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ἡσσάομαι

ἡσσάομαι, ἡττάομαι, be less, be inferior; be defeated, be defeated by (+ gen. of person)

ἡσσ-άομαι, Att. ἡττ-, S. Fr. 936, Th. 3.57: fut. ἡσσηθήσομαι E. Hipp. 727, 976, ἡττ- Lys. 20.32, X. Cyr. 3.3.42: fut. Med. ἡττήσομαι in pass. sense, Lys. 28.9, X. An. 2.3.23: aor. ἡσσήθην E. Andr. 917, etc.: pf. ἥσσημαι S. Aj. 1242, E. Alc. 697: plpf. ἥττητο D. 19.160: Ion. ἑσσόομαι, part. ἑσσούμενος Hdt. 1.82: impf. ἑσσοῦτο (without augm.) Id. 7.166, 8.75: aor. ἑσσώθην Id. 2.169, etc.: pf. ἕσσωμαι Id. 8.130 (and v.l. in 7.9.β), Herod. 8.19: (ἥσσων):—
  • to be less or weaker than, inferior to, c. gen. pers., E. Alc. 697: c. gen. pers. et part., ἡττᾶσθαί τινος εὖ ποιοῦντος X. An. 3.2.23, cf. Cyr. 5.4.32; ἡττᾶσθαί τινός τινι ib. 8.2.13; ἔν τινι in a thing, ib. 3.3.42, etc.: c. gen. rei, τὸ μὴ δίκαιον τῆς δίκης -ώμενον E. Ion 1117: c. neut. Adj. in acc., ὃ ἡττῷτο wherein he had proved inferior, X. Cyr. 1.4.5.
      • 2 as a real Pass., to be defeated, discomfited, ὑπό τινος Hdt. 3.106, And. 4.28, Th. 2.39; ὑπʼ ἔρωτος, ὑπʼ ἔχθρας, Pl. Phdr. 233c, Plt. 305c, etc.; πρὸς τἀφροδίσια Id. Lg. 650a: c. gen. pers., E. Hec. 1252, Ar. Av. 70, Th. 3.57, etc.: c. gen. rei, τοῦ κόπου γὰρ ἕσσωμαι Herod. l.c.: c. dat. modi, ἑσσωθῆναι μάχῃ ὑπό τινων Hdt. 5.46, etc.; τοῖς ὅλοις D. 9.64, etc.; also c. acc., μάχην Isoc. 5.47, D. 19.320; ἀγῶνα D.C. 63.9: c. dat., τῷ θυμῷ to be broken in spirit, Hdt. 8.130; ἑσσωθέντες τῇ γνώμῃ πρὸς Κύρου Id. 9.122; ἡ. περί τι Pl. Sph. 239b: abs., οἱ ἡσσώμενοι, opp. οἱ κρατοῦντες, A. Th. 516, cf. Hdt. 7.9.βʹ; τὴν γνώμην αὐτῶν οὐχ ἡσσῆσθαι Th. 6.72.
      • 3 as law-term, to be cast in a suit, S. Aj. 1242, Ar. Pl. 482, etc.; ἡττ. ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις X. Mem. 4.4.17; δίκην, παραγραφήν, Pl. Lg. 880c, D. 45.51.
      • 4 give way, yield, c. gen. pers., οἱ φύσαντες ἡσσῶνται τέκνων S. Fr. 936; εἰ παθών γε σοῦ τάδʼ ἡσσηθήσομαι E. Hipp. 976; give way, be a slave to passion and the like, νηδύος ἡσσημένος Id. Fr. 282.5; τοῦ παρόντος δεινοῦ Th. 4.37; τῶν φόβων Pl. Lg. 635d; ἡδονῆς X. Ages. 5.1; ὕπνου Id. Cyr. 1.5.11; [χρημάτων] Lys. 28.9; τῆς τούτων παρασκευῆς ib. 11; θνητοῦ κάλλους Isoc. 10.60; πικροῦ ἔρωτος E. Hipp. 727: c. gen. pers., to be in love with . ., Plu. Amat.narr. 2.771f; of other things, ἡττ. τοῦ ὕδατος X. HG 5.2.5; τοῦ δικαίου ib. 5.4.31; τῆς ἀληθείας D. 18.273; τὸ δίκαιον ἡττ. τοῦ φθόνου D. 25.75.
      • 5 c. dat., to be overcome by . ., ἀκοῆς ἡδονῇ ἡσσώμενοι Th. 3.38, cf. 7.25; ὕπνῳ Ael. NA 13.22; τοῖς δικαίοις Plu. Cat.Mi. 16.
    • II later in Act. ἡττάω, overcome, τινα Corn. ND 9, Arr. Epict. 2.22.6, al.: aor. 1 ἥττησα, τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ὑπεναντίων Plb. 1.75.3; ταῖς ψυχαῖς τοὺς ὑπεναντίους Id. 3.18.5, cf. Heraclit. Incred. 16; defeat, τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀπὸ κράτους ἡττηκότες D.S. 15.87.

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