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δύναμις

δύναμις, δύναμις, δυνάμεως, ἡ, strength, power

δύνᾰμις [ῠ], ἡ, gen. εως, Ion. ιος, Ion. dat. δυνάμι: (δύναμαι):—
  • power, might, in Hom., esp. of bodily strength, εἴ μοι δ. γε παρείη Od. 2.62, cf. Il. 8.294; οἵη ἐμὴ δ. καὶ χεῖρες Od. 20.237; ἡ δ. τῶν νέων Antipho 4.3.2, etc.: generally, strength, power, ability to do anything, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond oneʼs strength, Il. 13.787; in Prose, παρὰ δ. τολμηταί Th. 1.70, etc.; ὑπὲρ δ. D. 18.193; opp. κατὰ δ. as far as lies in one, Hdt. 3.142, etc. (κὰδ δ. Hes. Op. 336); εἰς δύναμιν Cratin. 172, Pl. R. 458e, etc.; πρὸς τὴν δ. Id. Phdr. 231a.
      • 2 outward power, influence, authority, A. Pers. 174 (anap.), Ag. 779 (lyr.); καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δ. Hdt. 1.90; δυνάμει προὔχοντες Th. 7.21, etc.; ἐν δ. εἶναι, γενέσθαι, X. HG 4.4.5, D. 13.29.
      • 3 force for war, forces, δ. ἀνδρῶν Hdt. 5.100, cf. Pl. Mx. 240d, Plb. 1.41.2, LXX Ge. 21.22, OGI 139.8 (ii B. C.); μετὰ δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν Wilcken Chr. 10 (ii B. C.), etc.; δ. καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική X. An. 1.3.12; πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον, of the five projecting rows of sarissae in the phalanx, Ascl. Tact. 5.2, al.
      • 4 a power, quantity, χρημάτων δ. Hdt. 7.9.αʹ.
      • 5 means, κατὰ δύναμιν Arist. EE 1243b12; opp. παρὰ δ., 2 Ep.Cor. 8.3; κατὰ δ. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU 1051.17 (Aug.).
    • II power, faculty, capacity, αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δ. Hp. VM 14; αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις Pl. Tht. 185e; ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δ. Id. R. 532a; ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δ. D. 22.11: c. gen. rei, capacity for, τῶν ἔργων Arist. Pol. 1309a35; τοῦ λέγειν Id. Rh. 1362b22; τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων, Men. 578, Alex. 94; δ. στρατηγική Plb. 1.84.6; δ. ἐν πραγματείᾳ Id. 2.56.5; δ. συνθετική D.H. Comp. 2: abs., any natural capacity or faculty, that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, Arist. Top. 126a37, cf. MM 1183b28.
      • 2 elementary force, such as heat, cold, etc., Hp. VM 16, Arist. PA 646a14; ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δ. ib. 650a5; θερμαντικὴ δ. Epicur. Fr. 60, cf. Polystr. p.23 W.
        • b property, quality, ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν Hp. VM 13, cf. Nat.Hom. 5, Vict. 1.10; esp. of the natural properties of plants, etc., αἱ δ. τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων, X. Cyr. 8.8.14, Thphr. HP 8.11.1; productive power, τῆς γῆς X. Oec. 16.4; μετάλλων Id. Vect. 4.1: generally, function, faculty, δύναμις φυσική, ζωική, ψυχική, Gal. 10.635; περὶ φυσικῶν δ., title of work by Galen.
        • c in pl., agencies, ὑπάρχειν ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις (sc. the gods) Polystr. p.10 W.
        • d function, meaning, of part in whole, Id. p.17 W.
        • e in Music, function, value, of a note in the scale, δ. ἐστι τάξις φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι Cleonid. Harm. 14, cf. Aristox. Harm. p.69 M.; μέση κατὰ δύναμιν, opp. κατὰ θέσιν, Ptol. Harm. 2.5.
      • 3 faculty, art, or craft, Pl. R. 532d, Arist. Metaph. 1018a30, EN 1094a10, Arr. Epict. 1.1.1; δ. σκεπτική the doctrine of the Sceptics, S.E. M. 7.1.
      • 4 a medicine, Timostr. 7, etc.; δ. ἁπλαῖ Hp. Decent. 9, Aret. CD 1.4, etc.; δ. πολυφάρμακοι Plu. Pyth. 2.403c, Gal. 13.365: in pl., collection of formulae or prescriptions, Orib. 10.33.
        • b action of medicines, περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δ., title of work by Galen; also, potency, δυνάμει θερμά, ψυχρά, Id. 1.672, al.
      • 5 magically potent substance or object, PMag.Leid.V. 8.12: in pl., magical powers, Hld. 4.7.
    • III force or meaning of a word, Lys. 10.7, Pl. Cra. 394b, Diog.Oen. 12, Phld. Sign. 31, etc.
        • b phonetic value of sounds or letters, Plb. 10.47.8, D.H. Comp. 12, Luc. Jud.Voc. 5, etc.
      • 2 worth or value of money, Th. 6.46, 2.97, Plu. Lyc. 9, Sol. 15.
    • IV capability of existing or acting, potentiality, opp. actuality (ἐνέργεια), Arist. Metaph. 1047b31, 1051a5, etc.: hence δυνάμει as Adv., virtually, ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει . . ἐστί D. 3.15; opp. ἐνεργείᾳ, Arist. APo. 86a28, al.; opp. ἐντελεχείᾳ, Id. Ph. 193b8, al.
    • V Math., power, κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δ. Id. Metaph. 1019b33; usu. second power, square, κατὰ δύναμιν in square, Pl. Ti. 54b, cf. Theol.Ar. 11, etc.: chiefly in dat., [εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴση a line the square on which is equal to an area, ἡ BA ἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς AK the square on BA is less than double of the square on AK, Archim. Sph.Cyl. 2.9: εὐθεῖαι δ. σύμμετροι commensurable in square, Euc. 10Def. 2; ἡ δυνάμει δεκάς the series 12 + 22 . . . + 102, Theol.Ar. 64.
        • b square number, Pl. Ti. 32a.
        • c square of an unknown quantity (x2), Dioph. Def. 2, al.
      • 2 square root of a number which is not a perfect square, surd, opp. μῆκος, Pl. Tht. 147d.
      • 3 product of two numbers, ἡ ἀμφοῖν (sc. τριάδος καὶ δυάδος) δ. ἑξάς Ph. 1.3, cf. Iamb. in Nic. p.108 P.; δυνάμει in product, Hero Metr. 1.15, Theol.Ar. 33.
    • VI concrete, powers, esp. of divine beings, αἱ δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX Is. 34.4, cf. 1 Ep.Pet. 3.22, al., Ph. 1.587, Corp.Herm. 1.26, Porph. Abst. 2.34: sg., Act.Ap. 8.10, PMag.Par. 1.1275; πολυώνυμος δ., of God, Secund. Sent. 3.
    • VII manifestation of divine power, miracle, Ev.Matt. 11.21, al., Buresch Aus Lydien 113, etc.

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