu den Stellen aus Verg. – alter Dativ die, Plaut. Amph. 276 u. 546 a. Sisenn. u. Sall. nach Cynthius in Verg. Aen. 1, 636 (in Class. auct. ed. Mai 7, 359). Vgl. übh. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ Bd. 1. S. 572 f. u. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 214.

1 dies [CL] 1 day, (period of) daylight. b period of 12 hours centred on noon. c (fig.) light. d (fig.) ideal brightness. e ‘light’, pane (of window). diebus ac noctibus Gildas EB 19; hic famulabantur jugiter noctesque diesque Aldh. VirgV 1305; ductor dierum Lucifer (Id.) Carm. Aldh. 1. 66; dies est aer sole illustratus, nomen inde sumens ‘quod tenebras disjungat ac dividat’‥. vulgus enim omne diem solis praesentiam super terras appellat‥. diem vulgarem Dominus sententia ‥ definivit, dicens: ‘nonne duodecim horae sunt diei? ’ [John xi 9] Bede TR 5 pp. 186, 189; vernalis dies, lenctenlic dœg Ælf. Sup.; lucescente die, ita ut pueri ‥ sine laternis possint exire Lanfr. Const. 105 (cf. ib. 90: clarescente die); c1200 stertit in dies medios (v. cyrius b); 1233 in crastino de magna die recesserunt CurR XV 214; ante diem Ib. (v. contra 7a); absentem diem lux agebat emula W. Malm. GP III 101; dies usualis vel artificialis Gerv. Tilb. I 5 (v. artificialis 2a); dicitur dies artificialis equari sue nocti tantum in equinoctiis‥. dicitur eciam aliquando dies continere xiij horas et nox xj, et dies alia longior esse xiiij et nox x, et dies longissima in climate septimo xvj horas habere, nox octo Bacon VI 46; Ib. XIII 424 (v. discontinuatio 1); 1285 (v. de 4a); 1341 tempestas per totum diem artificialem W. Merle 6; 1344 absenciam ‥ prepositi ultra diem artificialem Eng. Clergy 282; 1442 Anglici ‥ istud ‥ fecerunt in clara die (DipDoc E 427) Bronnen 1251/2.  b sciendum est ‥ deceptos esse quamplurimos ‥ dum opinantur omnes dies naturales esse equates‥. sed certo certius est quod dies artificialis brumalis eque habet xij horas sicut et estivalis Neckam NR I 10; sunt omni die artificiali sex hore ante meridiem et sex post meridiem Bacon VI 47.  c dum Phebi roscidus orbis / crescit in occasu sublataque redditur astris / flamma suusque dies Hanv. III 302 p. 285.  d Aldh. VirgP 19 (v. aurora b).  e 1367 solut’ Waltero le Maceon pro j fourme pro j fenestra iij dierum pro boreali parte del freitour KR Ac 544/20 m. 2; 1409 j fenestra trium dierum (Will) OED s. v. day 4. 2 day of 24 hours (cf.J. Soc. Archiv. II 87–9). b (w. in or per) daily. c (w. per) one day ahead. flagitat indutias septem sufferre dierum Aldh. VirgV 1270; 705 ante paucos dies hoc placitum communi consensione condixerunt Wealdhere Ep. 22; proprie dies xxiiij horis, id est circuitu solis totum orbem illustrantis, impletur Bede TR 5; multa circa idem varie estimata aut estimabilia, ut an dies sit tempus a mane usque ad mane, ut Babilonii dixerunt, an ab occasu usque ad occasum, ut Attici, an a meridie ad meridiem, ut veteres Umbri, an a media nocte ad mediam noctem, ut Romani decreverunt, an quodlibet spatium xxiiij horarum undecumque inchoatum Balsh. AD rec. 2 176; vendicat ergo dies horas sibi bis duodenas, / ut claudat luci nox sociata diem Neckam NR I 11; opus prime diei, id est spacii xxiiij horarum S. Langton Gl. Hist. Schol. 41; cum dies naturalis sit una revolutio firmamenti et insuper ascensio ejus quam describet sol in celo interim motu suo proprio et durante una revolutione plus aut minus describit sol quam sequenti revolutione, manifestum est quod, quantum est de ista causa, erunt dies naturales inequales. preterea ‥, etiam si sol uniformiter moveretur in celo, contingeret inequalitas dierum naturalium ‥ Gros. 22–3; Bracton 264 (v. artificialis 2b); 1258 quilibet ‥ militum ‥ debet capere quolibet die xl dierum ‥ iiij s‥., dum stant in servicio domini regis per dictos xl dies SelPlMan 62; dominus J‥. de cujus exitu de die in diem metuitur Ad. Marsh Ep. 33 (cf. (v. de 3b)); 1338 die in diem (v. custodia 4b); s1338 contra horam diei terciam venit imperator ‥ Ad. Mur. Chr. 84n; 1377 requisitus si vellet regnum Anglie abjurare, dicebat quod non adhuc usque ad quadragesimum diem SelCCoron 86; dicto cicius recessit rex pro die illa Favent 16; alium respectum habere possumus ad diem naturalem, qui continet xxiiij horas et sic incipit media nocte et terminatur media nocte Lyndw. 24 (23 f).  b clericus thesaurarii ‥ v denarios habet in die Dial. Scac. I 3F; 1242 rex concessit Philippo ‥ ij denarios in die de elemosina constituta Cl 518; c1283 percipiet per diem ‥ ij panes ‥ et dim. Cust. Battle 5; 1430 habebunt cibum semel in die Feod. Durh. 11.  c 1325 ordinavit quod de cetero nullus articulus ‥ in plena congregacione ‥ pertractetur, nisi seorsum ‥ saltem per diem articulus hujuscemodi inter artistas ‥ proponatur tractandus [gl. [1344]: interpretacio istius termini ‘saltem per diem’, id est in aliqua parte diei precedentis] StatOx 128. 3 (usu. pl.) time, times (indefinite). b (w. per or in) continually, in course of time. c (gen. pl. w. Liber) Chronicles (bibl.); d (fig.). ad hanc diem Bede HE I 7 (v. ad 3a); post dies venit ad insulam rex Ib. I 25; s1137 uno dierum, stante populo ad celebrationem misse, lux quedam infulserat J. Worc. 43; nec in die bonorum immemor fuit malorum Ailr. Ed. Conf. 749D; his diebus Ad. Marsh Ep. 48 (v. desolatio 1b); dierum damna Ib. 51 (v. desperare e); 1342 dierum invalescens malicia, qua mundus in deteriora jugiter labitur [gl. Lyndw. 97 y: dies ipsi de se mali non sunt, sed dicuntur mali propter malicias hominum que in eis committuntur; propterea dicit apostolus: ‘‥ quia dies mali sunt’ [Eph. v 16]] Conc. II 709B; 1430 debent ‥ j sexterium cervisie, quod non reddunt istis diebus Feod. Durh. 17.  b crescente molestia per dies Bede CuthbP 31; multi per dies locum frequentare illum ‥ coeperunt Id. HE III 10; divitiis indies temporalibus augebantur Ailr. SS Hex 11 p. 193; majora merebatur indies odia Map NC V 5 f. 65v; 1283 ad partes vobis viciniores, cum de domino rege fuerimus expediti, iter arripiemus indies veniendi Conc. Syn. 948; s1304 jussit rex indies impleri fossata cum ramis W. Guisb. 357; 1380 in dies (v. consuetudinarie b).  c audiat ‥ librum Paralipomenon, qui et Liber Dierum dicitur ab Ebreis Neckam Sac. (extr.) 375; in Regum Dierumque Libris Bekinsau 737.  d ab anno Domini mcccv, quo ego tante eram etatis quod facta precipua ponderavi et ea scripsi breviter modo meo ex libro dierum meorum Ad. Mur. Chr. prol. 4. 4 a (sg. or pl.) life-time, span. b reign or term of office. c (last) day, day of death. a ante dies ‥ mihi ‥ / ‥ / deficiet ‥ quam Aldh. VirgV 2781; hoc ‥ multo ante horum ‥ qui nunc supersunt gestum est dies V. Greg. p. 90; senex ac plenus dierum juxta scripturas [Job xlii 16] patrum viam secutus est Bede HE II 20; c695 (11c) ut post diem ejus terra ista ‥ ad Uu. ecclesiam ‥ sit donata CS 76; c800 in diebus meis vel successorum meorum CS 201d.; 804 (11c) quando mihi contingat exitus mei diei CS 313; 899 terram ‥ dies ij hominum ‥ concedo CS 580; 981 telluris particulam ‥ meo fideli largior Æ. utenti nomine, duorum sc. addendo diebus hominum CD 631; 1184 auctorem justitie Salahadin ‥, cujus dies Deus augeat (Lit. Saladini) Diceto YH 26; Meaux I 407 (v. deducere 8b); 1309 cum dierum longitudine [cf. Psalm. xc 16 etc.] Deeds Balliol 336; 1325 utinam antequam hec eveniant transeant dies mei! Lit. Cant. I 152; 1411 hoc ‥ sacramentum cui nonnulli diebus nostris ‥ obviant Ib. III 123; in diebus meis Upton 256 (v. declaratio 1b).  b dixerunt fuisse in die regis E. sicut nunc est DB I 373v; c1228 boscum ‥ quod idem H. [episcopus] habuit diebus suis Feod. Durh. 239; postea, diebus Willelmi Rufi Elmh. Cant. 167.  c diem obiit, asualt GlC D 249; Bede HE III 19, etc. (v. claudere 8a); die quo rex E. fuit vivus et mortuus DB I 45; sicut pater eorum fuit in die mortis et vite sue (Leg. Hen. 70. 18) GAS 589; a1200 die illa qua pater meus R. fuit vivus et mortuus FormA 50; usque ad diem sibi peremptorie prefixum Chr. Rams. 106; 1285 die quo in fata decessit CBaron 119. 5 day of the week. b (Sunday). c (Monday). d (Tuesday). e (Wednesday). f (Thursday). g (Friday). h (Saturday). gentiles hanc [sc. hebdomadam] in laudem suorum deflexere deorum, primam viz. diem Soli, secundam Lunae, tertiam Marti, quartam Mercurio, quintam Jovi, sextam Veneri, septimam Saturno dicantes, eisdem utique monstris suos dies quibus et errantia sidera consecrantes Bede TR 8; accidit ‥ ut unusquisque planeta diei unius dominium sortiatur in hebdomade septem dierum. dies igitur Solis dicitur feria prima, quia prime hore preest sol. unde oportet ut secunde ferie prima hora lune assignetur Neckam NR I 10; quidam antiqui philosophi putaverunt singulos planetas per ordinem dominari et quemlibet planetam habere infra 7 dies semel suum dominium in prima hora alicujus illorum et ideo ‥ voluerunt ‥ denominari unumquemque diem ‥ ab illo planeta qui in prima hora diei dominatur Bacon VI 48 (cf. id. Maj. I 382).  b die Dominico Gildas Pen. 1; surrexit mane prima †subbati [l. Sabbati], quae nunc dies Dominica vocatur Bede Hom. II 7. 