when
when
adv.
Interrogative: P. and V. πότε.
Indirect or relative: Ar. and P. ὁπότε.
At what hour: Ar. and P. πηνί̆κᾰ.
Indirect or relative: P. and V. ὁπηνί̆κᾰ.
Relative: P. and V. ὅτε, ὡς, ἡνί̆κᾰ, V. εὖτε, Ar. and V. ὅπως.
After that: P. and V. ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, ἐπήν (with subj.), ἐπειδά̄ν (with subj.), P. ἐπάν (with subj.).
adv.
Interrogative: P. and V. πότε.
Indirect or relative: Ar. and P. ὁπότε.
At what hour: Ar. and P. πηνί̆κᾰ.
Indirect or relative: P. and V. ὁπηνί̆κᾰ.
Relative: P. and V. ὅτε, ὡς, ἡνί̆κᾰ, V. εὖτε, Ar. and V. ὅπως.
After that: P. and V. ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, ἐπήν (with subj.), ἐπειδά̄ν (with subj.), P. ἐπάν (with subj.).
WHEN
cum: ubi: quando: ut. ☞ cum denotes the coincidence of two facts so that either both happen at the same point of time or one happens whilst another is still going on or is immediately consequent to it: it is = “at the same time as ” or “as often as.” As a pure particle of time when no relation of cause and effect is to be expressed it takes indicative of present and perfect (and also the imperfect and pluperfect of repeated actions = “as often as”); but in historical narrative the subjunctive of imperfect and pluperfect; e.g. when Artaxerxes intended to declare war against the king of Egypt he requested from the Athenians Iphicrates as general cum Artaxerxes Aegyptio regi bellum inferre voluit Iphicratem ab Atheniensibus petivit ducem; when Epaminondas had conquered the Lacedaemonians at Mantinea he asked whether his shield were safe Epaminondas cum vicisset Lacedaemonios ad Mantineam quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus (Vid: Grotefend: § 168 Obs. 2 § 233; Zumpt § 577 sequens and the followings). It is followed by the subjunctive when it is dependent on another member of the sentence when it is used conditionally or when the sentiments or language of a second party are represented. Quo tempore ubi denote a point of time from which some other takes its beginning; usually with the indicative; with the subjunctive only when anything is represented as merely accidental or probable: quando denotes some indefinite point of time past or future and hence it can be employed interrogatively indefinitely and relatively; it takes the subjunctive only in indirect interrogatives otherwise the indicative: ut = “as soon as ” denoting an event as succeeded by another always with an indicative: In English “when” is frequently put in the first clause of a sentence where in Latin it must be put with the second cum being then used to give prominence to the idea of time. This occurs especially after “already now scarcely not yet;” e.g. when scarcely a year had intervened he accused him vix annus intercesserat cum ilium accusavit: when spring was near Hannibal broke up his winter-quarters jam ver appetebat cum Hannibal ex hibernis movit. Scarcely... when (but just... when) commodum or commode ... cum (colloquial; e.g. commodum discesserat Hilarus cum venit tabellarius: emerseram commode ex Antiate in Appiam ... cum etc.): vix or vixdum ... cum (e.g. vixdum epistolam tuam legeram cum ad me Curtius venit). “When” is very frequently expressed by the participle in the same case with the noun to which it belongs if there be only one subject in the sentence; but if there be two or more subjects then the ablative absolute is employed; e.g. when Tarquinius was besieging Ardea he lost the kingdom Tarquinius Ardeam oppugnans perdidit regnum: when Alexander was about to invade the territories of he Persians he gave Susa to Archelaus Alexander Persidis fines aditurus Susa urbem Archelao tradidit: when Dionysius had been expelled from Syracuse he taught children at Corinth Dionysius Syracusis expulsus Corinthi pueros docebat: when Tarquinius Superbus was king Pythagoras came to Italy Pythagoras Tarquinio Superbo regnante in Italiam venit: when Carthage had been destroyed the morals of the Romans became corrupt Carthagine diruta Romanorum mores corrumpebantur (Vid: Grotefend § 228 and 230; Zumpt § 635 639 and 640). In the same manner the ablative absolutely must frequently be employed where in English two members of a sentence have only one subject but the action of the one is considered as absolute or independent whilst the subject can be referred only to the action of the other member; e.g. when Caesar had gone round all the winter-quarters he found the ships of war completely equipped Caesar circuitis omnibus hibernis naves longas invenit instructas.
