cado
cado, to fall, fall down, descend
BWL
they fall headlong into the water
many men perished on this battle-line
Frieze-Dennison Vergil
- I Lit.
- A In an extended sense, to be driven or carried by one’s weight from a higher to a lower point, to fall down, be precipitated, sink down, go down, sink, fall (so mostly poet.; in prose, in place of it, the compounds decĭdo, occĭdo, excĭdo, etc.; cf. also ruo, labor; opp. surgo, sto): tum arbores in te cadent, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 25 (375): (aves) praecipites cadunt in terram aut in aquam, fall headlong to the earth or into the water, Lucr. 6, 745; cf. id. 6, 828; imitated by Verg.: (apes) praecipites cadunt, Verg. G. 4, 80: nimbus, Ut picis e caelo demissum flumen, in undas Sic cadit, etc., Lucr. 6, 258: cadit in terras vis flammea, id. 2, 215; so with in, id. 2, 209; 4, 1282; 6, 1006; 6, 1125; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64: in patrios pedes, Ov. F. 2, 832.—With a different meaning: omnes plerumque cadunt in vulnus, in the direction of, towards their wound, Lucr. 4, 1049; cf.: prolapsa in vulnus moribunda cecidit, Liv. 1, 58, 11: cadit in vultus, Ov. M. 5, 292: in pectus, id. ib. 4, 579.—Less freq. with ad: ad terras, Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216: ad terram, Quint. 5, 10, 84.—The place from which is designated by ab, ex, de: a summo cadere, Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 15 (1151): a mento cadit manus, Ov. F. 3, 20: aves ab alto, Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112: ut cadat (avis) e regione loci, Lucr. 6, 824: ex arbore, Plin. 17, 20, 34, § 148; Dig. 50, 16, 30, § 4; 18, 1, 80, § 2: cecidisse de equo dicitur, Cic. Clu. 62, 175: cadere de equo, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 125 (720) (for which Caesar, Nepos, and Pliny employ decidere): de manibus arma cecidissent, Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 21; cf.: de manibus civium delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt, id. Off. 1, 22, 77: cadunt altis de montibus umbrae, Verg. E. 1, 84: de caelo, Lucr. 5, 791; Ov. M. 2, 322: de matre (i. e. nasci), Claud. in Rufin. 1, 92.—With per: per inane profundum, Lucr. 2, 222: per aquas, id. 2, 230: per salebras altaque saxa, Mart. 11, 91; cf.: imbre per indignas usque cadente genas, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18.—With the adverb altius: altius atque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, and poured forth from a greater height, etc., Verg. E. 6, 38.—And absol.: folia nunc cadunt, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24 (374); Ter. Ad. 37; Lucr. 6, 297: ut pluere in multis regionibus et cadere imbres, id. 6, 415: cadens nix, id. 3, 21; 3, 402: velut si prolapsus cecidisset, Liv. 1, 56, 12: quaeque ita concussa est, ut jam casura putetur, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59: cadentem Sustinuisse, id. M. 8, 148: saepius, of epileptics, Plin. Val. 12, 58: casuri, si leviter excutiantur, flosculi, Quint. 12, 10, 73.—
- 2 Esp.
- a Of heavenly bodies, to decline, set (opp. orior), Ov. F. 1, 295: oceani finem juxta solemque cadentem, Verg. A. 4, 480; 8, 59; Tac. G. 45: soli subjecta cadenti arva, Avien. Descr. Orb. 273; cf. Tac. Agr. 12: quā (nocte) tristis Orion cadit, Hor. Epod. 10, 10: Arcturus cadens, id. C. 3, 1, 27.—
- b To separate from something by falling, to fall off or away, fall out, to drop off, be shed, etc.: nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 57 (1116): dentes cadere imperat aetas, Lucr. 5, 671; Sen. Ep. 12, 3; 83, 3: pueri qui primus ceciderit dens, Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 41: barba, Verg. E. 1, 29: quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo Lapsa cadunt folia, id. A. 6, 310; cf. Cat. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 61: lanigeris gregibus Sponte suā lanae cadunt, Ov. M. 7, 541: saetae, id. ib. 14, 303: quadrupedibus pilum cadere, Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 231: poma, Ov. M. 7, 586: cecidere manu quas legerat, herbae, id. ib. 14, 350: elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae, id. ib. 9, 571: et colus et fusus digitis cecidere remissis, id. ib. 4, 229.—
- c Of a stream, to fall, empty itself: amnis Aretho cadit in sinum maris, Liv. 38, 4, 3; 38, 13, 6; 44, 31, 4: flumina in pontum cadent, Sen. Med. 406: flumina in Hebrum cadentia, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 50: tandem in alterum amnem cadit, Curt. 6, 4, 6.—
- d Of dice, to be thrown or cast; to turn up: illud, quod cecidit forte, Ter. Ad. 741 sq.; Liv. 2, 12, 16.—
- e Alicui (alicujus) ad pedes, to fall at one’s feet in supplication, etc. (post-class. for abicio, proicio), Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 19; Eutr. 4, 7; Aug. Serm. 143, 4; Vulg. Joan. 11, 32 al.—
- f Super collum alicuius, to embrace (late Lat.), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20.—
- B In a more restricted sense.
