sidus

sidus, a group of stars, constellation, heavenly body

nox sideribus illustris
a night lighted up by stars

sīdus, ĕris, n. [cf. Sanscr. svid, to sweat, melt; Gr. σίδηρος (molten) iron; Lat. sudo].

Stars united in a figure, a group of stars, a constellation (and hence mostly plur.; only so ap. Cic., Caes., and Quint.): sunt stellae quidem singulares, ut erraticae quinque et ceterae, quae non admixtae aliis solae feruntur: sidera vero, quae in aliquod signum stellarum plurium compositione formantur, ut Aries, Taurus, Andromeda, Perseus, vel Corona et quaecumque variarum genera formarum in caelum recepta creduntur. Sic et apud Graecos aster et astron diversa significant et aster stella una est, astron signum stellis coactum, quod nos sidus vocamus, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 14 med.
- - - - α Plur.: illi sempiterni ignes, quae sidera et stellas vocatis, Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15: signis sideribusque caelestibus, id. N. D. 1, 13, 35: circuitus solis et lunae reliquorumque siderum, id. ib. 2, 62, 155; cf.: solem lunamque praecipua siderum, Quint. 2, 16, 6; and: in sole sidera ipsa desinunt cerni, id. 8, 5, 29: siderum regina bicornis Luna, Hor. C. S. 35: Arcturi sidera, Verg. G. 1, 204: solis, i. e. sol, Ov. M. 14, 172: sidera, quae vocantur errantia, Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89; so, errantia, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 32: siderum motus, Cic. Rep. 3, 2, 3; id. Lael. 23, 88: sidera viderit innumerabilia, id. Tusc. 5, 24, 69; id. Fin. 2, 31, 102; id. N. D. 2, 15, 39 et saep.; * Caes. B. G. 6, 14 fin.; Quint. 1, 4, 4; 2, 17, 38; 12, 11, 10 al.; Lucr. 1, 231; 1, 788; 1, 1065: candida, id. 5, 1210: alta, Verg. A. 3, 619: surgentia, id. ib. 6, 850: radiantia, Ov. M. 7, 325: turbata, Stat. Th. 12, 406 al.: lucida, Hor. C. 1, 3, 2; 3, 1, 32; id. Epod. 3, 15; 5, 45; 17, 5.—
      - β Sing., a heavenly body, a star; and collect., a group of stars, a constellation: clarum Tyndaridae sidus, Hor. C. 4, 8, 31: fervidum, Sirius, id. Epod. 1, 27; nivosum sidus Pleiadum, Stat. S. 1, 1, 95: insana Caprae sidera, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6: Baccho placuisse coronam, Ex Ariadnaeo sidere nosse potes, Ov. F. 5, 346; so of the constellation Arcturus, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 311 (for which, in the plur.: Arcturi sidera, Verg. G. 1, 204); of Capella, Ov. M. 3, 594; of the Vergiliae, Liv. 21, 35, 6; Curt. 5, 6, 12; of Saturn, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 32 sq.; Juv. 6, 569; of Venus, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 36; Luc. 1, 661; of the Moon: sidus lunae, Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 41; of the Sun: calidi sideris aestu, Tib. 2, 1, 47: aetherium, Ov. M. 1, 424; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212: solstitiale, Just. 13, 7 fin.; cf.: sidus utrumque, for the rising and setting sun, Petr. poët. 119, 2; and also for the sun and moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, §§ 56 and 57.—Poet., collect.: nec sidus fefellit, i. e. through ignorance, Verg. A. 7, 215.—
II Transf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
- A The sky, the heavens, = caelum. (Juppiter) terram, mare, sidera movit, Ov. M. 1, 180: (Hercules) flammis ad sidera missus, Juv. 11,63; cf.: abrupto sidere nimbus It, Verg. A. 12, 451: sidera observare, Curt. 7, 4, 28.—