134; Dominicus dies [AS: sunnandœg] est Ælf. Coll. 92; c1086 W. rege tenente curiam et placitum una Dominica die a mane usque ad vesperam Regesta p. 127; Dominici dies [AS: œlces Sunnandœges freolsunge], a precedentis Sabbati hora nona usque ad lucem sequentis ferie secunde feriantur (Inst. Cnuti) GAS 295; s1200 [Eustacius abbas de Flaiz] Lundoniis et in aliis locis multis per Angliam predicatione sua effecit quod de cetero in diebus Dominicis forum rerum venalium nequaquam exercere presument R. Howd. IV 124 (cf. ib. 167); fingamus nos esse in die Dominica, quam philosophi dicunt esse diem Solis Neckam NR I 10; unam diem vocaverunt [quidam philosophi] diem Solis, que congrue dies Domini dicitur, quia ipse sol justitie ‥ dedicavit earn sua resurrectione Bacon VI 48; ut incipiat sol dominari in prima hora diei Dominici Id. Maj. I 382; 1281 obligatio ad feriandum in Sabbato legali secundum formam Veteris Testamenti expiravit omnino cum ceteris in Lege cerimoniis et successit in Novo Testamento modus vacandi cultui divino diebus Dominicis et ceteris diebus solempnibus [gl. Lyndw. 56 p: ‘diebus Dominicis’, i. e. feria prima, que ideo dicitur Dominicus dies quia illo die Dominus resurrexit ‥ et quicquid insigne a Domino constitutum est illo die factum est ‥ et, ut dicit canon, die Dominica nihil aliud agendum est nisi Deo vacandum] Conc. Syn. 902; 14‥ nulli alii dies observandi sunt de mandato ecclesie nisi dies Veneris sancta [etc.] ‥ et dies Dominicales Conc. Scot. II 75; 1585 usque diem Solis proximo ante festum S. Mich. Pat 1270 m. 1.  c a nona hora Sabbati usque ad diem Lunis [sic] DB I 263; sollenne diei Dominice conservetur ab hora nona Sabbati usque ad lucidum diei Lunae [AS: Monandœges lihtinge] (Quad.) GAS 199; debet omni die Lune [AS: œlce Mondœge] ‥ operari domino suo (Quad., Rect.) Ib. 445; in die Sabbati ab hora nona usque in diem Lune mane (Mir. Brit.) Diceto Chr. 13; c1185 die Lune perjurata [? Hock Monday] j ward’ d[enarium] et alias consuetudines ‥ faciet Rec. Templars 9 (cf. ib. 153: 12‥ dabit ij wardpanies ad Hokedai; ib. 155: dabit ‥ die Ropmoneday ij d. de wardpanies); 1286 sunt ibidem ij lundinarii, qui operabuntur quolibet die Lune per annum IPM 45/2 r. 9; s1356 hec in die Lune in crastino sanctissimi festi paschalis ‥ principi [Edwardo] ‥ in principio sue male fortune acciderunt. qui postea ‥ hunc diem Lune paschalem Blac Monunday ‥ vocavit Plusc. IX 43 (cf. Fordun Cont. XIV 17: hucusque in Anglia feria secunda Pasche Blak-mononday ‥ nuncupatur).  d in privatis diebus, viz. Dominica, die Martis, die Jovis ac Sabbato W. Malm. Glast. 118; nec ‥ rationi dissonum si Martis potissimum die martia negotia sint completa Gir. EH II 7; 1199 (v. cinis 2b); s1281 officialis testes ‥ examinavit, sed publicare usque in diem Martis proximum protelavit Graystanes 17; 1377 mane die Martis (Epitaph. Ed. III) Pol. Poems I 220.  e †844 (13c) ut omnes fratres et sorores nostri ad unamquamque ecclesiam omni ebdomada Mercoris die, id est Wodnesday,‥ cantent l psalmos ‥ CS 447; erant abnepotes illius antiquissimi Woden, ‥ quem ‥ gentes Anglorum deum esse delirantes ei quartum diem septimane et sextum uxori sue Free perpetuo ad hoc tempus consecraverunt sacrilegio W. Malm. GR I 5; Frithowald, de quo Woden ortus est, a quo Angli feriam sextam [sic] Wodenis diem nuncupant Ord. Vit. VII 3; ab isto Sem genealogia ducitur usque ad Woden, qui fuit tante auctoritatis apud suos ut feriam quartam, quam gentiles Romani diem Mercurii appellabant, ejus nomini consecrarent, que consuetudo ab Anglis hodie servatur; vocant enim eumdem diem Wodnesdei, id est ‘diem Woden’ Ad. Scot TT 716B (cf. Plusc. VI 1); 1199 die Mercurii infra Pascha CurR I 113.  f qui furatur ‥ in sancto die Jovis [AS: on ðone halgan þunresdœg] in Ascensione Domini (Quad.) GAS 53; det su[um]heorþpenig in sancto die Jovis [AS: on halgan þunresdœg] (Quad., Rect.) Ib. 446; s1177 (v. absolvere 9e); 1207 (v. absolutio 5b); 1246 die Jovis proxima post nativitatem BMV Reg. Paisley 25; s1344 solempnitas duravit diebus Dominica, Lune, Martis, et Mercurii‥. mane, hoc est die Jovis, superveniente ‥, fecit se rex solempniter parari ‥ Ad. Mur. Chr. 231; Thursday, dies Jovis, feria quinta CathA.  g pisces per dies Veneris DB I 149; decantetur omni die Veneris [AS: œlc Frigdœge] ‥ unum quinquagenarium pro rege (Quad.) GAS 169; c1144 totam terram ‥ sicut ‥ circuivimus die Veneris crastino Ascensionis Domini E. Ch. Scot. 141; s1238 dies Veneris ‥ sancta (v. antonomastice b); s1305 (v. bonus 3d); 14‥ dies Veneris sancta, viz. dies proprius Passionis Conc. Scot. II 75; Fryday, dies Veneris, feria sexta CathA.  h paratus esto die Sabbati hinc nobiscum Romam transire Osb. V. Dunst. 41; mercatum ‥ sedet die Sabbati DB II 379; 1196 die Sabbati ante Purificationem CurR I 25; 1246 (15c) actum ‥ die Saboti prima post festum S. Nicholai Inchaffray 62; 1391 assueta est emere ‥ gallinas ‥ in mercato diebus Sabbati et ea diebus Dominicis vendere Leet Norw. 72; 1434 diebus †Sabativis [l. Sabatinis] Reg. Heref. 177; 1584 ante septimam horam meridianam diei Saturni ‥ precedentis ‥ tempus electionis StatOx 436. 6 day of the month: a reckoned backwards from calends, ides, or nones. b reckoned forwards from first day. c reckoned in latter half (mense exeunte) backwards from end. d unlucky day (cf.OED s. v. dismal). e (w. mensis) month’s mind (commemoration of death after one month). a 601 (v. dare 13a); 675 (15c) sub die Kalendarum Aprilis CS 36; die quarto Nonarum Februariarum Bede HE II 7; peracto Pascha, hoc est vija Iduum Maiarum [v. l. Idus Mai] die Ib. V 23; 993 die xvj Kalendarum Augustarum CD 684; dies Kalendarum Lanfr. Const. 89; s1344 die Januarii xix et xiiij Kalendas Februarii Ad. Mur. Chr. 155.  b s664 facta est eclipsis solis die tertio mensis Maii Bede HE III 27; s1095 etc. (v. dare 13b).  c 1268 die tercia exeunte Madio AncC III 122; 1292 sexta die exeunte mense Decembri (Instrumentum) Anglo-Scot. Rel. 63 (cf. ib. 70: 1296 quinta die intrante mense Aprili); die undecimo exeunte mense Junio Graystanes 26.  d Itin. Ric. II 5 (v. conjecturare 1a); W. Newb. HA IV 1; Gilb. I 74. 1 (v. Aegyptiacus b); s1249 quidam ‥ illo die non regem sed militem facere voluerunt, dicentes quia dies Egyptiacus est Fordun Cont. X 1; Pharios ‥ dies Garl. Tri. Eccl. 88 (v. digitare c).  e 1412 lego pro ‥ distribucionibus faciendis inter pauperes die obitus mei ‥ item in die mensis obitus mei Reg. Cant. II 33; 1417 volo quod ‥ omnes capellani ‥ pannis nigris vestientur in die mensis mei Ib. 132. 7 day of (solar) year. b year’s mind, anniversary (usu. of death). c day of Christian calendar. anni vertente quoque die Eddi 3; sol annuum caeli ambitum ‥ non in ccclxv diebus sed superadditis sex horis adimplere cognoscitur Bede TR 38; s1242 etc. (v. canicularis c); Bracton 359b (v. bissextus a); Bacon Tert. 275 (v. annus 1b); 1307 exceptis ‥ diebus saltatis IPM 129/17.  b c1220 etc. (v. anniversarius 1c); 1335 diem anniversarium Willelmi patris ipsius W. et Matillis matris sue Eng. Clergy 259; s1459 (v. annalis 6a).  c Aldh. VirgV 1605 (v. coste); unde mos obtinuit ecclesiasticus ut dies beatorum martyrum sive confessorum Christi quibus de saeculo transierunt natales vocitemus eorumque sollemnia non funebria sed natalitia dicantur Bede Hom. II 13. 157 (cf. Lyndw. 104 s. v. depositio 3b); die sancto Paschae Id. HE III 6; usque ad diem Ascensionis dominicae Cuthb. Ob. Baedae clx; die paschali Herm. Arch. 17; Osb. V. Dunst. 41 (v. ascensio 1d); in xij diebus Nativitatis DB I 262v; omnibus liberis hominibus dies isti condonati sunt ‥: xij dies in sancto Natali Domini [AS: xij dagas on Gehhol] ‥ (Quad.) GAS 79; Sancti Martini die [AS: on Martinus mœssedœg] (Quad., Rect.) Ib. 446; 1198 a die S. Michaelis in j mensem CurR I 41; Cust. Westm. 90, etc. (v. cena 2b); 1268 etc. (v. cinis 2b); Obs. Barnwell 150 (v. anima 5f); 1303 die de la Hok’[Hockday] CourtR 192/59 rot. ult.; 1412 pro pauperibus scolaribus in die S. Nicholai depascendis StatOx 215; ’ante Annunciacionem’, i. diem quo celebratur festum Annunciacionis B. Marie; et supple ’diem finitum’ Lyndw. 23 f (cf. Conc. Syn. II 82n 3). 8 (eccl. or acad.): a day dist. as festal or ferial (‘private’). b fast-day. c day of penance. d day on which sermon is preached. e day appointed for lecture or disputation. a dies festos celebrant Gildas EB 12; nempe die festo laxantur frena rigoris! Aldh. VirgV 1591; cum gaudio spiritali venerabilium patrum nostrorum festivos celebrare dies Alcuin WillP I 31; missa matutinalis de Dominica, major de vigilia. alia vero die, sicut privatis diebus, signa pulsentur Lanfr. Const. 92; in die festo S. Martini DB I 174; aderat dies pro diei illius recordatione festivus Ailr. Ed. Conf. 748C; in diebus ferialibus, quando de feria agitur Offic. Sal. 14 (cf. ib. 36: tam in festis quam in profestis diebus); 1283 die festiva vel non festiva RGasc II 204; Swafham 111 (v. cappa 5d); 1342 communibus diebus (v. communis 9b); c1360 j vestimentum ‥ pro diebus festivis; j vestimentum ‥ pro diebus ferialibus Fabr. York 279; Ib. 123 (v. duplex 4a).  b jejuniorum diebus ‘gloria in excelsis Deo’ non canitur RegulC 59; ad sacros jejunialis abstinentie dies Gir. Spec. II 24 p. 69; 1257 etc. (v. caro 1b); c1260 tribus diebus quarti jejunii [ember days] in ebdomada Pentecostes statim post capitulum ibunt in dormitorium Cust. Norw. 123; 1268 (v. 1 carnalis 1b); 1268 duo fercula de coquina tam diebus carnalibus quam diebus piscinis Fines 251/21/25; 1283 diebus ‥ quibus jejunatur Cust. Westm. 63; 1307 diebus piscium una fercula piscium precii oboli Year Bk. I (Selden Soc. XVII) 5; 1370 in Epiphania ‥ in die comedunt in refectorio si contigerit in die piscium Cust. Norw. 239; c1472 (v. abstinentia 1); 1493 solut’ xx servientibus infra abbathiam capientibus in diebus piscium pro eorum soulsilver per totum annum extra Quadragesimam iiij li. Ac. Durh. 652.  