lacus

lacus , ūs, m.: a lake, pool, source, 8.74; fen, 2.135.

lăcus, ūs (gen. laci, Vulg. Dan. 6, 17; 24; id. Jer. 37, 15; Cassiod. Var. 11, 14; dat. and abl. plur. lacis, Anthol. Lat. 5, 71, 10: lacibus, Plin. 23, 1, 20, § 33; usually lacubus, Ov. M. 12, 278 al.), m. [root lak, to tear; Gr. λάκος, λακερός, λάκκος; Lat. lacer, lacinia, lacuna, lāma; cf. lacerna; originally any thing hollow, hence].

• I A large vessel for liquids, a basin, tank, tub; esp. a vat into which the wine flowed from the press, Cato R. R. 25; 67, 2; Col. 12, 18, 3: tu quoque devotos, Bacche, relinque lacus, Tib. 2, 3, 64: de lacubus proxima musta tuis, Ov. F. 4, 888; a tank of water, in which heated metal was cooled: alii stridentia tingunt Aera lacu, Verg. G. 4, 173: gelido ceu quondam lamina candens tincta lacu, stridit, Ov. M. 9, 170: ferrum, igne rubens ... lacubus demittit, id. ib. 12, 278.—Hence,
• • B Transf.: oratio quasi de musto ac lacu fervida, i. e. still new, that has not done fermenting, Cic. Brut. 83, 288.—
• II A large body of water which rises and falls (opp. stagnum, a standing pool), a lake, pond: agri, aedificia, lacus, stagna, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 7: exhalant lacus nebulam, Lucr. 5, 463: deae, quae illos Hennenses lacus lucosque incolitis, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188; cf. 2, 4, 48, § 107: Averni, Lucr. 6, 746; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37: Albanus, id. Div. 1, 44, 100: Fucinus, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 124: dicebar sicco vilior esse lacu, Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 12: ad spurcos lacus, Juv. 6, 603.—Poet., of a river: deinde lacu fluvius se condidit alto Ima petens, Verg. A. 8, 66; cf. v. 74; of the Styx, id. ib. 6, 134; 238; 393.—
• III A large reservoir for water, a basin, tank, cistern (of which there were a great number in Rome), Front. 3; 78; Liv. 39, 44; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121: a furno redeuntes lacuque, Hor. S. 1, 4, 37.—A place called Lacus: garruli et malevoli supra Lacum, at the pond (perh. Lacus Curtius or Lacus Juturnae), Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 16 (477).—Prov.: siccus lacus, for something useless, Prop. 2, 11, 11 (3, 6, 12).—
• IV
• • • • a A hole in which lime is slacked, a lime-hole, Vitr. 7, 2, 2.—
      • b One of the bins or receptacles for pulse in a granary: sed et lacubus distinguuntur granaria, ut separatim quaeque legumina ponantur, Col. 1, 6, 14.—
      • c A den or cave for lions: labitur in lacum leonum, Prud. Cath. 4, 65; Vulg. Dan. 6, 7.—
      • d The pit, the place of the dead (cf. II. fin. supra): salvasti me a descendentibus in lacum, Vulg. Psa. 29, 4.—
• V For lacunar, a panel in a ceiling (ante-class.): resultant aedesque lacusque, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 726.