- 1 To fall, to fall down, drop, fall to, be precipitated, etc.; to sink down, to sink, settle (the usual class. signif. in prose and poetry): cadere in plano, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 17 sq.: deorsum, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89 (177): uspiam, Ter. Ad. 37: Brutus, velut si prolapsus cecidisset, Liv. 1, 56, 12; cf. id. 5, 21, 16; 1, 58, 12: dum timent, ne aliquando cadant, semper jacent, Quint. 8, 5, 32: sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit (Caesar), quo honestius caderet, Suet. Caes. 82: cadere supinus, id. Aug. 43 fin.: in pectus pronus, Ov. M. 4, 579: cadunt toti montes, Lucr. 6, 546: radicitus exturbata (pinus) prona cadit, Cat. 64, 109: concussae cadunt urbes, Lucr. 5, 1236: casura moenia Troum, Ov. M. 13, 375; id. H. 13, 71: multaque praeterea ceciderunt moenia magnis motibus in terris, Lucr. 6, 588: languescunt omnia membra; bracchia palpebraeque cadunt, their arms and eyelids fall, id. 4, 953; 3, 596; so, ceciderunt artus, id. 3, 453: sed tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent, Cic. Dom. 52, 133; cf.: oculos vigiliā fatigatos cadentesque in opere detineo, Sen. Ep. 8, 1: patriae cecidere manus, Verg. A. 6, 33: cur facunda parum decoro Inter verba cadit lingua silentio? Hor. C. 4, 1, 36: cecidere illis animique manusque, Ov. M. 7, 347; Val. Fl. 1, 300; cf. II. F. infra.—
- 2 In a pregn. signif. (as in most langg., to fall in battle, to die), to fall so as to be unable to rise, to fall dead, to fall, die (opp. vivere), Prop. 2 (3), 28, 42 (usu. of those who die in battle; hence most freq. in the histt.): hostes crebri cadunt, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 79 (231) sq.: aut in acie cadendum fuit aut in aliquas insidias incidendum, Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; Curt. 4, 1, 28; Ov. M. 7, 142: ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominiā serviamus, Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35: pauci de nostris cadunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 15; id. B. C. 3, 53: optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari, Sall. J. 92, 8; so id. C. 60, 6; id. J. 54, 10; Nep. Paus. 1, 2; id. Thras. 2, 7; id. Dat. 1, 2; 6, 1; 8, 3; Liv. 10, 35, 15 and 19; 21, 7, 10; 23, 21, 7; 29, 14, 8; Tac. G. 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 27; Ov. M. 7, 142: per acies, Tac. A. 1, 2: pro patriā, Quint. 2, 15, 29: ante diem, Verg. A. 4, 620: bipenni, Ov. M. 12, 611: ense, Val. Fl. 1, 812.—Not in battle: inque pio cadit officio, Ov. M. 6, 250.—With abl. of means or instrument: suoque Marte (i. e. suā manu) cadunt, Ov. M. 3, 123; cf. Tac. A. 3, 42 fin.: suā manu cecidit, fell by his own hand, id. ib. 15, 71: exitu voluntario, id. H. 1, 40: muliebri fraude cadere, id. A. 2, 71: cecidere justā Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae Flamma Chimaerae, Hor. C. 4, 2, 14 sq.: manu femineā, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1179: femineo Marte, Ov. M. 12, 610.—With abl. of agent with ab: torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat, should be slain by, Ov. H. 9, 36; so id. M. 5, 192; Suet. Oth. 5: a centurione volneribus adversis tamquam in pugnā, Tac. A. 16, 9.—And without ab: barbarae postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore, Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; imitated by Claudian, IV. Cons. Hon. 89; Grat. Cyn. 315.—
- b Of victims, to be slain or offered, to be sacrificed, to fall (poet.): multa tibi ante aras nostrā cadet hostia dextrā, Verg. A. 1, 334: si tener pleno cadit haedus anno, Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 4, 1, 15; Ov. M. 7, 162; 13, 615; id. F. 4, 653.—
- 3 In mal. part., = succumbo, to yield to, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 104 (662); Tib. 4, 10, 2; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 7.—
- 4 Matre cadens, just born (poet.), Val. Fl. 1, 355; cf. of the custom of laying the new-born child at the father's feet: tellure cadens. Stat. S. 1, 2, 209; 5, 5, 69.
- II Trop.