c 680 non prius ‥ quam xl dierum spatia in penitendo peragere compellantur Aldh. Ep. 4; vij dies in pane et aqua, lxx sine pinguedine peniteat Theod. Pen. I 1. 6; R. Cicestr’ episcopus [ob. 1123] ‥ eas [reliquias] ‥ annuatim requirentibus vij dies de penitentia indulsit Chr. Battle f. 48; ecclesia dedicata est in honore S. Andree die Translacionis S. Benedicti. eodem die xxx dies veniales [of indulgence for those hearing mass] Vis. S. Paul. 11; 1279 omnibus parochianis nostris ‥ xl dies de injuncta sibi penitencia relaxamus Reg. Ebor. 22; s1340 archiepiscopus indulsit Christicolis cunctis [etc.] ac eciam omnibus qui predicacionem audierunt, de peccatis suis vere penitentibus et confessis, concessit xl dies Birchington Arch. Cant. 23 (cf. ib.: confitentibus peccata indulgenciam xx dierum concessit).  d c1340 cum ‥ fuerit ‥ statutum ut diebus singulis in ordine predicabilibus sermones ‥ habeantur FormOx 308; 1526 Dominicis et sermonum diebus Vis. Thame 714; duas ‥ sellas ‥ quibus cantor et succentor chori diebus sermonum insiderent Ferr. Kinloss 74.  e a1350 statuit universitas vesperias ‥ posse ‥ teneri in die quolibet apud arcistas legibili ‥; incepciones vero non nisi die disputabili vel saltim apud arcistas festine legibili celebrentur StatOx 36; 1458 bacallarius [collegii S. Andree] omni die legibili in theologia legere [teneatur] Mon. Hib. & Scot. 408b; 1549 ut theologus ‥ omni die legibili, saltem in unaquaque hebdomada, in sacris litteris publice legat et interpretetur Conc. Scot. II 100. 9 (theol.): a day of Creation. b Doomsday. a qualiter hunc mundum summi prudentia Patris / tempore praesentem tunc per bis terna dierum / fecerit Aldh. VirgV 673; si dies illi, in quibus Moyses istum mundum non simul esse factum videtur dicere, aliter sunt intelligendi quam sicut videmus istos dies in quibus vivimus, intelligere nequeo quomodo facti sint angeli in illo integro numero Anselm (CurD I 18) II 77; creatio lucis proprie dicta est opus prime diei S. Langton Gl. Hist. Schol. 41; prima die creavit celum et terram. sed ante lucem non erat dies ‥; ergo simul facta est lux et dies primus et que fiunt in primo die. dicendum quod equivoce sumitur dies, sc. pro naturali et artificiali Hales Sent. II 116–7.  b in die judicii Gildas EB 28; dies munerum, punitio reorum GlC D 263; 679 in die judicii rationem reddet Deo in anima sua CS 45; 815 sciat se a Deo in die magno ‥ ejectum CS 353; 845 diem tremendum CS 450; 858 in die magni aexaminis, quando celum et terra moventur CS 496; 933 novissima ac magna examinationis die classica archangeli clangente salpice, bustis sponte patentibus somata jam rediviva propellentibus CS 694; tunc tantam lugentis populi videres confusionem ‥ ut diem judicii adesse ‥ putares Osb. V. Dunst. 42; s992 architectoris [Elphegi] ‥ exuvie deposite diem extremum operiuntur resumende Chr. Rams. 107; 1170 ne ‥ una vobiscum in die judicii dampnationis sententia involvamur (Lit. Papae) Diceto YH 340; hic liber ab indigenis Domesdei nuncupatur, id est ‘dies judicii’ per metaphoram Dial. Scac. II 16B; cessa, caro, lascivire, / quia dies instat ire P. Blois Caro & Spir. 1130A; ut separatus sit a consorcio aliorum, tradatur Sathane in interitum carnis, ut spiritus salvus fiat in die judicii Cust. Westm. 206; si quis cogitaret districti judicii diem [ME: dom of domes dei] AncrR 35; quod anime purgate non vident facialiter Deum ante diem judicii Ockham Dial. 740. 10 a market or fair day. b working day or day’s work (esp. man.). c day on which free food is supplied; cf. cibus c. d day as measure of farm or food-rent. e day’s rent or profit. a c1150 ferie iiij dierum quam episcopus habebat alios quatuor dies ferie ‥ in prebendam concedo (Ch. Comitis Heref.) Reg. Heref. 1283–1317 48; 1263 concessi ‥ in quolibet die nundinarum suarum j pipam vini (Agardsley, Staffs) BBC 129; 1283 si bos ‥ vendatur per extraneum ad diem mercati, dabit venditor nobis j d. pro leuda (Liber B) Foed. II 262b (cf. ib.: dabit venditor extraneus in die fori pro leuda ‥ ij d.); 1315 pro pondere j hominis rerum predictarum solvetur obolus in diebus fori et in diebus nundinarum j d. RGasc IV 1626 p. 474; diebus fori Quon. Attach. 48. 14 (v. comitatus 6e); 13‥ quod nullus bladarius nec alius emat bladum ‥ antequam aperte expectaverint ‥ per tres dies mercatus MGL I 454; c1525 ad faciendam publicam proclamationem ‥ duobus diebus mercatoriis infra ij dies proxim’ post deliberationem ‥ brevium Entries 592b.  b secabant in pratis domini sui ‥ unam diem DB I 174v; 1185 pro j tofto [reddit] ij s‥. et iiij dies operis et le present Rec. Templars 86; 1226 quod faciet nobis singulis diebus operabilibus c quarellos Cl 92a; 1275 cum predictis bobus et caruca per quemlibet diem operabilem arravit Hund. I 67; 1283 si die operali festivitas evenerit, dabunt alium diem in septimana Cart. Blyth 420; c1283 debent operari tota die excepta hora comedendi Cust. Battle 28; 1353 solut’ Johanni le Redere operanti super dormitorium per xxxij dies operabiles Sacr. Ely II 154.  c 1279 (v. companagium).  d Beddinges ‥ reddebat unum diem de firma DB I 28; dimidiam diem firmae reddidit in omnibus rebus DB I 38v; inter totum reddidit per annum ‥ dim. diem ad firmam regis in frumento et melle et aliis rebus ad firmam pertinentibus DB I 209; reddebat dimidium diem mellis et consuetudinem mellis DB II 110; c1182 (v. cotlanda a).  e 1241 (v. annus 4b). 11 (leg.): a day appointed for appearance in court, hearing of judgement, etc. b day for amicable settlement. c day available for court business. d day’s session of court (‘law-day’ or sim.). e formal colloquy or parley. a si in eodem comitatu sit, inde ad vij dies terminum habeat; si in alia scira sit, xv dierum terminus ponatur (Leg. Hen. 41. 1a-1b) GAS 567–8; s1170 instabat peremptorius dies, ut sententia ulterius differri non posset J. Sal. Thom. 20; si [summonitus] non venit ‥, adversarius ejus ‥ coram justiciis appareat et se adversus eum liti offerat et ita in curia per tres dies expectabit. si vero nec quarta die venerit ‥, iterum per aliud breve summonebitur per intervalla xv dierum Glanv. I 7 (cf. ib.: si ad terciam summonitionem venerit et premissas summonitiones recognoverit, statim amittit saisinam nisi dies salvare possit per dominum regem guarantum); 1196 etc. (v. audire 3c); 1196 ipse V. non venit nec se essoniavit; et receperat diem in Banco. judicium: ‥ ipsi eant sine die CurR I 19; 1206 ad diem sibi datum comparuit in curia et postea essoniavit se eo die de malo veniendi; et quoniam non servavit diem suum remanet in misericordia Ib. IV 216; 1224 (v. diffundere 5b); 1230 pone eis diem in crastino Trinitatis, quod sint coram baronibus de Scaccario nostro LTR Mem 11 r. 6d.; 1260 (v. brevis 1b); 1284 (v. adjornare a); 1287 R. B. habet diem legis sue [sc. vadiande] ad diem leg’ unde sum[monebatur] CourtR (Highworth) 170/57 r. 4; dies communes Hengham Magna 6 (v. communis 9b); cum in patriam ‥ se posuisset ‥, Willelmus contra ipsum dies de gracia concessit ac si fuisset in placito dotis State Tri. Ed. I 19.  b Brakelond 137v (v. concordia 2c); 1219 recepta die pacis inter eos reformande Reg. Ant. Linc. III 653; 1230 etc. (v. amor 5b); 1260 (v. concordare 2e); 1282 prece parcium datus est dies amoris inter R‥. et N‥. concordandi citra proximam curiam CourtR Hales 203; s1328 abbas ‥ cum ‥ comite diem sumsit amoris, in quo post multas altercaciones concordarunt in hunc modum ‥ Whittlesey Cont. 228; 1410 (v. amabilis c).  c †1307 (1305) ad primam diem judicialem post festum Penthecostes (v. adjornare a); ad alium diem legitimum APScot app. 275 (v. adjornare c); est summonicio certi diei et loci exhibicio, partibus facta ad diem legalem. est autem dies legalis in predictis placitis quaterdenus et unus dies sive xv dies Quon. Attach. 2 (cf. ib. 60: quod dies in quo datur judicium sit legalis et non festivus); 1321 sitis coram nobis tercio die juridico post festum Translacionis B. Thome ‥ venturo Lit. Cant. I 51; 1593 in proximo die juridico non legibili StatOx 450; in curiis illis, ad †quod [? l. quas] omni die placitabili confluunt studentes in legibus illis, quasi in scolis pupplicis leges ille leguntur et docentur Fortescue LLA 48 (cf. CurR XV 1567).  d s1245 rex [Francorum] cepit diem parliamenti cum domino papa M. Par. Maj. IV 484; 1290 cum ‥ Thomam ‥ ad diem baronum jam instantem in parliamento Parysius transmittamus RGasc II 552; 1291 consuetudo Wallie ‥ talis est quod in casibus ubi contenciones emerserunt inter magnates Wallie qui tenent de rege in capite quod [sic], antequam querela fiat in curia regis ‥, capi debet quidam dies amoris sive parliamenti, qui quidem dies vocatur ‘dies marchie’; et ibi per vicinos et amicos communes, qui sunt quasi justiciarii, debent hujusmodi querele proponi et per cons[uetudinem] marchie emendari (CoramR 127 r. 26d.) Abbr. Plac. 226 (cf. Arch. Cambr. 4th s. IX 244); 1359 ad quandam diem marchie apud Belymire [Scot.] tentam IMisc 178/23 r. 2; s1378 Wals. HA I 373 (v. consuetudinaliter); 1423 nec ad dies treugarum seu marchiarum vel curias forenses ‥ ipsos compellatis laborare Melrose II 507.  e 1354 que quidem obstupacio ad duos dies lete ‥ presentata fuit (Anc. Indict.) Pub. Works I 188; 1375 sunt ibi [Fairford, Glos] due [sic] legales dies, viz. ad Hokeday et S. Michaelis IPM 253 r. 1.