- - 2 Like caelum, to denote a very great height: Pyramidum sumptus ad sidera ducti, Prop. 3, 2 (4, 1), 17: evertunt actas ad sidera pinus, Verg. A. 11, 136; cf. Juv. 11, 63: ad sidera Erigitur, Verg. A. 9, 239: aves, quas naturalis levitas ageret ad sidera, Curt. 4, 5, 3: domus quae vertice sidera pulsat, Mart. 8, 36, 11; 9, 62, 10; Verg. G. 2, 427; id. A. 3, 243; id. E. 5, 62 al.—
  - - b Trop. (also like caelum), as the summit or height of fame, fortune, success, etc.: quodsi me lyricis vatibus inseris, Sublimi feriam sidera vertice, Hor. C. 1, 1, 36: vertice sidera tangere, Ov. M. 7, 61; cf.: tuum nomen ... Cantantes sublime ferent ad sidera cygni, Verg. E. 9, 29: usque ad sidera notus, id. ib. 5, 43: contingere sidera plantis, to walk upon the stars (like the gods) (of one exceedingly fortunate), Prop. 1, 8, 43 (1, 8 b, 17); cf.: celerique fugā sub sidera lapsae, Verg. A. 3, 243.—
- B For night: exactis sideribus, Prop. 1, 3, 38: sidera producere ludo, Stat. Th. 8, 219; cf.: sideribus dubiis, at dawn, Juv. 5, 22.—
- C A star, as a comparison for any thing bright, brilliant, shining, beautiful, etc. (syn.: stella, astrum): oculi, geminae, sidera nostra, faces, Prop. 2, 3, 14; so of the eyes, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 44; 3, 3, 9; id. M. 1, 499: sidere pulchrior Ille, Hor. C. 3, 9, 21; cf. id. ib. 1, 12, 47; of form, beauty, Stat. S. 3, 4, 26; Val. Fl. 5, 468.—
- - 2 Concr., ornament, pride, glory: o sidus Fabiae, Maxime, gentis ades, Ov. P. 3, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 6, 9; Col. poët, 10, 96: puerum egregiae praeclarum sidere formae, Stat. S. 3, 4, 26: Macedoniae columen ac sidus, Curt. 9, 6, 8.—As a term of endearment, my star, Suet. Calig. 13 fin.; Hor. Epod. 17, 41.—
- D Season of the year: quo sidere terram Vertere Conveniat, Verg. G. 1, 1; cf.: hiberno moliris sidere classem? id. A. 4, 309: sidere aequinoctii quo maxime tumescit Oceanus, Tac. A. 1, 70; cf.: brumale sidus, Ov. P. 2, 4, 25: sidere flagrante brumali, Amm.27, 12, 12.—
- - 2 Climate, weather, etc.: ut patrios fontes patriumque sidus ferre consuevisti, Plin. Pan. 15, 3; so, sub nostro sidere, Juv. 12, 103: tot inhospita saxa Sideraque emensae, i.e. regions, Verg. A. 5, 628: grave sidus et imbrem vitare, tempest, storm, Ov. M. 5, 281: triste Minervae (raised by Minerva), Verg. A. 11, 260.—Colloquially, with confectus: intellegitur sidus confectum, i. e. that the weather (occasioned by a constellation) is ended, Plin. 16, 23, 36, § 87; 18, 25, 57, § 207: fertur in abruptum casu, non sidere, puppis, Claud. in Eutr. 2, 424.—
- E With allusion to the influence which the ancients believed the constellations to have upon the health or the destiny of men, star, destiny, etc.: pestifero sidere icti, Liv. 8, 9, 12: sidere afflari, to be blasted or palsied by a constellation, to be planet-struck or sunstruck, ἀστροβολεῖσθαι, Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108; Petr. 2, 7; cf.: sidere percussa lingua, Mart. 11, 85, 1: subito fias ut sidere mutus, id. 7, 92, 9; v. sideror and sideratio: sidera natalicia, Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91; cf.: o sidere dextro Edite, Stat. S. 3, 4, 63: adveniet fausto cum sidere conjux, Cat. 64, 330: vivere duro sidere, Prop. 1, 6, 36: grave sidus, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 45 Jahn: per alias civitates ut sidus salutare susciperetur, as arbiter of their destiny, Amm.21, 10, 2.