- A To come or fall under, to fall, to be subject or exposed to something (more rare than its compound incidere, but class.); constr. usually with sub or in, sometimes with ad: sub sensus cadere nostros, i.e. to be perceived by the senses, Lucr. 1, 448: sub sensum, Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48: in cernendi sensum. id. Tim. 3: sub oculos, id. Or. 3, 9: in conspectum, to become visible, id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50: sub aurium mensuram, id. Or. 20, 67: sponte suā (genus humanum) cecidit sub leges artaque jura, subjected itself to law and the force of right, Lucr. 5, 1146; so id. 3, 848: ad servitia, Liv. 1, 40, 3: utrorum ad regna, Lucr. 3, 836; so, sub imperium dicionemque Romanorum, Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2): in potestatem unius, id. Att. 8, 3, 2: in cogitationem, to suggest itself to the thoughts, id. N. D. 1, 9, 21: in hominum disceptationem, id. de Or. 2, 2, 5: in deliberationem, id. Off. 1, 3, 9: in offensionem alicujus, id. N. D. 1, 30, 85: in morbum, id. Tusc. 1, 32, 79: in suspitionem alicujus, Nep. Paus. 2, 6: in calumniam, Quint. 9, 4, 57: abrupte cadere in narrationem, id. 4, 1, 79: in peccatum, Aug. in Psa. 65, 13.—
- B In gen.: in or sub aliquem or aliquid, to belong to any object, to be in accordance with, agree with, refer to, be suitable to, to fit, suit, become (so esp. freq. in philos. and rhet. lang.): non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc pudorem, non in hanc vitam, non in hunc hominem ista suspitio, Cic. Sull. 27, 75: cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri, emolumenti sui causā? id. Off. 3, 20, 81; so id. Cael. 29, 69; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56: haec Academica... in personas non cadebant, id. Att. 13, 19, 5: qui pedes in orationem non cadere quī possunt? id. Or. 56, 188: neque in unam formam cadunt omnia, id. ib. 11, 37; 57, 191; 27, 95; id. de Or. 3, 47, 182; Quint. 3, 7, 6; 4, 2, 37; 4, 2, 93; 6, prooem. § 5; 7, 2, 30 and 31; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 82: heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus? Verg. E. 9, 17; Cic. Or. 27, 95; 11, 37; Quint. 3, 5, 16; 3, 6, 91; 5, 10, 30; 6, 3, 52; 7, 2, 31; 9, 1, 7; 9, 3, 92: hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit, ut, etc., id. 2, 17, 32: in iis rebus, quae sub eandem rationem cadunt, Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 8, 3, 56.—
- C To fall upon a definite time (rare): considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus, Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4: in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, cum, etc., id. Rep. 2, 10, 18.—Hence, in mercantile lang., of payments, to fall due: in eam diem cadere (were due) nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.—
- D (Acc. to I. 1. e.) Alicui, to fall to one (as by lot), fall to one’s lot, happen to one, befall; and absol. (for accidere), to happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out (esp. in an unexpected manner; cf. accido; very freq. in prose and poetry).
- 1 Alicui: nihil ipsis jure incommodi cadere possit, Cic. Quint. 16, 51: hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod, etc., id. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 3, 1: insperanti mihi, cecidit, ut, etc., id. de Or. 1, 21, 96; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Mil. 30, 81: mihi omnia semper honesta et jucunda ceciderunt, id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1: sunt, quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti, Verg. G. 4, 165: haec aliis maledicta cadant, Tib. 1, 6, 85: neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadunt, Prop. 1, 10, 24: ut illis... voluptas cadat dura inter saepe pericla, Hor. S. 1, 2, 40: verba cadentia, uttered at random, id. Ep. 1, 18, 12.—
- 2 Absol., Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.; Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33: verebar quorsum id casurum esset, how it would turn out, id. Att. 3, 24: aliorsum vota ceciderunt, Flor. 2, 4, 5: cum aliter res cecidisset ac putasses, had turned out differently from what was expected, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1: sane ita cadebat ut vellem, id. Att. 3, 7, 1; id. Div. 2, 52, 107; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 73, Nep. Milt. 2, 5 Dähne: cum, quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, a furioso incepto eos deterreret, Liv. 36, 34, 3; 22, 40, 3; 35, 13, 9; 38, 46, 6; Plin. Pan. 31, 1; Tac. A. 2, 80; 6, 8; Suet. Tib. 14 al.; Verg. A. 2, 709: ut omnia fortiter fiant, feliciter cadant, Sen. Suas. 2, p. 14: multa ... fortuito in melius casura, Tac. A. 2, 77.—With adj.: si non omnia caderent secunda, Caes. B. C. 3, 73: vota cadunt, i.e. rata sunt, are fulfilled, realized, Tib. 2, 2, 17 (diff. from Prop. 1, 17, 4; v. under F.).—
- 3 With in and acc.: nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit (cf. μεταβάλλει), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—Esp.: in (ad) irritum or cassum, to be frustrated, fail, be or remain fruitless: omnia in cassum cadunt, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147 (356); Lucr. 2, 1166: ad irritum cadens spes, Liv. 2, 6, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 26: in irritum, id. A. 15, 39; cf. with irritus, adj.: ut irrita promissa ejus caderent, Liv. 2, 31, 5: haud irritae cecidere minae, id. 6, 35, 10.—
- E To fall, to become less (in strength, power, worth, etc.), to decrease, diminish, lessen: cadunt vires, Lucr. 5, 410: mercenarii milites pretia militiae casura in pace aegre ferebant, Liv. 34, 36, 7.—More freq. in an extended signif. (acc. to I. B. 2.),
- F To lose all one’s strength, worth, value, etc., to fall, to perish, vanish, decay, cease.