cum: ubi: quando: ut. ☞ cum denotes the coincidence of two facts so that either both happen at the same point of time or one happens whilst another is still going on or is immediately consequent to it: it is = “at the same time as ” or “as often as.” As a pure particle of time when no relation of cause and effect is to be expressed it takes indicative of present and perfect (and also the imperfect and pluperfect of repeated actions = “as often as”); but in historical narrative the subjunctive of imperfect and pluperfect; e.g. when Artaxerxes intended to declare war against the king of Egypt he requested from the Athenians Iphicrates as general cum Artaxerxes Aegyptio regi bellum inferre voluit Iphicratem ab Atheniensibus petivit ducem; when Epaminondas had conquered the Lacedaemonians at Mantinea he asked whether his shield were safe Epaminondas cum vicisset Lacedaemonios ad Mantineam quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus (Vid: Grotefend: § 168 Obs. 2 § 233; Zumpt § 577 sequens and the followings). It is followed by the subjunctive when it is dependent on another member of the sentence when it is used conditionally or when the sentiments or language of a second party are represented. Quo tempore ubi denote a point of time from which some other takes its beginning; usually with the indicative; with the subjunctive only when anything is represented as merely accidental or probable: quando denotes some indefinite point of time past or future and hence it can be employed interrogatively indefinitely and relatively; it takes the subjunctive only in indirect interrogatives otherwise the indicative: ut = “as soon as ” denoting an event as succeeded by another always with an indicative: In English “when” is frequently put in the first clause of a sentence where in Latin it must be put with the second cum being then used to give prominence to the idea of time. This occurs especially after “already now scarcely not yet;” e.g. when scarcely a year had intervened he accused him vix annus intercesserat cum ilium accusavit: when spring was near Hannibal broke up his winter-quarters jam ver appetebat cum Hannibal ex hibernis movit. Scarcely... when (but just... when) commodum or commode ... cum (colloquial; e.g. commodum discesserat Hilarus cum venit tabellarius: emerseram commode ex Antiate in Appiam ... cum etc.): vix or vixdum ... cum (e.g. vixdum epistolam tuam legeram cum ad me Curtius venit). “When” is very frequently expressed by the participle in the same case with the noun to which it belongs if there be only one subject in the sentence; but if there be two or more subjects then the ablative absolute is employed; e.g. when Tarquinius was besieging Ardea he lost the kingdom Tarquinius Ardeam oppugnans perdidit regnum: when Alexander was about to invade the territories of he Persians he gave Susa to Archelaus Alexander Persidis fines aditurus Susa urbem Archelao tradidit: when Dionysius had been expelled from Syracuse he taught children at Corinth Dionysius Syracusis expulsus Corinthi pueros docebat: when Tarquinius Superbus was king Pythagoras came to Italy Pythagoras Tarquinio Superbo regnante in Italiam venit: when Carthage had been destroyed the morals of the Romans became corrupt Carthagine diruta Romanorum mores corrumpebantur (Vid: Grotefend § 228 and 230; Zumpt § 635 639 and 640). In the same manner the ablative absolutely must frequently be employed where in English two members of a sentence have only one subject but the action of the one is considered as absolute or independent whilst the subject can be referred only to the action of the other member; e.g. when Caesar had gone round all the winter-quarters he found the ships of war completely equipped Caesar circuitis omnibus hibernis naves longas invenit instructas.
when:
1. quum: the most gen. word for the varying shades of meaning of when: it denotes the coincidence of two facts, or the sequence of one after the other. When used purely of time with no idea of cause and effect, quum is constr. with indic. of any tense (v. Lat. Gr. § 485): so too with indic. of repeated actions, when it means as often as. Where cause and effect are implied, constr. with subj.: hence in historical sequence it usually takes subj. (v. Lat. Gr. §§ 483, 484), some relation of cause and effect being almost necessarily implied: with subj., if for when we might substitute since, whereas, etc.: or if it is used by periphr. to supply the lack of a past part. active in Latin.
2. ŭbi: denotes a point of time from which some other takes its beginning: w. (as soon as) the Helvetii were informed they sent ambassadors, ubi Helvetii certiores facti sunt, legatos mittunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: it is constr. with indic. usually; the subj., where it occurs, being hardly attributable to "ubi:" e. g., w. once a man has perjured himself he must not henceforth be believed, ubi semel quis pejeraverit, ei credi postea non oportet Cic. Rab. Post. 13, 36: where the subj. s used because it is a supposed case.
3. ŭt: as soon as ever: to mark an occurrence immediately preceding the main action: w. I had read your letter, immediately I wrote mine, litteras scripsi statim ut tuas legeram, Cic. Att. 2, 12, 3.