sīdus, eris, n., das Himmelsbild, das Gestirn, I) eig. u. meton.: A) eig., teils durch mehrere Sterne gebildetes Sternbild, Sterngruppe, teils einzelner Himmelskörper, Gestirn, Stern, a) übh.: α) Sing.: sidus Vergiliarum, Liv.: sidus Veneris, Martis, Plin.: sidus tauri, Sidon.: s. haedorum, Amm.: s. aestivum, solstitiale, Sonne, Mela u. Iustin.: so auch s. aetherium, Ov.: u. sidere inclinato, Plin.: s. lunae, Plin.: s. lunare, Sen. – β) Plur.: illi sempiterni ignes, quae sidera et stellas vocatis, Cic.: sol et luna reliquaque sidera, Cic.: sidera, quae vocantur errantia, Cic. – Arcturi sidera, Verg.: caprae s., Hor.: poet., sidera solis, v. der Sonne selbst, Ov. – b) in Hinsicht des Einflusses auf die Geburt u. die Schicksale des Menschen, sidus natalicium, Cic.: grave sidus habens, Ov.: vivere me duro sidere, Prop. – c) in bezug auf Krankheiten, die man dem Einfluß der Gestirne zuschrieb, afflantur alii sidere, bekommen den Sonnenstich, Plin.: subito fias sidere mutus, Mart. – haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant, Liv.: loquacitas animos iu venum pestilenti quodam sidere afflavit, Petron. – B) meton.: 1) Sing.: a) die Jahreszeit, quo sidere terras vertere conveniat, Verg.: hiberno sidere, im Winter, Verg.: mutato sidere, in einer anderen Jahreszeit, Verg. – b) der Tag, brumale, Wintertag, kürzester Tag, Ov. – c) das Klima, der Himmelsstrich, die Gegend, patrium, Plin. pan.: tot sidera emensa, Verg.: nec sidus regione viae litusve fefellit, Verg. – d) die Witterung, grave sidus et imber, Sturm, stürmisches Wetter, Ov.: Minervae, Sturm, den Minerva erregt, Verg.: sideraque ventique, Ov.: abrupto sidere nimbus it ad terras, Sturmwolke, Verg.: s. confectum, wenn die Witterung, die ein Gestirn erregt, zu Ende ist, Plin. – 2) Plur.: a) der Himmel, ad sidera missus, Iuven.: ad sidera ferre, bis zum Himmel erheben (= sehr loben), Verg.: alqm evehere in sidera (Ggstz. in Cocyti profunda mergere), Amm.: sideribus regnare, Calp.: ad sidera, hyperbolisch = sehr hoch, auch. bl. = in die Höhe, empor, ad sidera ducti, Prop.: poma ad sidera nituntur, steigen (wachsen) empor, in die Höhe, Verg.: sub sidera lapsae, flogen in die Höhe empor, Verg.: iactant voces ad sidera, Verg.: vertice sidera tangere, Ov., od. ferire, Hor., die Sterne berühren (= groß-, glücklich-, göttlich-, über andere Sterbliche erhaben sein): sub pedibus videt nubes et sidera, ist wirklich ein Gott, Verg. – b) die Nacht, exactis sideribus, Prop.: sidera producere ludo, Stat. – II) übtr.: 1) v. schönen Augen, Sterne, oculi sidera nostra, Prop.: geminum, sua lumina, sidus, Ov. – 2) v. der Schönheit der Gestalt, a) abstr.: puer egregiae praeclarus sidere formae, Stat. silv. 3, 4, 26 (vgl. Hor. carm. 3, 9, 21 sidere pulchrior ille; u. Val. Flacc. 5. 465 sq. Iason, sideris ora ferens). – b) konkret, derStern = der Glanz, die Zier, hoc Macedoniae columen ac sidus, Curt.: o sidus Fabiae, Maxime, gentis, Ov.: terrestria sidera, flores, Ov.: princeps, qui noctis novum sidus illuxit, Curt. – dah. als Schmeichelwort angef. b. Suet. Cal. 13.