- 1 In gen.: pellis item cecidit, vestis contempta ferina. declined in value, Lucr. 5, 1417: turpius est enim privatim cadere (i. e. fortunis everti) quam publice, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 6; so id. Fam. 6, 10, 2: atque ea quidem tua laus pariter cum re publicā cecidit, id. Off. 2, 13, 45: tanta civitas, si cadet, id. Har. Resp. 20, 42: huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc., Tac. H. 3, 13: non tibi ingredienti fines ira cecidit? Liv. 2, 40, 7; Pers. 5, 91: amicitia nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur, Cic. Lael. 7, 23: animus, to fail, Liv. 1, 11, 3; Ov. M. 11, 537; cf. id. ib. 7, 347: non debemus ita cadere animis, etc., to lose courage, be disheartened, Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 4: tam graviter, id. Off. 1, 21, 73; cf. Sen. Ep. 8, 3.—Esp., to fail in speaking: magnus orator est... minimeque in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit numquam cadet, Cic. Or. 28, 98: alte enim cadere non potest, id. ib. —So in the lang. of the jurists, causā or formulā, to lose one’s cause or suit: causā cadere, Cic. Inv. 2, 19, 57; so id. de Or. 1, 36, 166 sq.; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 17; Luc. 2, 554; Suet. Calig. 39: formulā cadere, Sen. Ep. 48, 10; Quint. 3, 6, 69.—With in: ita quemquam cadere in judicio, ut, etc., Cic. Mur. 28, 58.—Also absol.: cadere, Tac. H. 4, 6; and: criminibus repetundarum, id. ib. 1, 77: conjurationis crimine, id. A. 6, 14: ut cecidit Fortuna Phrygum, Ov. M. 13, 435: omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt, i. e. irrita sunt, remain unfulfilled, unaccomplished, Prop. 1, 17, 4 (diff. from Tib. 2, 2, 17; v. above, D. 2.); cf.: at mea nocturno verba cadunt zephyro, Prop. 1, 16, 34: multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, to fall into disuse, grow out of date, Hor. A. P. 70 —Hence of theatrical representations, to fall through, to fail, be condemned (opp. stare, to win applause; the fig. derived from combatants): securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176.—Impers.. periculum est, ne cadatur, Aug. Don. Persev. 1.—
- 2 Esp. of the wind (opp. surgo), to abate, subside, die away, etc.: cadit Eurus et umida surgunt Nubila, Ov. M. 8, 2: ventus premente nebulā cecidit, Liv. 29, 27, 10: cadente jam Euro, id. 25, 27, 11: venti vis omnis cecidit, id. 26, 39, 8: ubi primum aquilones ceciderunt, id. 36, 43, 11; cf.: sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, Verg. A. 1, 154: ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae, id. E. 9, 58; id. G. 1, 354 Serv. and Wagn.—
- G Rhet. and gram. t. t. of words, syllables, clauses, etc., to be terminated, end, close: verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt, Cic. Or. 57, 194; 67, 223: qua (littera sc. m) nullum Graece verbum cadit, Quint. 12, 10, 31: plerique censent cadere tantum numerose oportere terminarique sententiam, Cic. Or. 59, 199; so id. Brut. 8, 34: apto cadens oratio, Quint. 9, 4, 32: numerus opportune cadens, id. 9, 4, 27: ultima syllaba in gravem vel duas graves cadit semper, id. 12, 10, 33 Spald.: similiter cadentia = ὁμοιόπτωτα, the ending of words with the same cases or verbal forms, diff. from similiter desinentia = ὁμοιοτέλευτα, similar endings of any kind, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Or. 34, 135; Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28; Quint. 9, 4, 42; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; 9, 3, 78; 9, 3, 79; 1, 7, 23; Aquil. Rom. Figur. §§ 25 and 26.
b) v. leb. Wesen, α) übh.: ubi circumvortor (mich im Tanze herumdrehe), cado, Plaut.: et labaris oportet et arietes et cadas, Sen.: cecidit coxamque fregit, Plin. ep.: sanis pedibus suis cecidit, pedem fregit, Augustin.: fratrem suum pugno ictum a Kaesone cecidisse, Liv.: si prolapsus cecidisset, Liv.: cadere solere u. saepius cadere (v. Fallsüchtigen), Cels. u. Plin. Val.: u. (im Bilde) magnus orator minime in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit, numquam cadet, Cic.: u. (im Bilde), securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – ab alto (v. Vögeln), Plin.: de equo, Plaut. u. Cic.: de sella, Augustin. – alci ad pedes, Eutr.: in terram, in die Erde sinken (v. Körper), Cic.: alte in terram, Varr. fr.: in pedes alcis, Sen. rhet.: in patrios pedes, Ov.: in vulnus, Liv.: in vultus, Ov.: in transtra, sich ganz auf die Ruderbänke niederbeugen (= mit voller Kraft rudern), Lucan.: alci ad pedes, Eutr. 4, 7. Augustin. serm. 143, 4: alcis ad pedes, Vulg. Luc. 8, 41 u. Ioann. 11, 32: super collum alcis (jmdm. um den Hals), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20. – praecipitem, Verg.: pronum, Ov.: supinum, Suet.: honestius, Suet. – β) vom Weibe = sich einem Manne hingeben (Ggstz. demitti), Plaut. Pers. 656. Tibull. 4, 10, 2. Sen. contr. 1, 3, 7. – γ) v. Neugeborenen, de matre cadens, Stat. Theb. 1, 60: matre cadens, Val. Flacc. 1, 355. – u. v. der Sitte, Neugeborene vor die Füße des Vaters zu legen, tellure cadens, Stat. silv. 1, 2, 209 u. 5, 5, 69.