1 dĭēs, (4) ēī, m. et f. (au pl. toujours m. ), ¶ 1 le jour civil de vingt-quatre heures : postero die Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41 ; postera die Sall. J. 68, 2 ; altero die Cæs. C. 3, 19, 3 ; postridie ejus diei Cæs. G. 1, 23, 1, le lendemain ; post diem tertium ejus diei Cic. Att. 3, 7, 1, le surlendemain ; diem ex die exspectare Cic. Att. 7, 26, 3 ; diem de die prospectare Liv. 5, 48, 6, attendre de jour en jour ; in dies Cic. Top. 62, de jour en jour ; in diem vivere Liv. 22, 39, 14, vivre au jour le jour ; ad diem Treb. Gall. 17, pour un jour ; diem ex die Cæs. G. 1, 16, 4, un jour après un autre, de jour en jour ; paucis illis diebus Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 140, dans ces quelques derniers jours, peu de jours seulement auparavant ¶ 2 jour, date fixée : dabis nobis diem aliquem Cic. Nat. 3, 94, tu nous fixeras un jour ; dies dicta Cic. Fam. 16, 10, 2, le jour fixé ; dies colloquio dictus est Cæs. G. 1, 42, 3, un jour fut fixé pour lʼentrevue ; ad certam diem Cæs. G. 5, 1, 8, à un jour fixé ; ad diem Cæs. G. 5, 1, 9, au jour fixé ; his certum diem conveniendi dicit Cæs. G. 5, 57, 2, il leur désigne un jour de réunion précis || [en part.] diem dicere alicui Cic. Off. 3, 112, assigner à qqn un jour de comparution, intenter une accusation contre qqn, cf. Cæcil. 67 || dies pecuniæ Cic. Att. 10, 5, 3, jour de paiement( Liv. 34, 6, 13 ) ; comitiorum Cic. Phil. 2, 82, le jour des comices ¶ 3 le jour [opposé à la nuit] : dies noctesque Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4 ; diem noctemque Cæs. G. 7, 77, 11 ; nocte dieque Mart. 10, 58, 11, jour et nuit ; nocte et die Cic. Nat. 2, 24 ; diem noctem Cic. Div. 2, 59 ; diem ac noctem Liv. 22, 1, 20, pendant un jour et une nuit ; cum die Ov. M. 13, 677, avec le jour, à lʼaube ; de die Pl. As. 825, de jour, en plein jour || dubius dies Plin. Min. Ep. 6, 20, 6, jour douteux ¶ 4 jour [de la naissance, de la mort, de fièvre, etc.] : diem meum scis esse III Nonas Jan. ; aderis igitur Cic. Att. 13, 42, 2, tu sais que le jour de ma naissance est le 3 janvier ; tu viendras donc ; Non. Mart., die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam epistolam a te longiorem Cic. Att. 9, 2, ce 7 mars, ton jour de fièvre, je crois, jʼattends de toi une lettre assez longue || is dies fuit Nonæ Novembres Cic. Fam. 16, 3 [mais qui fuit dies Nonarum Septembrium Att. 4, 1, 5, cf. Fam. 3, 11, 1 ], ce jour là était le 5 novembre || v. obeo ; supremus ¶ 5 jour, événement mémorable : is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 3, çʼavait été pour moi la journée la plus honorable dans le sénat ; dies Alliensis Liv. 6, 1, 11, la journée de lʼAllia ¶ 6 jour, journée, emploi de la journée : excutere totum diem Sen. Ira 3, 36, 2, examiner de près toute sa journée, lʼemploi de toute sa journée || disposition dʼesprit [où lʼon se trouve tel ou tel jour] : qualem diem induisset Tac. Ann. 6, 20, selon son humeur du jour (cf. en français : être dans ses bons jours, dans ses mauvais jours) ¶ 7 journée de marche : regio dierum plus triginta in longitudinem patens Liv. 38, 59, 6, région qui sʼétend sur plus de trente jours de marche, en longueur ¶ 8 temps, délai : diem inquirendi perexiguam postulare Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 6, demander un délai très court pour faire une enquête ; diem ad deliberandum sumere Cæs. G. 1, 7, 6, prendre le temps de délibérer || [en gén.] temps, durée : dies non levat luctum hunc Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2, le temps nʼallège pas cette affliction ¶ 9 lumière du jour, jour : non cernitur dies Plin. 33, 70, on ne voit pas le jour, cf. Plin. Min. Ep. 6, 20, 6 ; 9, 36, 2 ; Ov. M. 7, 411, etc. ¶ 10 climat, température : sub quocumque die est Luc. 7, 189, sous quelque ciel quʼil soit ; dies tranquillus Plin. 2, 115, temps calme.