sidus [CL] 1 star or heavenly body; b (spec., or discernible from context, as star); c (w. ref. to comet); d (w. ref. to Star of Bethlehem). a limpidissimis solis et lunae luminaribus ac residuis stellarum ~eribus Aldh. VirgP 53; dum sermo de his ‥ velut excelsi ~eris fulgore olim ‥ paene ubique refulsit Lib. Monstr. prol.; de ‥ subterraneo ~erum meatu Bede TR 34 tit.; 798 quarta die sol ‥ cum ~eribus caelo inditus est Alcuin Ep. 148 p. 238; stella, steorra. ~us, tungel Ælf. Gl. 154; velut infusum sydus ethereum fulsit ‥ vir ‥ Gilebertus Canon. G. Sempr. f. 37v; hec stella, hoc astrum, hoc ~us, hic canis, alle maner sterres WW. b nec praetereunda reor Pliadis vel Arcturi ~era Aldh. Met. 3 p. 72; †artussum [l. Arcturum], ~us in caelo GlC A 794; constellatio, notatio ~erum Ib. C 517; Sirius, ~us ardentissimus [sic] Ib. S 323; ‘an cometes sit stella’ ut affirmat Apollonius Mundius, ‘an ignis accensus turbine aeris concitati et intorti’ ut Epigenes, ‘an falsa facies ~eris ex planetarum conventu confusa’ ut Zeno Balsh. AD rec. 2 174. c unde Lucanus [Lucan Bell. Civ. I 529], ‘crinemque timendi sideris’ Bern. Comm. Aen. 7. d venerant ‥ quia ‥ eis apparuerat stella in oriente ‥ deferentes ‥ munera ‥ secundum quod eis ~us de caelo nuntiaverat Theod. Laterc. 5; exquisivit ‥ ab eis Herodes tempus ~eris Ib. 6; sullimis tamen Deus orto in ethere novo ~ere monstratus est Ord. Vit. I 2 p. 8. 2 (w. errans) planet (i. e. one of the five classical planets Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury, but occ. also incl. the sun and moon as celestial bodies which similarly ‘wander’ amongst the fixed stars); b (w. specifying name or gen.); c (without other specifying word). annus magnus est cum omnia simul errantia ~era ad sua quaeque loca quae simul habuere recurrunt Bede TR 36; inter caelum terramque septem ~era pendent ‥ quae vocantur errantia Id. NR 12 p. 203; ratione rotatur poli fabrica, ratione ipsa etiam que dicuntur errantia torquentur ~era W. Malm. GR IV 334. b neque flagrabat ‥ / ‥ Lucifer, / sicut solet ‥ / auratum sidus surgere (Aldh.) Carm. Aldh. 1. 68; summum planetarum Saturni ~us est ‥. proximum illi [sc. Veneri] Mercurii ~us Bede NR 13 p. 204–5; ideo mestum esse [Saturnum], quia ~us ejus tardissimum sit Alb. Lond. DG 1. 3; quia ~us Mercurii non, sicut quidam planete ‥ Ib. 9. 3. c nec rota ‥ / currere sic posset, ni septem sidera tricent Aldh. Aen. 48 (Vertico poli) 9; qui [sc. Deus] latebras mundi geminato sidere demis: / nempe diem Titan et noctem Cynthia comit Id. VirgV 10; annus magnus est dum omnia ~era certis cursibus exactis ad locum suum revertuntur, quem sexcentis annis solaribus Josephus dicit impleri Bede Temp. 9; motum septem syderum et modum [v. l. nodum] inter illos [sic] ‥. motus septem circumstancium Bacon V 160. 3 (in pl., as representing that which is at an immense height above or distance from the earth, i. e. ‘the stars’, ‘the heavens’, or sim.; also fig., as representing ‘the height(s)’ or the pinnacle of some endeavour, attainment, or status); b (referring to ‘heaven’ in Christian context). innoxios humilesque despicientes ‥ Dei inimicos ‥ ad ~era, prout possunt, efferentes Gildas EB 27; cum staret in oratione, erectis ad ~era palmis et fusis ad polum precibus Aldh. VirgP 52; salsarum fluxus aquarum / ‥ surgens ad sidera caeli