lacus, ūs, m. (zu Λαιστρυγόνες, lacuna, Lache), urspr. jede trogartige Vertiefung; dah. I) See, der Ab- u. Zufluß hat, Cic. u. Liv.: lacus Avernus, s. 2. Avernus: Curtius lacus, s. Curtius: lacus Iuturnae, s. Iūturna: supra lacum, überm See (eine Örtlichkeit bei Rom), Plaut. Curc. 477. – bei Dichtern übh. statt Wasser, Gewässer, es sei Fluß, Quelle usw., Verg. u. Ov. – II) Röhrtrog, Brunnentrog, Wasserbecken, Hor., Vitr. u. Plin.: lacus Servilius, s. Servīlius: lacus balinearius, im Bade, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1166: lacus sternendos lapide locare, Liv. 39, 44, 5: sprichw., lacus siccus, ein trockener Brunnentrog, v. etwas Unnützem, Prop. 2, 14, 12. – dah. der Löschtrog, Kühltrog der Schmiede, Verg. georg. 4, 173 u. Aen. 8, 451. – III) jedes größere Gefäß für Flüssigkeiten, Kübel, Zuber, Wanne usw., bes. die Kufe, in die der gepreßte Wein und das gepreßte Öl fließt, Quint., Scriptt. r. r. u.a.: übtr., nova ista quasi de musto ac lacu fervida oratio, Cic. Brut. 288. – IV) Grube, Eccl. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 315 sq.): lacus leonum, Löwengrube, Eccl. – insbes., a) Grube zur Aufbewahrung der Hülfenfrüchte, Colum. 1, 6, 14. – b) Kalkgrube, Kalkloch zum Wässern des Kalkes, Vitr. 7, 2, 2. – V) = lacunar, die Felderdecke, das Feld, Lucil. b. Serv. Verg. 1, 726; vgl. Isid. orig. 19, 12. – ➳ Genet. laci, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 584 u. 6, 975. Vulg. Dan. 6, 17 u. 6, 24; Ierem. 37, 15. Cassiod. var. 11, 14, 1: Abl. Sing. laco, Itala num. 20, 17: Nom. Plur. laci, Gromat. vet. 296, 8: Akk. Plur. lacos, ibid. 401, 21: Dat. u. Abl. Plur. lacis, Anthol. Lat. 394, 12 (1037, 12); vgl. Dederich Frontin. aqu. 3. p. 145. – Dat. u. Abl. Plur. gew. lacubus (zB. Varro r. r. 1, 7, 7. Ov. met. 12, 278), selten lacibus (Plin. 23, 33. Frontin. aqu. 3 u.a.); vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 553 u. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 376.