B) übtr.: a) wohin fallen = kommen, geraten, α) übh.: abrupte in narrationem, in die E. wie mit der Tür ins Haus fallen (v. Redner), Quint. 4, 1, 79. – β) in od. auf eine Zeit fallen, in ihr eintreten, in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, Cic.: considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus, Cic. – bes. v. Zahlungen, fällig werden, einkommen, in eam diem cadere nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic.: sed ei ex praediis, ut cadet, ita solvetur, Cic. – γ) in die Sinne od. geistige Anschauung fallen, kommen, ihr anheimfallen, unterworfen werden, sub sensum aliquem, Cic.: sub sensum cernendi, Cic.: sub oculos, sub aspectum, in conspectum, Cic.: sub aspectum et tactum, Cic.: sub aurium mensuram aliquam, Cic.: sub iudicium sapientis et delectum, Cic.: sub intellegentiam, Cic.: in deliberationem, in nostram intellegentiam, Cic.: ne in cogitationem quidem, nicht einmal gedacht werden können, Cic. – δ) in eine gewisse Klasse usw. fallen, ihr zufallen, anheimfallen, zu ihr gehören, in idem genus orationis, Cic.: u. sub eandem rationem, Cic.: in unam quaestionem (v. mehreren), Quint.: sub nullam regulam cadere posse, unter keine Regel gebracht werden können, Sen.: ultra medicinae professionem, Scrib. – ε) in einen Zustand, in ein Verhältnis fallen, verfallen, geraten, ihm anheimfallen, von Pers., in morbum, Cic.: in unius potestatem, Cic.: sub populi Romani imperium ditionemque, Cic.: in offensionem alcis, Cic.: in suspicionem alcis, Nep.: u. in aliquam vituperationem, Cic.: in peccatum, der S. verfallen, Augustin. in psalm. 65, 13. – ζ) an jmd. fallen, jmdm. zufallen, anheimfallen = zuteil werden, m. Ang. an wen? durch ad m. Akk., regnum praeceps ad servitia (die Sklaven) cadit, Liv.: ad regna alcis, Lucr. – u. durch Dat., quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti (Abl.), Verg. – η) auf jmd. fallen, d.i. jmd. treffen, auf jmd. od. etw. Anwendung finden, auf od. für jmd. od. etw. passen, jmdm. beigelegt-, zugemutet werden können, mit etw. stimmen, non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc hominem ista suspicio, Cic.: hoc verbum, hoc nomen cadit in alqm, Cic.: non cadit in te superbia, Curt.: cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri emolumenti sui causā, criminari etc.? Cic.: cadit igitur in eundem et misereri et invidere, Cic.: in consuetudinem nostram non caderet, es würde mit unserem Sprachgebrauche nicht übereinstimmen, Cic.
b) seinem Verlaufe od. Erfolge nach fallen = eintreten, sich ereignen, sich zutragen, so u. so ausfallen, ablaufen, von Ereignissen, Versprechen u. dgl., quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, Liv.: si quid adversi casurum foret, Liv.: quid, si hostem habuissemus, casurum fuisset, Liv.: vota cadunt, treten ein, d.i. gehen in Erfüllung, Tibull. 2, 2, 17 (versch. von omnia ingrato litore vota cadunt, im Bilde = bleiben unerfüllt, Prop. 1, 17, 4). – c. fortuito, Cic.: c. feliciter, Sen. rhet.: c. male, Caes.: hoc adhuc percommode cadit, quod (daß usw.), Cic.: quod melius caderet nihil vidi, Cic.: res cecidit praeter opinionem, Nep., od. aliter ac putaram, Cic.: cecidit ut volumus et optamus (ganz erwünscht), Cic.: commodius cadere non potuit, Cic.: durius et contra praedicta cadentibus rebus, Suet. – si non omnia caderent secunda, Caes.: ut irrita promissa eius caderent, Liv. – res quocunque cadent etc., Verg.: leviter curare videtur, quo promissa cadant, Hor.: etsi verebar, quorsum id casurum esset, Cic.: aliorsum vota ceciderunt, Flor. – ni misericordia in perniciem casura esset, Cic.: cadere ad od. in irritum, fehlschlagen, vereitelt werden, fruchtlos bleiben (v. Hoffnung usw.), Liv. u. Tac.: so auch in cassum, Plaut. u. Lucr., u. frustra, Tac. – m. Ang. wem? etw. eintritt, sich ereignet, begegnet, durch Dat., ut nihil ipsis iure incommodi cadere possit, Cic.: insperanti mihi cecidit, ut etc., Cic.: hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod etc., Cic.: nihil mihi optatius cadere potest, quam ut etc., Cic.: qua in re mihi videtur illud perquam venuste (ganz allerliebst) cecidisse, ut (daß) etc., Cael. in Cic. ep.: sed certe a te mihi omnia semper honesta et iucunda ceciderunt, Cic. – nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit, schlägt um in usw. (wie μεταβάλλει), Cic. de rep. 1, 68.