4. quando: interrogative, direct, and in dependent sentences: O country, w. shall I see you? O rus, quando ego te aspiciam? Hor. S. 2, 6, 60: we do not see w. old age is creeping over us, non intelligitur quando obrepat senectus, Cic. Phr.: Caesar, when he had landed his army, hastened against the enemy, Caesar exposito exercitu ad hostes contendit, Caes.: Sabinus w. he had encouraged his men, gave the signal, Sabinus suos hortatus signum dat, id.: Tarquinius, w. besieging Ardea, lost his kingdom, Tarquinius Ardeam oppugnans regnum perdidit, Liv.: since the time w Deucalion climbed the mountain, ex quo Deucalion montem ascendit, Juv. 1, 81: w. (what time) first Deucalion cast the stones into an empty world, quo tempore primum Deucalion vacuum lapides jactavit in orbem, Virg. G. 1, 62.
1. quum: the most gen. word for the varying shades of meaning of when: it denotes the coincidence of two facts, or the sequence of one after the other. When used purely of time with no idea of cause and effect, quum is constr. with indic. of any tense (v. Lat. Gr. § 485): so too with indic. of repeated actions, when it means as often as. Where cause and effect are implied, constr. with subj.: hence in historical sequence it usually takes subj. (v. Lat. Gr. §§ 483, 484), some relation of cause and effect being almost necessarily implied: with subj., if for when we might substitute since, whereas, etc.: or if it is used by periphr. to supply the lack of a past part. active in Latin.
2. ŭbi: denotes a point of time from which some other takes its beginning: w. (as soon as) the Helvetii were informed they sent ambassadors, ubi Helvetii certiores facti sunt, legatos mittunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: it is constr. with indic. usually; the subj., where it occurs, being hardly attributable to "ubi:" e. g., w. once a man has perjured himself he must not henceforth be believed, ubi semel quis pejeraverit, ei credi postea non oportet Cic. Rab. Post. 13, 36: where the subj. s used because it is a supposed case.
3. ŭt: as soon as ever: to mark an occurrence immediately preceding the main action: w. I had read your letter, immediately I wrote mine, litteras scripsi statim ut tuas legeram, Cic. Att. 2, 12, 3.
4. quando: interrogative, direct, and in dependent sentences: O country, w. shall I see you? O rus, quando ego te aspiciam? Hor. S. 2, 6, 60: we do not see w. old age is creeping over us, non intelligitur quando obrepat senectus, Cic. Phr.: Caesar, when he had landed his army, hastened against the enemy, Caesar exposito exercitu ad hostes contendit, Caes.: Sabinus w. he had encouraged his men, gave the signal, Sabinus suos hortatus signum dat, id.: Tarquinius, w. besieging Ardea, lost his kingdom, Tarquinius Ardeam oppugnans regnum perdidit, Liv.: since the time w Deucalion climbed the mountain, ex quo Deucalion montem ascendit, Juv. 1, 81: w. (what time) first Deucalion cast the stones into an empty world, quo tempore primum Deucalion vacuum lapides jactavit in orbem, Virg. G. 1, 62.
ἐπεί
ἐπεί, after, when, since
ὅταν
ὅταν, when, whenever
ὅτε
ὅτε, when, whenever
ὁπότε
ὁπότε, (indef. rel./indirect interrogative) whenever, when
ἡνίκα
at which time, when
εὖτε
when, at the time when
ἦμος
at which time, when
(Dor. > ἦμος) as, when
ἐπείτε
ἐπείτε, when, since
ἐπειδάν
ἐπειδάν, when (ever) (conjunction)
ἤ3
(Cypr.) when
ὁππῆμος
when
ἐπειδή
ἐπειδή, when (conjunction); ἐπειδή, when, since, because (conjunction) (3c (2d))
ἐπεί, after, when, since
ὅταν
ὅταν, when, whenever
ὅτε
ὅτε, when, whenever
ὁπότε
ὁπότε, (indef. rel./indirect interrogative) whenever, when
ἡνίκα
at which time, when
εὖτε
when, at the time when
ἦμος
at which time, when
appearing fewer than 50 times
ἆμος(Dor. > ἦμος) as, when
ἐπείτε
ἐπείτε, when, since
ἐπειδάν
ἐπειδάν, when (ever) (conjunction)
ἤ3
(Cypr.) when
ὁππῆμος
when
ἐπειδή
ἐπειδή, when (conjunction); ἐπειδή, when, since, because (conjunction) (3c (2d))