canticum

cantĭcum, i, n. [cantus].

• Lit., a song in the Roman comedy, sung by one person, and accompanied by music and dancing; a monody, solo: nosti canticum (in Demiurgo Turpilii), meministi Roscium, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1: agere, Liv. 7, 2, 9: desaltare, Suet. Calig. 54: histrio in cantico quodam, id. Ner. 39: Neroniana, id. Vit. 11: Atellanis notissimum canticum exorsis, id. Galb. 13.—
• II A song, in gen.: chorus canticum Insonuit, Phaedr. 5, 7, 25: canticum repetere, id. 5, 7, 31: omne convivium obscenis canticis strepit, Quint. 1, 2, 8; 1, 10, 23; cf. id. 1, 8, 2; 1, 12, 14; 9, 2, 35; 11, 3, 13.—
• • • 2 Esp. Canticum Canticorum, the Song of Songs, the Canticles, Vulg.—Hence,
  • B A singing tone in the delivery of an orator, Cic. Or. 18, 57; Plin. Ep. 2, 14, 13; cf. Quint. 1, 8, 2; 11, 3, 13.—
• III A lampoon, a libellous song, Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 15; cf. Ap. Apol. 75, p. 322, 8.—
• • B A magic formula, incantation, Ap. Apol. p. 301, 12.

canticum, ī, n. (cano), I) Gesang, Lied (als Text, der gesungen wird od. gesungen werden kann), rusticum vetus c., Macr.: carmina et cantica, Quint.: cantica Nili (ägyptische), Gaditana susurrare, Mart.: canticum adulescentiae garrire, von der Nachtigall, Apul.: auch v. Gesang des Chors auf der Bühne, Phaedr. 5, 7, 25. – dah. der gesangartige Ton od. Vortrag in der Rede, der Rezitativton, Liederton, Cic. or. 57. Quint. 11, 3, 167. Plin. ep. 2, 14, 13. – II) insbes.: A) als szen. t. t., im engern Sinne eine Art von Monolog (μονῳδία), der gesangartig unter Flötenbegleitung mit ausdrucksvoller Mimik vorgetragen wurde, im weitern Sinne ein Rezitativ, rezitierender Vortrag mit musikalischer Begleitung (heutzutage melodramatischer Vortrag), Cic. ep. 9, 22, 1. Phaedr. 2, 7, 25. Suet. Cal. 54, 2. Diom. 491, 30: canticum agere, Liv. 7, 2, 9. – Vgl. Brix Plaut. trin. Einleit. S. 20. – B) eine Zauberformel, ein Zauberspruch, Apul. apol. 42. – C) ein zotiges Lied, ein Schimpflied, Pasquill, Petr. u.a.: cantica obscoena, Quint. – vulg. Nbf. canticus, Victorin. comm. in Pauli epist. ad Ephes. 5, 19.

canticum [CL] 1 song, ballad. b theme of song, byword. nec peto Castalidas metrorum cantica nimphas Aldh. VirgV 24; ~um, sum swegesang Ælf. Gl.; s1266 quibus temporibus, ut quidam ferunt, surrexit ille Robertus Hude, de quo †fuerit [? l. fuerunt] ~a Plusc. VII 27; s1307 vidit ‥ Edwardum regem a magna multitudine demonum raptum et ad inferos cum ~o ductum Ib. IX 9; 1338 cantabat joculator quidam ~um Colbrondi ‥ in aula prioris (Reg. S. Swith.) Med. Stage I 56; a sange, cantus, ‥ cantilena, ~um CathA.  b c1245 regularis observantie ‥ enormes transgressores, qui totius patrie scandalum sunt et ~um Gros. Ep. 108. 2 canticle or sim. (eccl.). b (w. graduum) gradual (chanted on steps). c (w. Canticorum) Song of Songs (bibl.). ut ‥ ~um quod canebant [moniales] tremefactae intermitterent Bede HE IV 7; cum litteris edoctus psalmorum ~um discere maluisset Felix Guthl. 22 (cf. ib. 23: ~is, psalmis, hymnis ‥ inbutus); ~um, psalm æfter hærpansang Ælf. Gl.; 1006 in Septuagesima dimittimus ~a caelestia, hoc est Alleluia et ‘Gloria in excelsis Deo’, usque in vigiliam Pasce Comp. Swith. 180; in crastino [sc. die Purificationis] ~a ‘Populus qui ambulabat ‥’ [Is. ix 2] Lanfr. Const. 96; s1142 in ecclesia Dunelmensi interdictum est divinum officium cessavitque in ea omne divinum ~um J. Hex. HR Cont. 312; s1229 agentes processiones in hymnis et ~is, reconciliaverunt Deo loca universa diuturnis infidelium sordibus prophanata Wend. II 372; ingenii vires in ediscendo memoriter psalterio, hymnis, ~is et id genus aliis exercuit Ferr. Kinloss 63.  b illis xij vere humilitatis gradibus ascensis, ~um graduum cantas H. Los. Ep. 23; 14‥ Augustinus super ~a graduum et usque ad finem psalterii in j volumine Cart. Reading F 118.  c quo [activo] apud nos genere ~a ~orum scripta sunt ‥ ubi vox alternans Christi et ecclesiae ‥ manifeste reperitur Bede AM 2381; correctores dimiserunt illud in novis Bibliis et in omnibus antiquis quatuor ~orum similiter, ubi dicitur ‘sicut malum inter ligna silvarum’ [Cant. ii. 3] Bacon Maj. III 112; ‘recti diligunt te’ ~i j [Cant. i 3] AncrR 5; 1501 glose super ~a ~orum Cant. Coll. Ox. 20. 3 bird-song. praepetibus sic complens aera catervis, / garrula quae rostris resonantes cantica pipant Aldh. VirgV 15; alauda ‥ / descendens format cantica lege nova Neckam DS II 770.

