calix

călix, ĭcis, m. [root cal-, cover; cf. caligo; Germ. Kelch].

• A cup, goblet, a drinking-vessel: κύλιξ poculi genus, quod nos una littera immutata calicem dicimus, Macr. S. 5, 21; Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 8 (916); Cic. Pis. 27, 67; id. Tusc. 3, 19, 44; Tib. 2, 5, 98; Prop. 2 (3), 33, 40; Hor. S. 2, 4, 79; 2, 6, 68; 2, 8, 35; Plin. 33, prooem. 2, § 5; 36, 40, 66, § 195; Juv. 11, 145.—
• • B Meton., wine, = vinum, Cat. 27, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 19 al.—
• II A cooking-vessel, pot, Cato R. R. 39, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 7; id. L. L. 5, 27, 36; Ov. F. 5, 509.—
• III Of aqueducts, a small pipe, Front. Aquaed. 36.

calix, icis, m. (κύλιξ), eine tiefere Schale, u. zwar: I) als Trinkgeschirr = Becher, Pokal, Kelch (auch mit Weininhalt), calix Cumanus, Varr. fr., Tiburtinus, Sen.: fictilis inauratus, Petr.: crystallinus, Sen.: aureus, Schol. Iuven. u. Vulg.: perlucidus, Fronto: calices amariores, Catull.: calix venenatus, Sen.: calix mulsi, Varr. fr. u. Cic.: calix aquae, Vulg.: tetigit calicem clanculum, Plaut.: calix si cecidit frangitur, Sen. rhet.: calices poscere, Hor.: calices siccare, Hor. u. Iuven.: alci calicem propinare, Mart.: calicem in faciem alcis immittere, Petr. – 2) übtr., der Becher in den Wasserleitungen, ein ehernes Gemäß, das in das Gerinne eingesteckt wird, an dem dann die Röhren angebracht werden (Frontin. de aquis 36), c. signatus (gestempelter), Frontin. de aquis: circa collocandos observari debet, ut ad lineam ordinentur, ne alterius inferior calix, alterius superior ponatur, ibid. – II) als Küchengeschirr = Schüssel, Topf, Cato u. Varr. LL.: stant calices: minor inde fabas, olus alter habebat, Ov.

1 calix [CL] 1 cup, drinking vessel; b (fig. w. ref. to Matth. xxvi 42). c (abl. pl. w. a) butler; cf. a, ab 8b. d liquid measure, cupful. ~ix vitreus Aldh. Aen. 80 tit.; adinstar illius mulieris aureo ~ice prostibuli poculum letiferum propinantis [cf. Apoc. xvii 4] Id. VirgP 17; gavisus ‥ quia bibere posset, misit ei ~icem vini benedictum ab episcopo Bede HE V 5 (cf. Alcuin SS Ebor 1172: mox calicem vini benedictum a praesule misit); 901 condonavimus kalicem aureum pensans [sic] xxx mancusos CS 587; cuppe, calices habeantur / ad placitum domini magni, parvi, mediocres D. Bec. 2550; [imagines puellarum] cum ~icibus ex auro in manibus G. Hen. V 15.  b accipies calicem mortis eumque bibes Garl. Tri. Eccl. 44.  c buttelere, pincerna, ‥ †acalis [? l. a calicibus] PP; a butler, †acalicus indecl., ‥ pincerna CathA.  d misisti butristas ut quoque binas, / bis, puto, septenos calices jam forte tenentes Alcuin Carm. 102. 17; ~ix determinata est potus porcio a ‘cala’ que est ‘lignum’ dicta, quia talia vasa prius de viminibus componebantur sicut et calathi Bart. Angl. XIX 125. 2 (eccl.) chalice (esp. for consecrated wine). aureus atque calix gemmis fulgescit opertus Aldh. CE 3. 72 (cf. Æthelwulf Abb. 449); attulit ‥ ~icem aureum consecratum ad ministerium altaris Bede HE II 20; oremus ‥ ut Dominus Deus noster ~icem suum in usum ministerii consecrandum ‥ sanctificet Egb. Pont. 47; tutius ‥ puto ut ~ix, ne ‥ aliquid indecens in illum cadat, ‥ operiatur Anselm (Sacr. 3) II 242; s1096 ~ices conflarunt non in usum pauperum sed in fiscum regium W. Malm. GR IV 318; s1193 ad illud opus [sc. redemptionem regis] ~ices argenteos sustulerunt Coggesh. 63b (cf. Garl. Tri. Eccl. 53: Anglia quem calicum thesauris tota sacrorum / ante redemit); ~ix aureus sit vel argenteus, vel si pauperrima sit ecclesia saltem stagneus, integer et purus Gir. GE I 10; s1213 ut [Albigenses] ‥ in sentinas projicerent ‥ calices cum vasis sacris in despectum corporis et sanguinis Christi Wend. II 87; 1214 precipimus ut quelibet ecclesia habeat ~icem argenteum cum aliis vasis decentibus. ‥ ad hec prohibemus ne ~ices ecclesiarum vel vasa altaris ‥ vendantur vel pingnori obligentur Conc. Syn. 29; 1229 in qualibet ecclesia ‥ ad minus haberi debent ‥ duo ~ices, unus argenteus in quo celebretur, alius stangneus non benedictus cum quo sacerdos altaris sepeliatur Ib. 171; 1240 sint ‥ duo ~ices argenti in majoribus ecclesiis et tertius stagneus non benedictus, deportandus ad infirmos Ib. 296; a1260 statutum est in ecclesia ne consecretur in ~ice cupreo vel stagneo, quia tale metallum provocat ad nauseam Ib. 651; 1258 ad faciendum ‥ quemdam ~icem auri ‥ ad celebrandum inde divina in capella regis Cl 355; 1266 (17c) in reparacione †culicis cum ij manutergiis emptis ad capellam ExchScot 8; 1336 prestetur sacramentum corporale per dictum J. super sanctam eukaristiam, ~icem altaris et missale RScot 464a; 1368 ij ~ices pro summo altari; item ij ~ices pro communitate; ‥ item j ~ix de argento ‥ assignatus parrochie ad deserviendum altari S. Trinitatis Invent. Norw. 1; 1377 ante eos [in coronacione ibat] ‥ cancellarius Anglie, deferens in manibus suis quendam ~icem magni precii sanctificatum MGL II 477; 1414 j calisem deauratum Reg. Cant. 39; 1432 in j capsella corii empta pro ~ice capelle de W. Ac. Durh. 231; hic ~ix, a chalys WW.