lacus [CL], ~a 1 lake, pond: a (as fourth decl.); b (as second decl.). a unus piscator habens j sagenam in ~u ejusdem villae [Ely] DB I 192rb; hii sunt termini possessionum et stagnorum et paludum et ~uum H. Albus 10; oritur ‥ ex ~u quodam maximo et pulcherrimo Gir. TH I 7 p. 31; 1260 assignavimus ‥ terciam partem ~us qui dicitur Langthwat et ~um de W. cum pertinenciis Cl 97.  b hucque / dulcia piscosae flumina traxit aquae, / secessusque laci penetrant secreta domorum Wulf. Swith. pref. 39; immensis paludibus ‥ una cum stagnis et ~is H. Albus 11; super ripam ~i Diceto Chr. 13; Lucrinus [v. l. Lucernus] et Avernus sunt ~i Campanie Eul. Hist. II 7; 1375 (v. eruptio 3). 2 (cf. ME lough, OI, Scots Gaelic loch) loch, lake, or arm of the sea. c1195 cum dimidia piscatura in exitu laci de Loucwynhok Regesta Scot. 378; 1460 ex utraque parte ~us de Taya ExchScot VII 1. 3 (cf. ME lech) ‘leach’, muddy pool or ditch, stretch of river. c1193 hec est conventio facta ‥ de piscariis eorum in Tamera et earum pertinenciis, sc. quod laka que est inter piscariam predicti Rogeri et terram prenominati abbatis debet esse vij pedum ad pedes lake et in capite ejusdem lake v pedum in latitudine Cart. Tavistock 371; a1201 juxta ~am que currit per medium pratum E. Ch. Waltham 253; c1210 de ~o ubi descendit in brocum ‥ qui vocatur Bradalebroc Cart. Cockersand 653 (cf. ib. 652: sikum); a1226 et tunc sequendo haiam usque in nigram ~am Ib. 717; a1243 sequendo le hanulache subtus sepem usque in profundam lakam Ib. 648; a lache, ~us Levins Manip. 5. 4 artificial water course: a channel. b moat. a 1367 jurati presentant quod stallagium, stopla, et ~a ad tenementum J. Wodlok sunt confracte CourtR Winchester; 1373 jurati presentant quod J. Trip habet unum ~um confractum Ib..  b castrum ‥ murorum fortitudine et altitudine ~uum ‥ munitum Ps.-Elmh. Hen. V 49. 5 pit, hollow, sink. b (~us bituminalis) coal-pit. c (w. ref. to Dan. vi 7etc.) (lion’s) den. d (w. ref. to pit of death or hell). congregabuntur in congregationem unius fascis in ~um et clauduntur ibi in carcerem Gildas EB 45; in lacum quem molimine suo aperuit inscius ‥ se involvit R. Cold. Cuthb. 88 p. 187; sex quippe ultra pedum mensuram habebat ipsa ~i concavitas Mir. Hen. VI II 29 p. 87.  b in ~u bituminali ‥ se precipitem dedit R. Cold. Godr. 108.  c Danihel ‥ bis liberatus est de ~u leonum Nunnam. 59; ille refecit unum Dei hominem in ~u leonum Wulf. Æthelwold 5; cum Danielem in ~um misisset Dominic V. Ecgwini prol.; novit Deus quod lacum nescio / neque locum de quo fit mencio Hil. Ronce. 15. 283; Danielis qui fuit in ~u leonum Chr. Rams. 325; ecce lacu Daniel ascendans iste leonum Vers. Peterb. Psalter 49.  d vere detracta est ad inferos superbia ejus in profundum ~i concidit cadaver illius Osb. V. Dunst. 7 p. 76 (cf. Is. xiv 15); insensibilem ‥ jacere, donec illum vendatis mercatoribus inferni, qui meras suas comportant in ~um mortis Anselm (Or. 10) III 35; philosophus Varro, Petrus piscator; et ecce / optinet iste polum, possidet ille lacum Neckam VM 194; non consentias carni fatue, que se et te pariter trahit in ~um gehennalem P. Blois Ep. 11. 34B. 6 (fig.). b (~us miseriae) sea of trouble, pit of wretchedness. de cenosissimo ~u conscientie P. Blois Ep. 87. 274C; deitatis Virgo signifera / lacu carnis clausos considera J. Howd. Ph. 1109.  b quid est ~us miserie nisi profunditas cupiditatis mundane Elmer Cant. Record. 717D; clementissimus humani generis rector ‥ emeritos ‥ quosdam de ~u miserie et convalle lacrimarum consortio mortalium exemit Ord. Vit. VIII 6 p. 303; 1237 sperantes dictam ecclesiam ‥ posse de ~u miserie respirare (Lit. Papae) Reg. Aberbr. I 177; Chaundler Apol. 23b (v. furtim 2).

lăcŭs, (8) ūs, m. (cf. λάκκος), ¶ 1 réservoir, bassin, cuve : Cato Agr. 25 ; Col. Rust. 12, 18, 3 ; Cic. Br. 288 ; Virg. G. 4, 173 ; Ov. F. 4, 888 ¶ 2 lac, étang : Cic. Agr. 3, 7 ; Div. 1, 100 ; Tusc. 1, 37 ; Lucr. 5, 463 ¶ 3 réservoir dʼeau, fontaine, citerne : Hor. S. 1, 4, 37 ; Liv. 39, 44 ; Plin. 36, 121 ¶ 4 case pour les grains : Vitr. Arch. 7, 2, 2 || fosse [aux lions] : Prud. Cath. 4, 65 || caisson de plafond : Lucil. d. Serv. En. 1, 726.

