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ἔρχομαι

ἔρχομαι, ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα, ΧΧΧ, ΧΧΧ, come, go

ἔρχομαι Il. 13.256, etc. (Act. ἔρχω as barbarism, Tim. Pers. 167): impf. ἠρχόμην Hp. Epid. 7.59, Arat. 102, (δι-) Pi. O. 9.93; freq. in later Prose, LXX Ge. 48.7, Ev.Marc. 1.45, Luc. Jud.Voc. 4, Paus. 5.8.5, etc.; in Att. rare even in compds., ἐπ-ηρχόμην Th. 4.120 (perh. fr. ἐπάρχομαι), προσ- ib. 121 (perh. fr. προσάρχομαι), περι- Ar. Th. 504 cod.: from ἐλυθ- (cf. ἐλεύθω) come fut. ἐλεύσομαι, Hom., Ion., Trag. (A. Pr. 854, Supp. 522, S. OC 1206, Tr. 595), in Att. Prose only in Lys. 22.11, freq. later, D.H. 3.15, etc.: aor., Ep. and Lyr. ἤλῠθον Il. 1.152, Pi. P. 3.99, etc., used by E. (not A. or S.) in dialogue (Rh. 660,El. 598,Tr. 374, cf. Neophr. 1.1); but ἦλθον is more freq. even in Hom., and is the only form used in obl. moods, ἐλθέ, ἔλθω, ἔλθοιμι, ἐλθεῖν, ἐλθών; Ep. inf. ἐλθέμεναι, -έμεν, Il. 1.151, 15.146 (indic. never ἐλυθ- unaugmented unless ἐξ-ελύθη Il. 5.293 has replaced ἐξ-έλυθε); Dor. ἦνθον Epich. 180, Sophr. 144, Theoc. 2.118; imper. ἐνθέ Aristonous 1.9; part. ἐνθών IG 9(1).867 (Corc., vi B.C.), (κατ-) Schwyzer 657.4 (Arc., iv B.C.); subj. ἔνθῃ Berl.Sitzb. 1927.164 (Cyrene); Lacon. ἔλσῃ, ἔλσοιμι, ἐλσών, Ar. Lys. 105, 118, 1081; later ἦλθα LXX 2 Ki. 24.7, Ev.Matt. 25.36, BGU 530.11 (i A.D.), IG 14.1320, etc.; 3 pl. ἤλθοσαν LXX Jo. 2.22, al., PTeb. 179 (ii B.C.), etc.; ἤλυθα IG 14.1971, Nonn. D. 37.424, (ἐπ-) AP 14.44: pf. ἐλήλῠθα (not in Hom.) A. Pr. 943, etc.; sync. pl. ἐλήλῠμεν, -υτε, Cratin. 235, Achae. 24, 43; Ep. εἰλήλουθα, whence 1 pl. εἰλήλουθμεν Il. 9.49, Od. 3.81, part. εἰληλουθώς 19.28, 20.360; once ἐληλουθώς Il. 15.81, part. κατ-εληλευθυῖα Berl.Sitzb. 1927.166 (Cyrene); Cret. pf. inf. ἀμφ-εληλεύθεν, v. ἀμφέρχομαι: Boeot. pf. διεσσ-είλθεικε Schwyzer 485.2 (Thesp., iii B.C.), part. κατηνθηκότι ib. 657.39 (Arc., iv B.C.): plpf. ἐληλύθειν Ar. Eq. 1306; Ion. ἐληλύθεε Hdt. 5.98; Ep. εἰληλούθει Il. 4.520, εἰληλούθειν Call. Fr. 532.—In Att. the obl. moods of pres., as well as the impf. and fut. were replaced by forms of εἶμι ibo (q.v.): in LXX and Hellenistic Greek the place of the compounds, esp. ἐξ-, εἰσέρχομαι, is commonly taken by ἐκ-, εἰσπορεύομαι, etc., the fut., aor., and pf. being supplied as before by ἐλυθ- (ἐλθ-):
    • I start, set out, ἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλὰ .. Λυκάων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπέτελλε when I was setting out, Il. 5.198, cf. 150; τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς a ship was just starting, Od. 14.334; ἐς πλόον ἐρχομένοις (v.l. ἀρχ-) Pi. P. 1.34.
      • 2 walk, = περιπατέω, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων ἀνθρώπων Il. 5.442; σὲ δʼ ἐρχόμενον ἐν δίκᾳ πολὺς ὄλβος ἀμφινέμεται walking in justice, Pi. P. 5.14: the two foreg. rare signfs. belong only to the pres. ἔρχομαι.
    • II (much more freq.) come or go (the latter esp. in Ep. and Lyr.), ἦλθες thou art come, Od. 16.461, etc.; χαίροισʼ ἔρχεο go and fare thee well, Sapph. 94.7 L.-P., cf. Il. 9.43, Od. 10.320, 1.281; ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ.. ἐρχομένοιο 2.30, cf. 10.267; πάλιν ἐλθέμεν, αὖτε εἰλήλουθα, 19.533, 549; οἶκον ἐλεύσεται ib. 313; οἴκαδε 5.220; ἐς οἴκους A. Pers. 833: as a hortatory exclamation, ἀλλʼ ἔρχευ, λέκτρονδʼ ἴομεν Od. 23.254, cf. 17.529.
