Ceres

Cĕrēs (cf. Verg. G. 1, 96; Ov. F. 4, 615; Mart. 3, 58, 6), ĕris (gen. CERERVS, Inscr. Fabr. p. 626, 225; cf. Inscr. Orell. 1364), f. [Sabini Cererem panem appellant, Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 7; prop. the goddess of creation (cf. Serv. l. l.), from the stem cer, Sanscr. kri, to make],

• the daughter of Saturn and Ops, Ov. F. 6, 285, sister of Jupiter and Pluto, mother of Proserpine, goddess of agriculture, esp. of the cultivation of corn, and of the growth of fruits in gen. (cf. Cerealis); represented as upon a chariot drawn by dragons, with a torch in her hand, and crowned with poppies or ears of corn, Ov. F. 4, 497; 4, 561; 3, 786; 4, 616; id. Am. 3, 10, 3; Tib. 1, 1, 15; 2, 1, 4; Verg. G. 1, 96; Hor. C. S. 30; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. § 357 sq.: templum Desertae Cereris, deserted (because the temple was in a solitary, secluded place), Verg. A. 2, 714: Cereri nuptias facere, i.e., without wine, Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 5 (354); cf. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 343.—From the names of places where she was worshipped, called Ceres Hennensis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; Lact. 2, 4, 28: Catinensis, id. l. l.: Eleusina, id. 1, 21, 24: Milesia, id. 2, 7, 19; cf. Val. Max. 1, 1, ext. 5.—
• • B Ceres profunda or inferna, i. e. Proserpina, Stat. Th. 4, 460; Stat.5, 156; cf.: sacerdos Cererum, Inscr. Orell. 6082.—
• II Meton., food, bread, fruit, corn, grain, etc., Fest. s. v. cocus, p. 45; cf.: fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; Verg. G. 1, 297; id. A. 1, 177; 1, 701; Hor. C. 3, 24, 13; id. Epod. 16, 43; Ov. M. 3, 437; 8, 292; 11, 112 al.—Prov.: sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus, Ter. Eun. 732; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60.

Cerēs, eris, f. (vgl. osk. Kerrí, ›Cereri‹, marruc. Cerie), arch. Genet. Cererus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 568, I) Tochter des Saturn u. der Ops, Schwester des Jupiter u. Pluto, Mutter der Proserpina, Göttin der fruchttragenden Erde, des Acker-, bes. aber des Getreidebaues und der Fruchtbarkeit übh., dah. auch Göttin der Ehe; als Göttin des Ackerbaues Freundin des Friedens u. Gesetzgeberin (θεσμοφόρος), Cato r. r. 134, 1. Verg. georg. 1, 96. Hor. carm. saec. 30. Tibull. 1, 1, 15: von ihren Verehrungsorten mit den Beinamen C. Hennensis, Cic. Verr. 4, 107. Lact. 2, 4, 28: C. Catinensis, Lact. 2, 4, 28: C. Eleusina, Lact. 1, 21, 24: Eleusinia, Min. Fel. 21, 2: C. Milesia, Lact. 2, 7, 19 u.a. (vgl. Val. Max. 1, 1. ext. 5. ex Parid.): C. profunda, inferna, Proserpina, Stat. Theb. 4, 460 u. 5, 156: sacerdos Cererum, der Ceres u. Proserpina, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 1585: Cereri nuptias facere, d.i. ohne Wein, Plaut. aul. 354. – II) meton. für ihre Gaben, für Saat, Getreide, Frucht, Brot (im Ggstz. zu Liber, d.i. Wein; vgl. Cornif. rhet. 4, 43. Cic. de or. 3, 167; de nat. deor. 2, 60), Verg. Aen. 1, 177 u. 701. Hor. carm. 3, 24, 13; epod. 16, 43. Ov. met. 3, 437; 8, 292. – dah. das Sprichw. sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus, Ter. eun. 732. – Dav. Cereālis (Ceriālis), e; vgl. Fleckeisen Fünfzig Artikel usw. S. 12, zur Ceres gehörig, ihr heilig od. geweiht, u. meton.zum Acker-, Getreidebau usw. gehörig, cerealisch, cenae, lukullische (eig. = so glänzende u. üppige wie am Ceresfeste), Plaut.: papaver, Verg.: nemus, Ov.: sacrum, Ov.: munera, Brot, Ov.: herba, Saat, Ov.: sulci, Saatfelder, Ov.: arma (s. d.), Verg.: solum, Unterlage von Weizenkuchen, Verg.: sapor, Getreide-od. Weizengeschmack, Plin.: aediles Cereales, die von Cäsar aus dem plebejischen Stande eingesetzten »Cerealädilen«, denen ausschließlich die Aufsicht über den Getreidemarkt u. die Proviantierung der Stadt Rom anvertraut war, Pompon. dig. 1, 2, 2. § 32. Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 1095 u. 31678: Sing., ibid. 2, 3864: u. ähnl. in den Kolonien, praefecti cereales iuri dicundo, Inscr. bei de Vita Antiqu. Benev. p. XIII. no. 11 u. 12. – subst., a) Cereālēs, ium, m., Hinundherrenner (wie Ceres, als sie ihre Tochter suchte), Hier. adv. Rufin. 3, 1 extr. – b) Cereālia, ium, n., α) das Ceresfest, gefeiert den 12. od. 13. April, Cic. u.a.; mit Zirkusspielen verbunden, dah. Cerialia ludi, Liv. – β) die Getreidefrüchte, Zerealien, Plin. 23. prooem. § 1.

