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δύναμαι

δύναμαι, δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, -, -, δεδύνημαι, ἐδυνήθην, be able

δύνᾰμαι [ῠ], 2sg. δύνασαι Il. 1.393, Od. 4.374, S. Aj. 1164 (anap.), Ar. Nu. 811 (lyr.), Pl. 574, X. An. 7.7.8, etc.; δύνῃ Carm.Aur. 19, also in codd. of S. Ph. 798, E. Hec. 253, Andr. 239, and later Prose, Plb. 7.11.5, Ael. VH 13.32; Aeol. and Dor. δύνᾳ Alc. Oxy. 1788 Fr. 15 ii 16, Theoc. 10.2, also S. Ph. 849 (lyr.), dub. in OT 696 (lyr.); δύνῃ is subj., Ar. Eq. 491, cf. Phryn. 337; Ion. 3pl. δυνέαται Hdt. 2.142; subj. δύνωμαι, Ion. 2sg. δύνηαι Il. 6.229 (δυνεώμεθα -ωνται as vv.ll. in Hdt. 4.97, 7.163); also δύνᾱμαι Sapph. Supp. 3.3, GDI 4952A 42 (Crete): impf. 2sg. ἐδύνω h.Merc. 405, X. An. 1.6.7; later ἐδύνασο Hp. Ep. 16 (v.l. ἠδ.), Luc. DMort. 19[9].1; Ion. 3pl. ἐδυνέατο Hdt. 4.110, al. (ἠδ- codd.): fut. δυνήσομαι Od. 16.238, etc.; Dor. δυνᾱσοῦμαι Archyt. 3; later δυνηθήσομαι D.C. 52.37: aor. ἐδυνησάμην Il. 14.33, Ep. δυν- 5.621; subj. δυνήσωνται Semon. 1.17, never in good Att., f. l. in D. 19.323: Pass. forms, Ep., Ion., Lyr., ἐδυνάσθην or δυνάσθην Il. 23.465, al., Hdt. 2.19, al., Pi. O. 1.56, Hp. Art. 48 (v.l. δυνηθείη), also in X. Mem. 1.2.24, An. 7.6.20; Trag. and Att. Prose ἐδυνήθην S. Aj. 1067, OT 1212 (lyr.), E. Ion 867 (anap.), D. 21.80,186: pf. δεδύνημαι D. 4.30, Din. 2.14, Phld. Rh. 1.261S.—The double augment ἠδυνάμην is Att. acc. to Moer. 175, but Ion. acc. to An.Ox. 2.374, and is found in codd. of Hdt. 4.110, al., Hp. Epid. 1.4.2 [1.26.βʹ], al.; ἠδύνω is required by metre in Philippid. 16; but is not found in Att. Inscrr. before 300 B.C., IG 2(2).678.12, al., cf. ἠδύνασθε ib. 7.2711 (Acraeph., i A.D.); both forms occur in later writers: ἠδυνήθην occurs in A. Pr. 208, and codd. of Th. 4.33, Lys. 3.42, etc.: δύνομαι is a late form freq. in Pap. as UPZ 9 (ii B. C.), al. [ῠ, exc. in δῡναμένοιο Od. 1.276, 11.414, Hom. Epigr. 15.1, and pr. n. Δῡναμένη, metri gr.]
    • I to be able, strong enough to do, c. inf. pres. et aor., Il. 19.163, 1.562, etc.: fut. inf. is f.l. (πείσειν for πείθειν) in S. Ph. 1394, (κωλύσειν for κωλῦσαι) Plb. 21.11.13, etc.: freq. abs., with inf. supplied from the context, εἰ δύνασαί γε if at least thou canst (sc. περισχέσθαι), Il. 1.393: also c. acc. Pron. or Adj., ὅσσον δύναμαι χερσίν τε ποσίν τε 20.360; [Ζεὺς] δύναται ἅπαντα Od. 4.237; μέγα δυνάμενος very powerful, mighty, 1.276, cf. 11.414; δ. μέγιστον ξείνων Hdt. 9.9, etc.; μέγα δύναται, multum valet, A. Eu. 950 (lyr.); δ. Διὸς ἄγχιστα Id. Supp. 1035; οἱ δυνάμενοι men of power, rank, and influence, E. Or. 889, Th. 6.39, etc.; οἱ δυνάμενοι, opp. οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες, Democr. 255; opp. οἱ πένητες, Archyt. 3; δυνάμενος παρά τινι having influence with him, Hdt. 7.5, And. 4.26, etc.; δύνασθαι ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις Th. 4.105; δ. τοῖς χρήμασι, τῷ σώματι, Lys. 6.48, 24.4; ὁ δυνάμενος one that can maintain himself, Id. 24.12; of things, [διαφέρει] οἷς δύνανται differ in their potentialities, Plot. 6.3.17.