➳ gén. arch. : dies Enn. Ann. 413 ; Cic. Sest. 28, dʼaprès Gell. 9, 14 ; die Virg. G. 1, 208 ; Sall. J. 52, 3 ; 97, 3, cf. Gell. 9, 14, 25 ; Prisc. Gramm. 7, 93 et 94 ; dii Virg. En. 1, 636, dʼaprès Gell. 9, 14, 8 || dat. arch. die Pl. Amph. 276, cf. Serv. Georg. 1, 208.

dies , ei. m. f. plur. m.
日光。一日。性命。一日之行爲。— solis 主日。禮拜日。— lunae 瞻禮二。禮拜—。— Martis 瞻禮三。禮拜二。— Mercurii 瞻禮四。禮拜三。— Jovis 瞻禮五。禮拜四。— Veneris 瞻禮六。禮拜五。 — Saturni 瞻禮七。禮拜六。— nominis vel pecuniae 還帳日。— annua 週年。滿年之日。— bima,trima 滿二年。满三年。— exiit 過時。— multus 深日。日已高。— negotiosi vel profesti 當工之日。— dubius 清早。晓時。Diem obire 死。Die caeca emere 賒買。Die oculata emere 現銀買。Diem laxiorem dare 宽還帳日。Reservare poenas in diem 寬罰之日。In diem 日日。In dies crescit 一日比一日大。 Diem dare 寫日。Dies in epistola appositus 札中月日。Die quinti 第五日。Dies, dis, dii pro* Diei.

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diēs gen.diēī or diē (rarely diei, disyl., T., or diī, V.), m sometimes in singf.