Ceres [CL] , corn goddess. b corn (esp. wheat), harvest. hic [Pluton] Cereris sobolem nigrantes vexit ad umbras Aldh. VirgV 1380; Garl. Tri. Eccl. 36 (v. caesaries b).  b †~us, triticum GlC C 282; ~erem, †satis [l. sata], segitem, messem Ib. 305; multae sunt Cereres; semper desunt mihi panes Hwætberht Aen. 12 (Bos) 2; 9‥ ~eri, of hwæte WW; quercus erat veterum nutrix fidissima patrum; / successit Cereris lautior usus ei Neckam DS VIII 50.

1 Cĕrēs, (9) ĕris, f. , ¶ 1 Cérès [déesse de lʼagriculture] : Ceres mortales vertere terram instituit Virg. G. 1, 147, Cérès apprit aux hommes le labourage ; flava Ceres Tib. 1, 1, 15, blonde Cérès ; sacerdos Cererum CIL 10, 1585, prêtre des deux Cérès [la déesse et sa fille Proserpine] ¶ 2 [fig.] moisson, blé, pain : Cererem pro frugibus appellare Cic. de Or. 3, 167, dire Cérès au lieu de dire blé ; Ceres medio succiditur æstu Virg. G. 1, 297, on coupe le blé au moment des grandes chaleurs ; Cererem canistris expediunt Virg. En. 1, 701, ils tirent le pain des corbeilles, cf. 8, 181.

➳ gén. arch. Cererus : CIL 1, 679.

2 Cēres, Cērētānus, v. Cær-

ceres, eris. f.
禾女神。糓。麥。禾稻。Cereri sacrificare 飯而無酒。

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Ceres

[Demeter.]

Cerēs eris, f

• the daughter of Saturn, goddess of agriculture, V., H., O.: Deserta, secluded, V.— Meton., bread, fruit, corn, grain, food: fruges Cererem appellamus, C., T., V., H., O.

Ceres

(from the √ kr of creare). An old Italian goddess of agriculture. The Ceres who was worshipped at Rome is, however, the same as the Greek Demeter. Her cult was introduced under the Italian name at the same time as that of Dionysus and Persephoné, who in the same way received the Italian names of Liber and Libera. (See Cic. N. D. ii. 24, 2.) It was in B.C. 496, on the occasion of a drought, that the Sibylline Books ordered the introduction of the worship of the three deities. This worship was so decidedly Greek that the temple dedicated on a spur of the Aventine in B.C. 490, over the entrance to the Circus, was built in Greek style and by Greek artists; and the service of the goddess, founded on the Greek myth of Demeter and Persephoné, was performed in the Greek tongue by Italian women of Greek extraction. The worshippers of the goddess were almost exclusively plebeian. Her temple was placed under the care of the plebeian aediles, who, as overseers of the corn market, had their official residence in or near it. The fines which they imposed went to the shrine of Ceres, as did the property of persons who had offended against them or against the tribunes of the plebs. Just as the patricians entertained each other with mutual hospitalities at the Megalesian Games (April 4-10), so did the plebeians at the Cerealia, or games introduced at the founding of the Temple of Ceres. Those held in later times were given by the aediles from the 12th to the 19th of April, and another festival to Ceres, held in August, was established before the Second Punic War. This was celebrated by women in honour of the reunion of Ceres and Proserpina. After fasting for nine days, the women, clothed in white, and adorned with crowns of ripe ears of corn, offered to the goddess the first-fruits of the harvest. After B.C. 191, a fast (ieiunium Cereris) was introduced by command of the Sibylline Books. This was originally observed every four years, but in later times was kept annually on the 4th of October. The native Italian worship of Ceres was probably maintained in its purest form in the country. Here the countrymen offered Ceres a sow (porca praecidanea) before the beginning of the harvest, and dedicated to her the first cuttings of the corn (praemetium). See Demeter.