c) gleichs. zu Boden fallen, sinken, α) v. Pers., αα) durch Verlust der Macht, des Ansehens, des Kredits im Staats- u. Privatleben, turpius est enim privatim cadere quam publice, Cic.: tam graviter c., Cic.: eminentis vitae exitus est cadere, Sen. – ββ) durch Verlust des Prozesses, fallen = den Prozeß verlieren, verurteilt werden, absol., Tac. hist. 4, 6: in iudicio, Cic.: causā, Cic. u. ICt., od. formulā, Sen. u. Quint., infolge eines Formfehlers den Prozeß verlieren (s. Piderit Cic. de or. 1, 166. Halm Cic. Mur. 9): coniurationis crimine, Tac.: ore impudico (accusatoris), Tac. – γγ) durch Verlust des moralischen Haltes, Mutes, frangi repente et ita cadere, ut nulla res te ad aequitatem animi possit postea extollere, Cic.: non debemus ita cadere animis (den Mut verlieren), quasi etc., Cic. ep. 6, 1, 4. – β) v. Lebl., αα) durch Abnahme der extensiven od. intensiven Stärke, sinken, schwinden, cadunt vires, Lucr.: cadit vis venti, Liv. – cadit alci ira, Liv., u. (poet.) cadit ira fulminis, Prop.: cadit ira metu, Ov. – ββ) durch Abnahme des moral. Haltes, sinken, entsinken, nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur (amicitia), Cic.: castris amissis od. alienis cladibus ceciderant animi, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 1, 11, 3): cecidere illis animique manusque, Ov. – γγ) durch Abnahme od. Verlust der Geltung, Macht, fallen, sinken, an Geltung-, an Bedeutung-, an Ansehen verlieren, pretia militiae casura in pace, Liv.: tua laus pariter cum re publica cecidit, Cic.: tanta civitas si cadet, Cic.: auctoritas principum cecidit, Cic.: multa renascentur, quae cecidere, cadentque quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, Hor.: si magnus vir cecidit, magnus iacuit, Sen. – huc cecidisse Germani exercitus gloriam, ut etc., so weit (so tief) sei der R. des germ. H. gesunken, daß usw., Tac. – Unpers., periculum est, ne cadatur, Augustin. de dono persev. 1.
II) prägn., fallen = hinsinken, zusammensinken, a) v. lebl. Subjj.: α) fallen = einfallen, einsinken, zusammenfallen, -sinken, verfallen, versinken, cadunt toti montes, Lucr.: at mundus aliquando est casurus? Ps. Quint. decl. – v. menschl. Gliedmaßen, cadunt alci oculi, fallen zu, Cic.: cadentes in ipso opere oculi, Sen.: cadentes iam oculos ad meum nomen erexit, Sen. rhet.: venas cadentes vino fulcire od. reficere, Sen. – β) fallen = erobert u. zerstört werden, von Städten, non tota cadet Troia, Ov.: cadere Argolico sub milite Troiam, Ov.
b) v. leb. Wesen, fallen, sinken = tot hinsinken, α) von Menschen, teils gewaltsam, sowohl durch fremde Hand, im Kampfe, Kriege, od. durch Gift, durch das Henkerschwert usw., hinterlistig usw., pauci de nostris cadunt, Caes.: pauci utrimque cecidere, Liv.: ante signa circaque omnes ceciderant, Liv.: adversum femur tragulā graviter ictus cecidit, Liv.: confossi ceciderunt, Liv. – cadere in acie, Cic., in proelio, in eo bello, Nep.: acie civili, Ov.: pugnā Cannensi, Liv.: inter signa Samnitium, Liv.: in Hispania, Liv. – in pio officio, Ov. – telis, Tac.: iaculo eminus, Ov.: u. Marte suo per mutua vulnera, Ov.: u. per alqm iustā morte, Hor.: per acies aut proscriptione, Tac.: fraude muliebri, Tac.: poenali gladio (unter dem Henkerschwert), Amm. 27, 12, 3. – pro patria, Quint.: pro optimatibus, Tac. – neque illius interest, quemadmodum aut ubi cadam, Iustin.: in pugna acceptis a forti adversario vulneribus honeste cadere, Cic.: super LX milia non armis telisque Romanorum, sed... oblectationi oculisque ceciderunt, Tac.: cadere cum dignitate, Cic.: iure belli, Tac. – m. Ang. von wem? durch ab m. Abl. (s. Burm. Ov. met. 5, 192. Nipp. Tac. ann. 16, 9. Ruhnk. Suet. Oth. 5, 1): a tanto viro, Ov.: a centurione advorsis vulneribus tamquam in pugna, Tac.: nihil referre an ab hoste in acie an in foro sub creditoribus caderet, Suet.: poet. durch bl. Abl., Thessalo victore, Hor. – m. Ang. wem zuliebe? durch Dat., illud rogo, legi potius quam scorto cadat (hingerichtet werde), Sen. contr. 9 (4), 25. § 8. – als durch eigene Hand, suā manu, Tac.: exitu voluntario, Tac. – teils durch Schicksals Hand, in den Tod-, ins Grab sinken, vivam, si vivet; si cadet illa, cadam, Prop. – cadere ferrove fatove, Ov. – β) v. Opfertieren, fallen = als Opfer geschlachtet werden, geopfert werden, si tener pleno cadit haedus anno, Hor.: hostia cadit ante aras, Verg.: quae prima hostia ante foculum cecidit, Val. Max. – m. Ang. wem? durch Dat., agna cadet vobis, Tibull.: ovis cadit deo, Ov.: u. (im Bilde) nostrae cadens ferus Hannibal irae, Corn. Sever. (poët.) bei Sen. suas. 6, 26. – ➳ Abl. Partiz. Präs. cadenti, Lucr. 3, 466: Genet. Plur. cadentum, Verg. Aen. 10, 674 u. 12, 410. Sil. 4, 424.