Id. VirgV 823; qui [sc. caelicolae] catervatim densis caeleste tribunal / milibus in giro vallabunt sidera supra Ib. 2902; ymnum laudis attollit ad ~era Gosc. Edith 269; flammam protendebat ad sydera cum fulgore V. Edm. Rich P 1780D; frondet hec nemorosa plaga, / sed fecunda licet lignis tot splendeat, unum / per lignum vite sidera laude petit Garl. Epith. IV 172. b postremo ‥ angelicis evectae catervis cum vexillo virginitatis ad caeli ~era scandunt Aldh. VirgP 51; quos Petrus ‥ / retibus angelicis raptos ex aequore mundi / secum felices ad caeli sidera vexit Id. VirgV 538; sicque poli pariter scandebant sidera sancti Ib. 1881. 4 (transf. or fig.) luminary, ‘star’, (also w. ref. to use of stars in navigation or sim.) ‘guiding light’, guide: a (w. ref. to person); b (w. ref. to angel). a 799 beatus ‥ Isidorus, jubar aecclesiae, ~us Hesperiae Ep. Alcuin. 182 p. 303; Bartholomae / caeli sidus aureum Anal. Hymn. LI 107; tu mihi sis litus, rector, ratis, anchora, sydus! Greg. Eli. Æthelthryth II 9; palpones ‥ / ‥ cuncta Cesaris collaudant scelera; / hoc magna munio merentur munera / et inter curie clarere sydera Walt. Wimb. Palpo 17. b tertia stellarum rueret dum portio praeceps, / lucida bis tantum manserunt sidera sursum Aldh. VirgV 2747. 5 stars in an area of the sky considered, or accepted by convention, as forming a coherent group, constellation, asterism. septiformi temonis et plaustri ~ere Aldh. Met. 3 p. 72; zodiacus ‥ / cyclus ‥ / ‥ / bis senis cum sideribus (Id.) Carm. Aldh. 1. 87; ~us, quod in se plures stellas continet GlC S 341; demedium retenet Februi jam sidus Aquarii Kal. M. A. I 399; cumque semel michi situs ~erum, qualitates planetarum ‥ nocturnus exposuisset Adel. ED 4 (ed. 1998 p. 5). 6 (w. ref. to star or stars as representative, by their altitude relative to local horizon, of different latitudinal and climatological zones of the earth, or perceived as influencing or determining the nature of those zones, in quot. w. qualifying adj.). quia sub ‥ torrido mundi circulo demorantur [sc. Aethiopes] et a vapore ardentissimorum ~erum terrarum defenduntur latebris Lib. Monstr. I 9 (cf. GlC S 323 (v. 1b supra)); septentrionalem dicit et australem; quibus subjecta omnia, ob solis molliorumque ~erum absentiam ‥ gelu premuntur aeterno Bede TR 34. 7 (w. ref. to star or stars perceived as influencing or determining the course of human affairs, fortune, or fate, in quot. w. qualifying adj.). ea die qua comes ‥ epulabatur cum papa, captus est infelici ~ere rex Francorum M. Par. Maj. V 347; sustentamentum omnium istorum est bonum sydus radicale in quo natus es Bacon V 174. 8 (transf., in sg.) sky. Dominus statuit procellam in auram, et siluerunt fluctus ejus sub sereno quidem ~ere sed frigore vehementi G. Hen. V 25 p. 176. 9 (transf.) eye (also in phr. oculorum ~era). oculorum ~era Gosc. Edith (II) 49; quatuor mendicos ‥ quorum tres oculorum amissione gravati erant, quarto vero unum tantummodo ~us illuxit Osb. Clar. V. Ed. Conf. 17; juvenis ‥ decorus quidem forma sed utriusque ~eris privatus officio Ailr. Ed. Conf. 778C (= Ciren. II 299); filiam propriam utriusque ~eris lumine destitutam V. Erkenwaldi 402. 10 (in gl., as adj.) clear, shining, or ? f. l. clere, clarus ‥ fulgidus ‥ radiosus, serenus, sincerus, sidus [MS: sid', ? l. sidens], splendidus CathA.