      • 2 of moral possibility, to be able, dare, bear to do a thing, mostly with neg., οὔτε τελευτὴν ποιῆσαι δύναται Od. 1.250; σε . . οὐ δύναμαι προλιπεῖν 13.331, cf. S. Ant. 455; οὐκέτι ἐδύνατο ἐν τῷ καθεστῶτι τρόπῳ βιοτεύειν Th. 1.130; οὐδὲ σθένειν τοσοῦτον ᾠόμην τὰ σὰ κηρύγμαθʼ ὥστε . . θεῶν νόμιμα δύνασθαι . . ὑπερδραμεῖν S. Ant. 455.
        • b enjoy a legal right, δ. τῆς γεωργίας ἀπηλλάχθαι POxy. 899.31 (ii/iii A.D.), etc.
      • 3 with ὡς and Sup., ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα as secretly as they could, Th. 7.50; ὡς δύναμαι μάλιστα κατατείνας as forcibly as I possibly can, Pl. R. 367b; ὡς δύναιτο κάλλιστον Id. Smp. 214c; ὡς ἂν δύνωμαι διὰ βραχυτάτων D. 27.3, etc.; simply ὡς ἐδύνατο in the best way he could, X. An. 2.6.2: with relat., ὅσους ἐδύνατο πλείστους ἀθροίσας Id. HG 2.2.9; λαβεῖν . . οὓς ἂν σοφωτάτους δύνωμαι Alex. 213.
    • II to be equivalent to, λόγοι ἔργα δυνάμενοι words that are as good as deeds, Th. 6.40: hence,
      • 1 of money, to be worth, c. acc., ὁ σίγλος δύναται ἑπτὰ ὀβολούς X. An. 1.5.6, cf. D. 34.23: abs., pass, be current, Luc. Luct. 10.
      • 2 of Number, etc., to be equal or equivalent to, τριηκόσιαι γενεαὶ δυνέαται μύρια ἔτεα Hdt. 2.142; δυνήσεται τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν will be equivalent to the hypotenuse, Arist. IA 709a19.
      • 3 of words, signify, mean, Hdt. 4.110, al.; τὸ πειρηθῆναι καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν ἴσον δύναται Id. 6.86.γʹ; δύναται ἴσον τῷ δρᾶν τὸ νοεῖν Ar. Fr. 691; δύναται τὸ νεοδαμῶδες ἤδη ἐλεύθερον εἶναι Th. 7.58: in later Greek, δύναται τὸ μνασθέντι ἀντὶ τοῦ μνασθέντος" is equivalent to . ., Sch. Pi. O. 7.110.
        • b avail to produce, οὐδένα καιρὸν δύναται brings no advantage, E. Med. 128 (anap.), cf. Pl. Phlb. 23d.
        • c of things, mean, ‘spell’, τὸ τριβώνιον τί δύναται; Ar. Pl. 842; αἱ ἀγγελίαι τοῦτο δύνανται they mean this much, Th. 6.36; τὴν αὐτὴν δ. δούλωσιν Id. 1.141, cf. Arist. Pol. 1313b25.
      • 4 Math., δύνασθαί τι to be equivalent when squared to a number or area, τοῖς ἐπιπέδοις ἃ δύνανται in the areas of which they [the lines] are the roots, Pl. Tht. 148b; ἡ ΒΓ τῆς Α μεῖζον δύναται τῇ ΔΖ the square on ΒΓ is greater than the square on A by the square on ΔΖ, Euc. 10.17; αἱ δυνάμεναι αὐτά [τὰ μεγέθη] the lines representing their square roots, ib.Def. 4, cf. Prop. 22; αὐξήσεις δυνάμεναί τε καὶ δυναστευόμεναι increments both in the roots and powers of numbers, Pl. R. 546b; τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν ταῖς περὶ τὴν ὀρθὴν ἴσον δυναμένην Plu. QConv. 2.720a, cf. Iamb. Comm.Math. 17; ἡ δυναμένη, Pythag. name for the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle, Alex.Aphr. in Metaph. 75.31.
        • b of numbers multiplied together, come to, Papp. 1.24, 27.
    • III impers., οὐ δύναται, c. aor. inf., it cannot be, is not to be, τοῖσι Σπαρτιήτῃσι καλλιερῆσαι οὐκ ἐδύνατο Hdt. 7.134, cf. 9.45; δύναται it is possible, Plu. Virt.mor. 2.440e (s. v.l.).

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