- 1. omlaagvallen (van: ab; de; ex) (a) (v. projectielen) vallen op, treffen [in terram]; (b) (v. hemellichamen) ondergaan, zinken; ➤ primis cadentibus astris na middernacht; (c) (v. bladeren, vruchten e.d.) afvallen; ➤ poma (folia) cadunt; (d) (v. vloeistoffen) naar beneden stromen, vallen, uitstromen; ➤ cadunt lacrimae per genas; cadunt imbres; flumen cadit in sinum maris;
- 2. (neer)vallen, (neer)storten;
- 3. (in de strijd) vallen, sterven [in acie; per acies; in bello; pro patria; ense];
- 4. (v. dieren) geslacht of geofferd worden; ➤ prima ovis cadit Fauno;
- 5. (v. steden) vallen, veroverd worden;
- 6. vallen, mislukken (v. theaterstukken, processen e.d.); ➤ cadit fabula het stuk wordt een flop; in iudicio ~ het proces verliezen; (ook abs. met en zonder aanduiding v.d. reden) criminibus repetundarum ~;
- 7. zinken, afnemen, verminderen, verdwijnen, slinken; ➤ animus cadit de moed zakt; animo of animis ~ de moed verliezen; cadit pretium; cadit vis venti gaat liggen; cecidit pelagi fragor;
- 8. terechtkomen in, (ge)raken in [in morbum ziek worden; in suspicionem; in unius potestatem; in conspectum zichtbaar worden; sub sensus];
- 9. gebeuren, overkomen; ➤ alqd alci opportune cadit; mihi omnia semper honesta et iucunda ceciderunt;
- 10. gebeuren, plaatsvinden, werkelijkheid worden; ➤ in adventum tuum cadit valt met jouw aankomst samen;
- 11. uitvallen, aflopen [ad (in) irritum mislukken];
- 12. ten deel vallen, toevallen;
- 13. van toepassing zijn op, gelden voor, passen bij (m. in); ➤ cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri?;
- 14. geuit, uitgesproken worden [verba];
- 15. eindigen (op), uitgaan op [in syllabas longiores; numerose ritmisch].
吊下。跌。墮墜死。— in morbum 受 病。染病。得病。— animis 死心。失 望。— causa 輸官司。敗。— in ejus offensionem 得罪人。遭人怒。— in suspicionem 致人疑。— apte vel in rem 合式。來的巧。— bene 遇的好天然。— ante diem 夭亡。夭殤。 Non cadit in virum bonum 好人不作此。 Mihi dentes cadunt 吾落牙。In pectus pronus cecidit vel in ventrem cecidit 行前仆倒。Verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt 末音高更好聽 Cadit Deo ovis 以牝羊祭於神 Sidera cadentia 落之星。In intelligentiam nostram non cadit 此超吾等之明悟。Cadunt in malos omnia scelera 惡人無罪不可犯。Cadunt austri 南風不競。 In eum cadit illud verbum 此句相對彼。
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- CAD-, to fall, fall down, descend: lucrumae cadunt gaudio, T.: (apes) praecipites cadunt, V.: caelo ceciderunt sereno Fulgura, V.: a mento cadit manus, O.: de manibus arma cecidissent: vela cadunt, are furled, V.: Altius atque cadant imbres, from a greater height, V.—To fall, fall down, fall prostrate, fall over: ne ille ceciderit, has had a fall, T.: velut si prolapsus cecidisset, L.: prolapsa in volnus moribunda cecidit, L.: in pectus pronus, O.: casura moenia Troum, O.: casurae arces, V.—Of heavenly bodies, to set, go down, fall, sink: iuxta solem cadentem, V.: quā (nocte) Orion cadit, H.: oriens mediusve cadensve Phoebus, O.: primis cadentibus astris, fading, i. e. at dawn, V.—To fall off, fall away, fall out, drop off, be shed: barba, V.: Prima (folia) cadunt, H.: gregibus lanae cadunt, O.: poma ramis, O.: elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae, O.—Of a stream, to fall, empty itself: in sinum maris, L.—Of dice, to be thrown, fall, turn up: illud, quod cecidit forte, T.—Of shadows, to be thrown, fall(poet.): cadunt de montibus umbrae, V.—To fall dead, fall, die, be slain: in acie: Civili acie, O.: pauci de nostris cadunt, Cs.: plures Saguntini cadebant quam Poeni, L.: ante diem, prematurely, V.: suo Marte (i. e. suā manu), O.: iustā Morte, H.: femineo Marte, O.: a tanto viro, O.: a centurione, Ta.: In pio officio, O.: in patriā cadendum est, we must perish.—Of victims, to be slain, be offered, be sacrificed, fall(poet.): Multa tibi cadet hostia, V.: Si tener cadit haedus, H.: Victima vota cadit, O.—Of a woman, to yield, Tb. —Fig., to come, fall under, fall, be subject, be exposed: sub sensum: in conspectum, to become visible: si regnum ad servitia caderet, into servile hands, L.: sub imperium Romanorum: in deliberationem: in suspicionem alicuius, N.—To belong, be in accordance, agree, refer, be suitable, apply, fit, suit, become: non cadit in hos mores ista suspitio: cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri?: Heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus? V.: sub eandem rationem.—Of time, to fall upon: in alienissimum tempus: in hanc aetatem.—To fall due: in eam diem cadere nummos.