cantĭcum, (12) ī, n. (cano), chant, chanson : Sen. Ep. 114, 1 ; Quint. 1, 2, 8 ; 1, 10, 23 || [au théâtre] morceau chanté avec accompagnement de flûte par un chanteur debout à côté du musicien, tandis que lʼacteur en scène exécute la mimique : Liv. 7, 2 ; Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1 || récitatif : Cic. Or. 57 ; Quint. 11, 3, 167 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 2, 14, 13 || chant religieux, cantique : Eccl. || chanson, vers satiriques : Ps. Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 15 || chant magique, enchantement : Apul. M. 4, 22.

canticum , i. n.
歌曲。

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canticum ī, n

• cantus.—In comedy, a musical monologue, recitative, monody: nosti canticum: agere, L.—A song: chorus canticum Insonuit, Ph. —In an orator, sing-song.

CANTICUM

CAN´TICUMThe grammarian Diomedes (p. 491, Keil) says: Latinae comoediae duobus tantum membris constant, diverbio et cantico; and he adds, in canticis una tantum debet esse persona, aut si duae fuerint, ita debent esse, ut ex occulto una audiat, nec colloquatur, sed secum, si opus fuerit, verba faciat. Hence it has been commonly supposed, on this authority, that the cantica were lyric monologues, sung to the music of the flute, while the diverbia were simply recited. But this hypothesis is at variance with another statement of the same grammarian, in Latinis fabulis plura sunt cantica quae canuntur: for lyrical monologues take a very subordinate place in most Roman comedies, and in some do not appear at all. Ritschl (Rhein. Mus. 26.599-637 =Opusc. 3.1-54) showed by a careful examination of the scenes to which the letters C (canticum) and DV (diverbium) are prefixed in certain MSS. of Plautus, that while the, diverbia are always written in iambic senarians, we must distinguish between two kinds of cantica: (1) those which are written in lyric metres, i. e. anapests, cretics, and bacchiacs; and (2) those which are composed in trochaic or iambic septenarians. The latter, marked in some copies of Terence with the sign M.M.C. (=modi mutati cantici), were delivered melodramatically, with a musical accompaniment; the former were sung to a sort of recitative. Taking these two kinds together, the cantica usually form a larger part of the play than the diverbia, and they appear to have been the better adapted to the taste of the Roman public, for there are instances in which, where the Greek original is in iambics, the Latin adaptation is written in septenarians. There is no doubt that cantica of both kinds occurred also in tragedies: cf. Cic. Tusc. 1.4. 4, 107, cum tam bonos septenarios fundat ad tibiam. According to Livy (Liv. 7.2), Livius Andronicus introduced the custom that the cantica should be sung by a young slave standing near the flute-player, while the actor accompanied his singing with the proper gesticulation. Whatever may be the historical value of this statement, it seems certain that in Livy's own time this was the practice; one which naturally led before long to the development of the pantomime. There are many indications that favourite cantica, like airs in modern operas, were sung separately at musical entertainments (Suet. Jul. 84; Tac. Ann. 13.15).

[A.S.W]

Cantĭcum

A technical term of the Roman stage. In the narrower sense it denoted a melody or air composed in changing rhythms, the text to which was sung behind the stage to the accompaniment of a flute, while the actor expressed the meaning by pantomime. In Cicero's time, however, the cantica were sometimes performed by the actors. In a wider sense the word might mean any part in a play which was not simply recited, but sung or performed in melodrama with musical accompaniments. See Drama.