• DIV-, a day, civil day: Quae tot res in unum conclusit diem, T.: eo die, Cs.: in posterum diem, Cs.: paucos dies ibi morati, Cs.: alter et tertius dies absumitur, Ta.—Fem. (in prose only of a fixed term): diebus XXX, a quā die materia caesa est, Cs.: posterā die, S.: suprema, H.: atra, V.: tarda, O.—In phrases: paucis ante diebus, a few days earlier, S.: paucis post diebus, S.: postridie eius diei, the next day, Cs.: post diem tertium eius diei, the next day but one, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, from day to day: diem de die prospectans, L.: in dies, every day, Cs., C.: in diem rapto vivit, L.: cui licet in diem dixisse Vixi, etc., H.—Abl.diē, in a day, in one day, V.; rarely diē (i. e. cottidie or in diem), daily, V.—In dates: ante diem XII Kal. Nov., the twenty - first of October: in ante diem V Kal. Dec., till November28.—A set day, appointed time, term: hic nuptiis dictus est dies, T.: pecuniae, C., L.: iis certum diem conveniendi dicit, Cs.: die certo, S.: negotio proxumum diem constituit, S.: conloquio decretus, O.: ad diem praestitutum venire, L.: die tuo exspectabam, etc., your fever day: supremus vitae: obire diem supremum, die, N.— Fem. (only sing.): deportandi dies praestituta: certa eius rei constituta, Cs.: stata, L.: ubi ea dies venit, Cs.: praeteritā die, quā, etc., Cs.: esse in lege, quam ad diem, proscriptiones fiant. — In the phrase, dicere diem, with dat, to impeach, lay an accusation against: diem mihi, credo, dixerat: Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus.—A dying-day, time to die, destined time(poet.): Stat sua cuique dies, V.: Hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras, prematurely, O.— A natural day, day(opp. night): cum horā diei decimā venire: quantum scribam die (opp. noctibus), in the daytime: die et nocte concoqui, in a single day and night: multo denique die, late in the day, Cs.: in diem (somnum) extrahere, Ta.: exercere diem, work by daylight, V.: currūs rogat In diem, for a day, O.: diem noctemque procul navem tenuit, a day and a night, N.: Saturnalia diem ac noctem clamata, all day and all night, L.: diem noctemque, uninterruptedly, Cs.: Dies noctīsque me ames, T.: dies noctīsque iter faciens, N.: noctīs ac dies: et noctīs et dies.— With iter, of distances, a day's march, day's journey: huius silvae latitudo novem dierum iter expedito patet, forced marches, Cs.: quinque dierum iter aberant, L.— Daybreak, day: cum die, O.: ante diem, H.— An anniversary: quo die ad Aliam pugnatum, a clade Aliensem appellarunt, L.: diem meum scis esse III Non. Ian., birthday. —Meton., a day's work, event, day: is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu: dare illius diei poenas: ille dies Etruscorum fregit opes, Cs.: imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem, Ta.—A time, space of time, period, interval: diem se ad deliberandum sumpturum, Cs.: diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras, L.: ut sexenni die pecuniae solvantur, Cs.: in longiorem diem conlaturus, a later day, Cs.: perexigua, a brief interval: nulla, O.: (indutiarum) dies, the term, L.: messis, season, V.: Optuma aevi, period(i. e. youth), V.: Sole dies referente siccos, season, H.: diem adimere aegritudinem hominibus, T.: diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, a festival, L.: malum in diem abiit, to a future time, T.: nos in diem vivimus, for the moment.—Light of day, daylight(poet.): Inmissus quo dies terreat umbras, O.: volumina fumi Infecere diem, O.: oriens occiduusque dies, the East and the West, i. e. the world, O.— Personified, the god of day, O.— Fem.: Venus primo Caelo et Die nata.

DIES

DIES(of the same root as δῖοςand dens, Curtius, Gr. Etym. No. 269). The name dies was applied, like our word day, to the time during which, according to the notions of the ancients, the sun performed his course round the earth; and this time they called the civil day (dies civilis, in Greek νυχθήμερον, because it included both night and day. See Censorin. de Die Nat. 23; Plin. Nat.2.188; Macrob. Sat. 1.3). The natural day (dies naturalis), or the time from the rising to the setting of the sun, was likewise designated by the name dies. The civil day began with the Athenians at the setting of the sun, and with the Romans (as with the Egyptians and Hipparchus) at mid-night ; with the Babylonians at the rising of the sun, and with the Umbrians at mid-day. (Macrob. l. c.; Gellius (Gell. 3.2.) We have here only to consider the natural day; and as its subdivisions were different at different times, and not always the same among the Greeks as among the Romans, we shall endeavour to give a brief account of the various parts into which it was divided by the Greeks at the different periods of their history, and then proceed to consider its divisions among the Romans, to which will be subjoined a short list of remarkable days.

At the time of the Homeric poems, the natural day was divided into three parts (Il. 21.111). The first, called ἠώς, began with sunrise, and comprehended the whole space of time during which light seemed to be increasing, i. e. till mid-day. (Il. 8.66, 9.84; Od. 9.56.) Some ancient grammarians have supposed that in some instances Homer used the word ἠὼς for the whole day, but Nitzsch (Anmerkungen zur Odyssee, 1.125) has shown the incorrectness of this opinion. The second part was called μέσον ἦμαρ or mid-day, during which the sun was thought to stand still. (Hermias, ad Plat. Phaedr. p. 342.) The third part bore the name of δείλη or δείελον ἦμαρ (Od. 17.606; compare Buttman's Lexilog. ii. n. 95), which derived its name from the increased warmth of the atmosphere. The last part of the δείλη was sometimes designated by the words ποτὶ ἕσπερα or βουλυτός (Od. 17.191; Il. 16.779). Besides these three great divisions, no others seem to have been known at the time when the Homeric poems were composed. (Cf. Buchholz, Hom. Realien, 1.39-42.) The chief information respecting the divisions of the day in the period after Homer, and more especially the divisions made by the Athenians, is to be derived from Pollux (Onom. 1.68). The first and last of the divisions made at the time of Homer were afterwards subdivided into two parts. The earlier part of the morning was termed πρωῒ or πρὼ τῆς ἡμέρας: the later, i. e. from 9 or 10 till noon, πληθούσης τῆς ἀγορᾶς, or περὶ πλήθουσαν ἀγορὰν (Hdt. 4.181; Xen. Memorab. 1.1, § 10, Hellen. 1.1, § >30; Dion Chrysost. Orat. lxvii.). The μέσον ἦμαρ of Homer was afterwards expressed by μεσημβρία, μέσον ἡμέρας, or μέση ἡμέρα, and comprehended, as before, the middle of the day, when the sun seemed neither to rise nor to decline. The two parts of the afternoon were called δείλη πρωΐη or πρωΐα, and δείλη ὀψίη or ὀψία (Hdt. 7.167, 8.6-Z2; Thuc. 3.74, 8.26-Z2; Xen. Anab. 1.8, 8; compare Libanius, Epist. 1084). This division continued to be observed down to the latest period of Grecian history, though another more accurate division, and more adapted to the purposes of common life, was introduced at an early period; for Anaximander, or according to others, his disciple Anaximenes, is said to have made the Greeks acquainted with the use of the Babylonian chronometer or sun-dial (called πόλος or ὡρολόγιον, sometimes with the epithet σκιοθηρικόν or ἡλιαμάνδρον), by means of which the natural day was divided into twelve equal spaces of time. (Hdt. 2.109; Diog. Laert., 3; Plin. Nat.2.187; Suidas, s. v. Ἀναξίμανδρος.) These spaces were, of course, longer or shorter according to the various seasons of the year. The name hours (ὧραι), however, did not come into general use till a very late period, and the difference between natural and equinoctial hours was first observed by the Alexandrine astronomers.