—To befall, fall to the lot of, happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out: mihi peropportune: insperanti mihi cecidit, ut, etc.: Sunt quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti, V.: Ut illis ... voluptas cadat, H.: verba cadentia, uttered at random, H.: verba si Graeco fonte cadent, be derived from, H.: verebar quorsum id casurum esset, how it would turn out: praeter opinionem, N.: si quid adversi caderet, L.: fortuito in melius casura, Ta.: curare Quo promissa cadent, how fulfilled, H.: Vota cadunt, are fulfilled, Tb.: tibi pro vano benigna cadant, Pr.: Quo res cumque cadent, V.: si non omnia caderent secunda, Cs.: ut inrita promissa eius caderent, L.: libertas in servitutem cadit: in hunc hominem ista suspitio: ad inritum cadens spes, turning out to be vain, L.—To lose strength, fall, perish, be overthrown, drop, decline, vanish, decay, cease: cadentem rem p. fulcire: tua laus pariter cum re p. cecidit: virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit, H.: non tibi ira cecidit, L.: animus, to fail. L.: cadere animis, to lose courage: cecidere illis animi, O.—To fail(in speaking), falter: orator cadet.—Causā cadere, to lose the cause: cadere in iudicio: Ut cecidit fortuna Phrygum, O.— Of the countenance or features: tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent, i. e. expressed terror.— Of words: Multa renascentur, quae iam cecidere, fallen into disuse, H.—Of theatrical representations, to fail, be condemned: cadat an recto stet fabula talo, H.—Of the wind, to abate, subside, die away: cadit Eurus, O.: venti vis omnis cecidit, L.—Of words and clauses, to be terminated, end, close: verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt: similiter cadentia, having the same endings.
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…militibus praeferrent. At hostes, etiam in extrema spe salutis, tantam virtutem praestiterunt ut, cum primi eorum cecidissent, proximi iacentibus insisterent atque ex eorum corporibus pugnarent, his deiectis et coacervatis cadaveribus qui superessent ut ex tumulo…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…iter faciant. Qui cupidius novissimum agmen insecuti alieno loco cum equitatu Helvetiorum proelium committunt ; et pauci de nostris cadunt. Quo proelio sublati Helvetii, quod quingentis equitibus tantam multitudinem equitum propulerant, audacius subsistere non numquam et novissimo…
Julius Caesar, Gallic War
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…potui fugisse puellam nunc ego desertas alloquor alcyonas. nec mihi Cassiope salvo visura carinam, omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt. quin etiam absenti prosunt tibi, Cynthia, venti aspice, quam saevas increpat aura minas. nullane placatae…
Propertius, Elegies
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…ocellos, surget et invitis spiritus in lacrimis. nunc iacet alterius felici nixa lacerto, at mea nocturno verba cadunt Zephyro. sed tu sola mei tu maxima causa doloris, victa meis numquam, ianua, muneribus. te…
Propertius, Elegies
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…, ne te contempto, Cynthia, busto abstrahat a nostro pulvere iniquus Amor, cogat et invitam lacrimas siccare cadentis flectitur assiduis certa puella minis. quare, dum licet, inter nos laetemur amantes non satis est ullo tempore…
Propertius, Elegies
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…feros animis alligat una viros. a, mea contemptus quotiens ad limina curres, cum tibi singultu fortia verba cadent, et tremulus maestis orietur fletibus horror, et timor informem ducet in ore notam, et quaecumque voles fugient…
Propertius, Elegies
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…ibi omnibus arbitris procul amotis orationem huiusce modi habuit Ni virtus fidesque vostra spectata mihi forent, nequiquam opportuna res cecidisset ; spes magna, dominatio in manibus frustra fuissent, neque ego per ignaviam aut vana ingenia incerta pro certis…
Sallust, Catilina
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…heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae, impositique rogis iuvenes ante ora parentum quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo lapsa cadunt folia, aut ad terram gurgite ab alto quam multae glomerantur aves, ubi frigidus annus trans pontum fugat ,…
Vergil, Aeneid
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…sic aquilam penna fugiunt trepidante columbae, hostes quaeque suos amor est mihi causa sequendi. Me miserum ne prona cadas indignave laedi crura notent sentes et sim tibi causa doloris. Aspera, qua properas, loca sunt. Moderatius…
Ovid, Metamorphoses
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…perturbatos atque alios alibi resistentis interficit. Deinde utrimque ex lateribus ceteros aggreditur. Manlius et Faesulanus in primis pugnantes cadunt. Catilina postquam fusas copias seque cum paucis relictum videt, memor generis atque pristinae suae dignitatis in confertissumos hostis…
Sallust, Catilina