    • III c. acc. cogn., ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι to go a journey, Il. 1.151; ἄλλην ὁδόν, ἄλλα κέλευθα ἤλθομεν Od. 9.262; τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς 3.316: freq. in Trag., A. Pr. 962, Th. 714 (also κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδόν Pl. Lg. 707d); νόστιμον ἐλθεῖν πόδα (v.l. δόμον) E. Alc. 1153; ἀγγελίην, ἐξεσίην ἐλθεῖν, go on an embassy, Il. 11.140, Od. 21.20.
      • 2 c. acc. loci, come to, arrive at, rare in Hom., Ἀΐδαο δόμους ἔρχεαι Il. 22.483; ἔρχεσθον κλισίην 1.322: freq. in later Poets, Pi. P. 4.52, S. Tr. 259, etc.; traverse, ὁ ἥλιος ἔρχεται τῆς Λιβύης τὰ ἄνω Hdt. 2.24: c. acc. pers., αἴ κέν τι νέκυς (acc. pl.) ᾐσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ Il. 18.180; σὲ δʼ, ὦ τέκνον, τόδʼ ἐλήλυθεν πᾶν κράτος S. Ph. 141 (lyr.).
      • 3 c. gen. loci, ἔρχονται πεδίοιο through or across the plain, Il. 2.801; but also, from a place, γῆς τινος S. OC 572.
      • 4 c. dat. pers., come to, i.e. come to aid or relieve one, rare in Hom., Od. 16.453; freq. later, Pi. O. 1.100, Th. 1.13. etc.; ἀποροῦντι αὐτῷ ἔρχεται Προμηθεὺς ἐπισκεψόμενος τὴν νομήν Pl. Prt. 321c; also in hostile sense, ἔρχομαί σοι Apoc. 2.5.
    • IV c. fut. part., to denote the object, ἔρχομαι ἔγχος οἰσόμενος I go to fetch.., Il. 13.256; ἔρχομαι ὀψομένη 14.301: freq. in Trag., μαρτυρήσων ἦλθον A. Eu. 576; ἐκσώσων E. Med. 1303.
      • 2 in Hdt. like an auxiliary Verb, ἔρχομαι ἐρέων, φράσων, I am going to tell, 1.5, 3.6, al.; σημανέων 4.99; μηκυνέων 2.35: rare in Att., ἔ. κατηγορήσων, ἀποθανούμενος, Pl. Euthphr. 2c, Thg. 129a; ἔρχομαι ἐπιχειρῶν -σοι ἐπιδείξασθαι, for ἔ. σοι ἐπιδειξόμενος, Id. Phd. 100b; οὐ τοῦτο λέξων ἔρχομαι, ὡς.. X. Ages. 2.7.
      • 3 c. part. pres., aor., or pf., in Hom., to show the manner of moving, ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσα she came running, Il. 11.715, al.; μὴ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς lest thou come thither in full flight, 10.510; ἦλθε φθάμενος he came first, 23.779; κεχαρισμένος ἔλθυι Od. 2.54.
      • 4 aor, part. ἐλθών added to Verbs, οὐ δύναμαι..μάχεσθαι ἐλθών go and fight, Il. 16.521; κάθηρον ἐλθών come and cleanse, ib. 668; λέγοιμʼ ἂν ἐλθών A. Supp. 928; δρᾶ νυν τάδʼ ἐλθών S. Ant. 1107.