During the early ages of the history of Rome, when artificial means of dividing time were yet unknown, the natural phenomena of increasing light and darkness formed with the Romans, as with the Greeks, the standard of division, as we see from the vague expressions in Censorinus (de Die Nat. 24). Pliny states (H. N. 7.212) that in the Twelve Tables only the rising and the setting of the sun were mentioned as the two parts into which the day was then divided, but from Censorinus (l. c.) and Gellius (Gell. 17.2) we learn that mid-day (meridies) was also mentioned. Varro (L. L. 6.4, 5) and Isidore (Orig. 5.30 and 31) likewise distinguished three parts of the day, viz. mane, meridies, and suprema, scil. tempestas, after which no assembly could be held in the forum (cf. XII. Tabb. in Censor. 24: Solis occasus suprema tempestas esto). The Lex Plaetoria prescribed that a herald should proclaim the suprema in the comitium, that the people might know that their meeting was to be adjourned (Varr. L. L. 6.5). But the division of the day most generally observed by the Romans, was that into tempus antemeridianum and pomeridianum, the meridies itself being only considered as a point at which the one ended and the other commenced. As it was of importance that this moment should be known, an officer [ACCENSUS ] of the consuls was directed to proclaim the time of mid-day, when from the Curia he saw the sun standing between the Rostra and the Graecostasis. The division of the day into twelve equal spaces, which, here as in Greece, were shorter in winter than in summer,

The day at Rome varies from 8 hrs. 54 min. on Dec. 23, to 15 hrs. 6 min. on June 25: hence the hour varied between 45 min. and 1 hr. 15 min. (Ideler, Chron. 2.13.)

was adopted at the time when artificial means of measuring time were introduced among the Romans from Greece. This was about the year B.C. 293, when L. Papirius Cursor, before the war with Pyrrhus, brought to Rome an instrument called solarium horologium, or simply solarium. (Plaut. ap. Gellium, 3.3.5; Plin. Nat.7.212). In B.C. 263 M. Valerius Messala brought one which he had taken at the capture of Catina; and although this was incorrect, having been constructed for a place 4° further south than Rome, it was in use for 99 years, before the error was discovered. In B.C. 164 the censor Q. Marcius Philippus had a more exact sun-dial constructed; but the time was still unknown in cloudy weather (Plin. l. c.). Scipio Nasica, therefore, erected in B.C. 159 a public clepsydra, which indicated the hours of the night as well as of the day (Censorin. 100.23). Before the erection of a clepsydra it was customary for one of the subordinate officers of the praetor to proclaim the third, sixth, and ninth hours; which shows that the day was, like the night, divided into four parts, each consisting of three hours. In daily life numerous terms were in use to denote the different parts of the day, mostly of a general and somewhat vague character. (Cf. Varr. L. L. 6.4-7 ; Servius on Aen. 2.268, 3.587; Isidor. Or. 5.31, 32.) See Dissen's treatise, De Partibus Noctis et Diei ex Divisionibus Veterum, in his Kleine Lateinische und Deutsche Schriften, pp. 130, 150. Compare the article HOROLOGIUM

All the days of the year were, according to different points of view, divided by the Romans into different classes. For the purpose of the administration of justice, and holding assemblies of the people, all the days were divided into dies fasti, dies nefasti, and dies partly fasti, partly nefasti.

I. Dies fasti

in the wider sense were days on which legal and political business could be lawfully transacted. They were divided into--

1. Dies fasti in the narrower sense, marked with F in the calendars. On these legal business could be conducted (Ov. Fast. 1.48, fastus erit per quem lege licebit agi ; Varr. L. L. 6.29, dies fasti per quos praetoribus omnia verba sine piaculo licet fari). The word is derived by the ancients from fari; but although the root is undoubtedly the same, the more immediate connexion is with fas.

2. Dies comitiales, days on which meetings of the people could legally be held, and on which, if there was no meeting convened, courts could be opened. (Macrob. Sat. 1.16, 14, quoting Varro: Comitiales sunt, quibus cum populo agi licet, et fastis quidem lege agi potest, cum populo non potest, comitialibus utrumque potest.) These days are marked C in the calendars. The nundinae belonged to this class, so far as the plebeians were concerned, from the first; but in early times they were nefasti for the patricians, a distinction removed in B.C. 287 by the Lex Hortensia (cf. Becker-Marquardt, 2.3, 61). Mommsen doubts this view.

II. Dies nefasti

Dies nefastiwere days on which no legal or political business could be done. Varro (L. L. 6.30) says: Contrarii horum(fastorum) vocantur dies nefasti, per quos dies nefas fari praetorem do, dico, addico,itaque non potest agi, necesse enim aliquo eorum uti verbo, cum lege quid peragitur. These are again divided into two quite distinct classes:--

1. Dies nefasti or feriati,

on which no business could be done because the day was sacred to some festival (a dies festus). These are marked in the calendars. This sign was commonly interpreted nefastus parte or nefastus principio, and was explained to mean that the day was one during the earlier part of which no business could be done. But Mommsen (Chronol. p. 220; C. I. L. 1. p. 366) showed that this view was quite untenable. It is sufficiently disproved by the fact that thus there would be no difference between and EN, and that the former sign is prefixed to all holidays in the calendar except the Feralia, while it is quite impossible to believe that there was no whole holiday observed at Rome. The sign Mommsen explains to be, like M‘ when used as an abbreviation for Manius, a modification of the archaic M with five strokes (); but there is little to support this view. Huschke interprets it as for Nefastus Purus.

2. Dies religiosior dies vitiosi,

sometimes called atri, marked in the calendars by R. These were unlucky days, which had been declared to be such by a decree of the senate in consequence of some disaster which had taken place upon them. All the dies postriduani were included under this head; i. e. the days after the calends, the nones and the ides, because these were believed to have been specially unfortunate (Ov. Fast. 1.59, 60, Omen ab eventu est: illis nam Roma diebus damna sub averso tristia Marte tulit). On these days it was not only unlawful to transact any legal or political business, but it was also unlucky to begin any affair of importance. (Cf. Gellius (Gell. 4.9, 5: Religiosi dies dicuntur tristi omine infames impeditique, in quibus et res divinas facere et rem quampiam novam exordiri temperandum est.)

III. Days partly fasti and partly not, including : 1. Dies intercisi,

marked in the calendars by EN, for endotercisi (endo being an archaic form of in, as in endoperator). On these days a victim was sacrificed in the morning, and the exta offered in the evening. Between the sacrifice and the offering the day was fastus; before the former and after the latter it was nefastus. (Varr. L. L. 6.31; Ov. Fast. 1.49; Macrob. Sat. 1.10, 2, 3.)

2. Dies fissi

Dies fissi,three in number. To two of these, March 24th and May 24th, are prefixed the letters Q. R. C. F., i. e. quando rex (sacrorum) comitiavit, fas. These were probably the days on which the rex presided in the comitia calata for the purpose of the testamenti factio (Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. ii.2 37). These days were even in ancient times confused with the Regifugium, i.e. February 24th, and the letters were wrongly interpreted quando rex comitio fugit. To the third, June 15th, is prefixed Q. ST. D. F., i.e. quando stercus delatum fas: on this day the temple of Vesta was solemnly cleansed by the Vestals, and the filth carried away or thrown into the Tiber (Ov. Fast. 6.707), no other business being permitted on this day.

Mommsen (C. I. L. 1. p. 373) calculates that the year contained 45 dies fasti, 194 dies comitiales, 48 dies nefasti or feriati, 57 dies religiosi, 8 dies intercisi, and 3 dies fissi.

Another division of the days of the year was of a purely religious character, with which naturally the former division to a certain extent coincided, in a city so dominated by religious scruples as Rome:-- (1) Dies festi, on which the gods were honoured by (a) sacrificia, (b) epulae, (c) ludi, (d) feriae. The feriae were of three kinds: 1, stativae, the date of which was fixed; 2, conceptivae, the date of which was determined each year by the proper officials; 3, imperativae, special holidays, proclaimed by authority, such as supplicationes. (2) Dies profesti, ordinary working-days.(3) Dies intercisi, of a mixed character.

Macrobius (1.16), in describing the division of the dies profesti, adds to the d. fasti and d. comitiales, comperendini, quibus vadimonium licet dicere; stati, qui iudicii causa cum peregrino instituuntur; and proeliares, quibus fas est res repetere vel hostem lacessere. These were of little practical importance, and do not appear with any distinguishing mark in the calendars.

For the NUNDINAEcf. s. v. (See Marquardt, Röm. Alterth. vi. pp. 270-287.)