…redductum daedala tellus unde alit atque auget generatim pabula praebens unde mare ingenuei fontes externaque longe flumina suppeditant unde aether sidera pascit omnia enim debet, mortali corpore quae sunt, infinita aetas consumpse ante acta diesque. quod si in…

Lucretius, De Rerum Natura
…aliquam cepere morando. Sic ubi deseruit madidos septemfluus agros Nilus et antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo aetherioque recens exarsit sidere limus, plurima cultores versis animalia glaebis inveniunt, et in his quaedam modo coepta per ipsum nascendi spatium ,…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…ignibus aether, praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem. Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas talia voce refert O terque quaterque beati, quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis contigit oppetere O…

Vergil, Aeneid
…terras Astraea reliquit. Neve foret terris securior arduus aether, adfectasse ferunt regnum caeleste Gigantas altaque congestos struxisse ad sidera montes. Tum pater omnipotens misso perfregit Olympum fulmine et excussit subiectae Pelion Ossae. Obruta mole sua cum corpora…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…faecis habentem. Vix ita limitibus dissaepserat omnia certis, cum, quae pressa diu massa latuere sub illa, sidera coeperunt toto effervescere caelo. Neu regio foret ulla suis animalibus orba, astra tenent caeleste solum formaeque deorum ,…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…, celsior ipse loco sceptroque innixus eburno terrificam capitis concussit terque quaterque caesariem, cum qua terram, mare, sidera movit. Talibus inde modis ora indignantia solvit Non ego pro mundi regno magis anxius illa tempestate fui, qua…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…, en agedum dominae mentem convertite nostrae, et facite illa meo palleat ore magis tunc ego crediderim vobis et sidera et amnis posse Cytaeines ducere carminibus. et vos, qui sero lapsum revocatis, amici, quaerite non sani…

Propertius, Elegies
…ibis, et accepti pars eris imperii tum tibi si qua mei veniet non immemor hora, vivere me duro sidere certus eris. Dum tibi Cadmeae dicuntur, Pontice, Thebae armaque fraternae tristia militiae, atque, ita sim…

Propertius, Elegies
…simul ac tetigit, positis in margine ripae procubuit genibus resupinoque ardua collo, quos potuit solos, tollens ad sidera vultus et gemitu et lacrimis et luctisono mugitu cum Iove visa queri finemque orare malorum. Coniugis ille suae conplexus…

Ovid, Metamorphoses
…preces nullane finis erit nostro concessa dolori, turpis et in tepido limine somnus erit me mediae noctes, me sidera plena iacentem, frigidaque Eoo me dolet aura gelu tu sola humanos numquam miserata dolores respondes tacitis mutua cardinibus .…

Propertius, Elegies

Frequency

758th

most frequent word

Most used by

Propertius
Vergil
Lucan
Boethius
Catullus

Collocations

caelum2 155
terra 116
sol 113
mundus2 80
luna 75
dies 73
nox 70
video 67
magnus 67
per 65

Textbooks

CambridgeLatin 42
Wheelock 29
MorelandFleischer 6

sidus

Saved

Recent