    • V of any kind of motion, ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθεῖν to rise out of the sea, Od. 4.448, al.; ἐπὶ πόντον to go over it, 2.265; with qualifying phrase, πόδεσσιν ἔ. to go on foot, 6.40 (but πεζὸς εἰλήλουθα have come as a foot-soldier, Il. 5.204); of birds, 17.755, etc.; of ships, 15.549, Od. 14.334; of spears or javelins, freq. in Il.; of natural phenomena, as rivers, 5.91; wind and storm, 9.6, Od. 12.288; clouds, Il. 4.276, 16.364; stars, rise, Od. 13.94; time, εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ νύξ Il. 14.77, cf. 24.351; ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσι θέρος Od. 11.192; ἔτος ἦλθε 1.16; of events and conditions, είς ὅ κε γῆρας ἔλθῃ καὶ θάνατος 13.59, cf. 11.135; of feelings, go, ἦ κέ μοι αίνὸν ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἄχος ἔλθοι Il. 22.43; ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθʼ ἵμερος 24.514; of sounds, etc., τὸν..περὶ φρένας ἤλυθʼ ἰωή 10.139; Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνος Od. 9.362; without φρένας, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθʼ ἰωή 17.261, cf. 16.6; of battle, ὁμόσʼ ἦλθε μάχη Il. 13.337; of things sent or taken, ὄφρα κε δῶρα ἐκ κλισίης ἔλθῃσι 19.191, cf. 1.120; so later, esp. of danger or evil, c. dat., εἰ πάλιν ἔλθοι τῇ Ἑλλάδι κίνδυνος ὑπὸ βαρβάρων X. HG 6.5.43; ἦλθεν αὐτῷ Ζηνὸς βέλος A. Pr. 360; μηδʼ ὑπʼ ἀνάγκας γάμος ἔλθοι Id. Supp. 1032 (lyr.), cf. Pers. 436; of reports, commands, etc., Id. Pr. 663, Th. 8.19; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ὡς ἦλθε τὰ γεγενημένα came to their ears, ib. 96; τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἐπʼ αὐτόν that which was about to happen to him, Ev.Jo. 18.4; of property, which comes or passes to a person by bequest, conveyance, gift, etc., τὰ ἐληλυθότα εἴς με ἀπὸ κληρονομίας BGU 919.7 (ii A. D.); ἐ. εἴς τινα ἀπὸ παραχωρήσεως, κατὰ δωρεάν, PLond. 3.1164e6 (iii A. D.), PMasp. 96.22 (vi A. D.): —Geom., pass, fall, ἔ. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ σαμεῖον pass through the same point, Archim. Aequil. 1.15; ὅπου ἂν ἔρχηται τὸ ἕτερον σαμεῖον wherever the other point falls, ib. 2.10.
  • BPost-Homeric phrases:
      • 1 ἐς λόγους ἔρχεσθαί τινι come to speech with, Hdt. 6.86.αʹ, S. OC 1164 codd.; so ἐς ὄψιν τινὶ ἐλθεῖν Hdt. 3.42.
      • 2 εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τινι (v. χείρ); so ἐς μάχην ἐλθεῖν τινι Id. 7.9.γʹ ; εἰς ὀργάς τισιν Pl. R. 572a.
      • 3 ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἔ. increase, S. Ph. 259; ἐπὶ μηδέν Id. Fr. 871.8, El. 1000; ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν try everything, X. An. 3.1.18.
      • 4 ἐς τὸ δεινόν, ἐς τὰ ἀλγεινὰ ἐλθεῖν, come into danger, etc., Th. 3.45, 2.39; είς τοσοῦτον αίσχύνης ἐληλύθατον ὥστε.. Pl. Grg. 487b, etc.; εἰς τὸ ἔσχατον ἀδικίας Id. R. 361d; ἐπʼ ἔσχατον ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Id. Phdr. 240d; ὅσοι ἐνταῦθα ἦλθον ἡλικίας arrived at that time of life, Id. R. 329b; ἐς ἀσθενὲς ἔ. come to an impotent conclusion, Hdt. 1.120; ἐς ἀριθμὸν ἐλθεῖν to be numbered, Th. 2.72; εἰς ἔρωτά τινος ἐλθεῖν Anaxil. 21.6; εἰς ἔλεγχον Philem. 93.3, etc.; εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθεῖν come to oneself, Ev.Luc. 15.17, Arr. Epict. 3.1.15.
      • 5 παρὰ μικρὸν ἐλθεῖν c. inf., come within a little of, be near a thing, E. Heracl. 296 (anap.); παρʼ ὀλίγον ἐλθεῖν Plu. Pyrrh. 10; παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἡ Μυτιλήνη ἦλθε κινδύνου so narrow was her escape, Th. 3.49; παρʼ οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb. 1.45.14; παρʼ οὐδὲν ἐλθ. ἀπολέσθαι Plu. Cam. 8.
      • 6 with διά and gen., periphr. for a Verb, e.g. διὰ μάχης τινὶ ἐλθεῖν for μάχεσθαί τινι Hdt. 6.9, E. Hel. 978, Th. 4.92; διὰ πυρὸς ἐλθεῖν τινι rage furiously against.., E. Andr. 488 (lyr.); but οἱ διὰ πάντων τῶν καλῶν ἐληλυθότες who have gone through the whole circle of duties, have fulfilled them all, X. Cyr. 1.2.15; διὰ πολλῶν κινδύνων ἐλθόντες Pl. Alc. 2.142a.
      • 7 ἔ. παρὰ τὴν γυναῖκα, παρὰ Ἀρίστωνα, of sexual intercourse, go in to her, to him, Hdt. 2.115, 6.68; πρός τινα, of marriage, X. Oec. 7.5.
      • 8 ἔ. ἐπὶ πόλιν attack, Th. 2.11.
      • 9 ἔ. ἐς depend upon or be concerned with, τό γʼ εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐλθόν Aristid. 1.149 J.; τοῖς λογισμοῖς εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐρχόμενοι D.S. 13.95; ὅσα εἰς ἀρετὴν ἔρχεται Lib. Or. 22.18; τῶν πραττομένων οὐκ ὀλίγον εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἤρχετο ib. 14.31.

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