[A.S.W]

Dies

The ancients distinguished (1) dies civilis (νυχθήμερον), the time in which the sun apparently completed a course around the earth, including thus both night and day; and

(2) dies naturalis or the time between the rising and the setting of the sun. The civil day began with the Athenians at the setting of the sun; with the Romans (as with the Egyptians and Hipparchus) at midnight; with the Babylonians at the rising of the sun, and with the Umbrians at mid-day (Macrob. Saturn. i. 3; Gell.iii. 2).

At the time of the Homeric poems, the natural day was divided into three parts (Il. xxi. 111). The first, called ἠώς, began with sunrise and comprehended the whole space of time during which light seemed to be increasing—i. e. till mid-day (Il. viii. 66, ix. 84; Od. ix. 56). The second part was called μέσον ἦμαρ or mid-day, during which the sun was thought to stand still (Hermias, ad Phaedr. p. 342). The third part bore the name of δείλη or δείελον ἦμαρ ( Od. xvii. 606; cf. Buttman's Lexilog. ii. n. 95), which derived its name from the increased warmth of the atmosphere. The last part of the δείλη was sometimes designated by the words ποτὶ ἕσπερα or βουλυτός ( Od. xvii. 191; Il. xvi. 779).

The first and last of the divisions made at the time of Homer were afterwards subdivided into two parts. The earlier part of the morning was termed πρωΐ or πρῲ τῆς ἡμέρας; the later—i. e. from 9 or 10 till noon—πληθούσης τῆς ἀγορᾶς or περὶ πλήθουσαν ἀγορὰν. The μέσον ἦμαρ of Homer was afterwards expressed by μεσημβρία, μέσον ἡμέρας, or μέση ἡμέρα, and comprehended, as before, the middle of the day, when the sun seemed neither to rise nor to decline. The two parts of the afternoon were called δείλη πρωΐη or πρωΐα, and δείλη ὀψίη or ὀψία. This division continued to be observed down to the latest period of Grecian history, though another more accurate division, and one more adapted to the purposes of common life, was introduced at an early period; for Anaximander, or according to others, Anaximenes, is said to have made the Greeks acquainted with the use of the Babylonian chronometer or sundial (called πόλος or ὡρολόγιον, sometimes with the epithet σκιοθηρικόν or ἡλιαμάνδρον), by means of which the natural day was divided into twelve equal spaces of time. These spaces were, of course, longer or shorter according to the various seasons of the year. The name hours (ὧραι), however, did not come into general use till a very late period, and the difference between natural and equinoctial hours was first observed by the Alexandrian astronomers. See Pollux, Onom. i. 68.

During the early ages of the history of Rome, the natural phenomena of increasing light and darkness formed with the Romans, as with the Greeks, the standard of division, as we see from the vague expressions in Censorinus (De Die Nat. 24). In the Twelve Tables only the rising and the setting of the sun and mid-day (meridies) were mentioned as the parts into which the day was then divided. Varro (L. L. vi. 4, 5) and Isidorus (Orig. v. 30 and 31) likewise distinguished three parts of the day—viz. mane, meridies, and suprema, sc. tempestas, after which no assembly could be held in the Forum.

But the division of the day most generally observed by the Romans was that into tempus antemeridianum and pomeridianum, the meridies itself being considered only as a point at which the one ended and the other commenced. As it was of importance that this moment should be known, an officer (see Accensi) of the consuls was directed to proclaim the time of mid-day, when from the Curia he saw the sun standing between the Rostra and the Graecostasis. The division of the day into twelve equal spaces, which, here as in Greece, were shorter in winter than in summer, was adopted at the time when artificial means of measuring time were introduced among the Romans from Greece. This was about the year B.C. 293, when L. Papirius Cursor, before the war with Pyrrhus, brought to Rome an instrument called solarium horologium, or simply solarium (Plaut. ap. Gellium, iii. 3. 5; Plin. H. N. vii. 212). In B.C. 263, M. Valerius Messala brought one which he had taken at the capture of Catina; and although this was incorrect, having been constructed for a place 4° farther south than Rome, it was in use for 99 years before the error was discovered. In B.C. 164, the censor Q. Marcius Philippus had a more exact sundial constructed; but the time was still unknown in cloudy weather. Scipio Nasica, therefore, erected in B.C. 159 a public clepsydra, which indicated the hours of the night as well as of the day (Censor. c. 23). Before the erection of a clepsydra it was customary for one of the subordinate officers of the praetor to proclaim the third, sixth, and ninth hours; which shows that the day was, like the night, divided into four parts, each consisting of three hours. In daily life numerous terms were in use to denote the different parts of the day, mostly of a general and somewhat vague character. (Cf. Varr. L. L. vi. 4-7; Servius on Aen. ii. 268; iii. 587; Orig. v. 31, 32.) See, also, the article horologium.

All the days of the year were, according to different points of view, divided by the Romans into different classes. For the purpose of the administration of justice and of holding assemblies of the people all the days were divided into dies fasti, dies nefasti, and dies partly fasti, partly nefasti.

1. Dies fasti, in the wider sense, were days on which legal and political business could be lawfully transacted. They were divided into:

(a) Dies fasti, in the narrower sense, marked with F in the calendars. On these legal business could be conducted (Ovid, Fast. i. 48, fastus erit per quem lege licebit agi; Varr. L. L. vi 29, dies fasti per quos praetoribus omnia verba sine piaculo licet fari). The word is derived by the ancients from fari; but, although the root is undoubtedly the same, the more immediate connection is with fas.

(b) Dies comitiales, days on which meetings of the people could legally be held, and on which, if there was no meeting convened, courts could be opened (Macrob. Saturn. i. 16).

These days are marked C in the calendar.

2. Dies nefasti were days on which no legal or political business could be done (Varr. L. L. vi. 30). These are again divided into two quite distinct classes:

(a) Dies nefasti or feriati, on which no business could be done because the day was sacred to some festival. These are marked NP in the calendars. This sign was commonly interpreted nefastus parte or nefastus principio, and was explained to mean that the day was one during the earlier part of which no business could be done. But Mommsen (Chronol. p. 220; C. I. L. i. 366) showed that this view was quite untenable, and explains the sign to be, like M' when used as an abbreviation for Manius, a modification of the archaic M with five strokes (MV).

(b) Dies religiosi or vitiosi, sometimes called atri, marked in the calendars by R. These were unlucky days, which had been declared to be such by a decree of the Senate in consequence of some disaster which had taken place upon them. All the dies postriduani were included under this head —i. e. the days after the Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides—because these were believed to have been especially unfortunate (Ovid, Fast. i. 59, 60). On these days it was not only unlawful to transact any legal or political business, but it was also unlucky to begin any affair of importance. Cf. Gell. iv.9.5.

3. Days partly fasti and partly not, including:

(a) Dies intercisi, marked in the calendars by EN, for endotercisi (endo- being an archaic form of in, as in endoperator). On these days a victim was sacrificed in the morning and the exta offered in the evening. Between the sacrifice and the offering the day was fastus; before the former and after the latter it was nefastus (Varr. L. L. vi. 31; Ovid, Fast. i. 49).

(b) Dies fissi, three in number. To two of these, March 24 and May 24, are prefixed the letters Q. R. C. F.—i. e. quando rex (sacrorum) comitiavit, fas. These days were, even in ancient times, confused with the Regifugium—i. e. February 24— and the letters were wrongly interpreted quando rex comitio fugit. To the third, June 15, is prefixed Q. ST. D. F.—i. e. quando stercus delatum fas; on this day the temple of Vesta was solemnly cleansed by the Vestals, and the filth carried away or thrown into the Tiber (Ovid, Fast. vi. 707), no other business being permitted on this day.

Mommsen (C. I. L. i. p. 373) calculates that the year contained 45 dies fasti, 194 dies comitiales, 48 dies nefasti or feriati, 57 dies religiosi, 8 dies intercisi, and 3 dies fissi.

Another division of the days of the year was of a purely religious character, with which naturally the former division to a certain extent coincided in a city so dominated by religious scruples as Rome:

1. Dies festi, on which the gods were honoured by (a) sacrificia, (b) epulae, (c) ludi, (d) feriae. See Feriae.

2. Dies profesti, ordinary working-days.

3. Dies intercisi, of a mixed character.

For the Nundinae, see the article with that title.