➳ d.-abl. pl. lacubus Varro R. 1, 7, 7 ; Ov. M. 12, 278 ; qqf. lacibus Plin. 23, 33 ; Frontin. Aqu. 3 || 2^e décl. : gén. laci CIL 1, 721 ; Vulg. Dan. 6, 17 ; nom. pl. laci Grom. 296, 8 ; acc. lacos Grom. 401, 21 ; d.-abl. pl. lacis Anth. 394, 12.

lacus , us. m.
湖。淵。五湖。鐵匠池。麥箱。舂灰池。酒池。梁隔之地。

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lacus ūs, m

• 2 LAC-, an opening, hollow, lake, pond, pool(of living water): apud ipsum lacum Est pistrilla, T.: Albanus: ad spurcos lacūs, Iu.: lacu Fluvius se condidit alto, in the water, V.: Quo te cumque lacus Fonte tenet, thy body of water, V.—A reservoir, tank, cistern(for storing water): lacūs sternendos lapide locare, L.: a furno redeuntes lacuque, H.—Prov.: siccus lacus, i. e. something useless, Pr.—A basin, tank, tub, vat, reservoir: de lacubus proxima musta tuis, O.: alii tingunt Aera lacu, cooling-trough, V.: gelido lamina Tincta lacu, O.—Fig.: quasi de musto ac lacu fervida oratio, i. e. still in its fresh fervor.

LACUS

LACUS

1. See FONS

2. See TORCULAR

3. Lacus (βαφὴ) was also used for the bath in which the smith (χαλκεὺς or faber ferrarius) plunged the hot iron to give it the harder qualities of steel. (Verg. G. 4.172; Ovid. Met. 9.170, 12.276; Lucr. 6.968; Mart. 4.55, 15; Plin. Nat.34.146.) It is maintained by the best modern authorities on Greek and Roman metal working that by this method a kind of steel was manufactured as far back as the Homeric age. (See Blümner, Technol. 4.342 sqq.) Though neither Greek nor Latin has a distinct word for steel (except the poetical χάλυψ, chalybs), yet this process was known, and the words στομοῦν, στόμωσις, στόμωμα all refer to the steeling effect of the βαφή, and this corresponds to the Latin significance of acies (cf. French acier). The earliest precise mention is that of Od. 9.391: ὡς δ’ ὅτ’ ἀνὴρ χαλκεὺς πέλεκυν μέγαν ἠὲ σκέπαρνονεἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ μεγάλα ἰάχονταφαρμάσσων, τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδηροῦ γε κράτος ἐστίν,

(where Eustathius, στομοῦται γὰρ σιδηρὸς τοιαύτη βαφῇ.) Conf. Plut. Def. orac. 41, p. 433 A; Poll. 7.107, &c.; and especially Plut. An. rat. uti, 16, p. 988 D, ἀνδρείας οἷον βαφή τις ὁ θυμός ἐδτι καὶ στόμωμα, which expression seems to fix the precise idea of the much-disputed βαφῇ σιδηρὸς ὥς in Sophocles Soph. Aj. 650, i. e. I, who was then steeled and made ἄνδρειος as iron is by the bath, am instead made θῆλυς by Tecmessa's words (the stop being at ὥς, and the aorist as usual referring to the time of speaking).

It is true that there was also a practice of dipping smaller steel implements, such as needles and brooch-pins, in oil, to make them less brittle, as was supposed (Plut. de prim. frig. 13, p. 950 C; Plin. Nat.34.146); and so this passage has often been explained, but there is no mention at all of any such practice earlier than Plutarch, and then only of small articles, whereas there is in earlier Greek writers a frequent allusion to the βαφή, especially in the moral application (Arist. Pol. 7.14, &c.), and invariably (as Latin lacus) of hardening or steeling, which is a strong argument for giving the same meaning in the passage cited. This process would not apply to χαλκός, and such is perhaps the meaning of χαλκοῦ βαφαὶ in Aesch. Ag. 589, though Clytemnestra may merely be disclaiming all technical knowledge of weapons. The colouring of copper by βαφὴ as mentioned by Plutarch and Pollux is altogether later. [For a discussion of this treatment of iron, see Blümner (Technologie, 4.342-350), who refers to a larger work of Paehler, Die Löschung des, Stahles bei den Alten.]

[G.E.M]

Lacus

(1) See fons.

(2) A bath (βαφή) into which the armourer plunged the hot iron to give it a greater hardness (Georg. iv. 172). See Blümner, Technologie, iv. 342-350.