2 calix v. 2 calx

călix, (11) ĭcis, m. (κύλιξ), coupe, vase à boire : Pl. Capt. 916 ; Cic. Pis. 67 || [fig., le contenu] : Catul. , Hor. || vase de terre, marmite : Cato Agr. 39, 1 ; Ov. F. 5, 509 || tuyau dʼaqueduc : Frontin. Aqu. 36 || v. calyx.

calix , icis. m.
爵。杯。

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calix icis, m

• 2 CAL-, a cup, goblet, drinkingvessel: maximi calices: maiores, H.: plebeii, Iu.— Meton., wine, H.—A cooking-vessel, pot, O.

CALIX

CALIXκύλιξ). Though not found in Homer or Hesiod, this was the most common kind of drinking cup among the Athenians (Ar. Lys. 841): cf. ἐπὶ τῇ κύλικι λέγειν (Plat. Symp. 214 B) and κυλικεῖα (Athen. 480 b), sideboards for exhibiting cups (we should say, plate). It was of earthenware and round, hence its name, according to Athenaeus (Athen. 480 b), ἀπὸ τοῦ κυλίεσθαι τῷ τροχῷ. It had a broad top (Pherecr. ap. Athen. 481 b), as is evidenced from its comparison to a shield (Athen. 472 c) and to a woman's breast (Plin. Nat.33.81). It had feet (Soph. Frag. 541) and horizontal handles (Athen. 470 e). It is mainly in having vertical handles and in its greater size that CANTHARUSdiffered from calix. The calices, however, varied to some extent in size, just as our tumblers, and there is some slight evidence (Plat. Lys. 219 E) that an average one held three cotylae (= 1<*>3 pints). The archaic form of the calix is depicted by Birch (Ancient Pottery, p. 180); but the ordinary forms are here given from Birch and Dennis. Those of the early period are distinguished by their deeper bowl and taller stem. Those of a later period are of a more elegant shape, have a shallow bowl, and a stem not so high. Cups of this shape are generally painted inside as well as out. In banqueting scenes depicted upon vases, they are often represented as twirled round upon the finger. See the drawing given in SYMPOSIUMIn the latest period the bowl of the calix is without a stem, and has only a moulded base.

Athenaeus tells us that these cups were made at various places: Argos (480 d), Attica (480 c), Chios (480 e), Lacedaemon (484 f), Naucratis (480 e), Rhodes (497 f), Teos (481 a). In Martial we hear of Surrentine (14.102) and Saguntine calices (14.108). These places gave their humes to different kinds of cups, all more or less agreeing with the general description above. The κύλιξ made at Naucratis, however, was very flat, like a phiala, as if made with the hand, with a broad bottom and four handles (ὦτα). (See Athen. 480 e). Panofka (Plate iv., No. 34 a, b) professes to give a representation; but it agrees in nothing except in having four handles.

But cups were called after individuals as well as after places: e. g. the much-discussed Θηρίκλειοι, sc. κύλικες. The principal examination of these vessels is by Welcker in Rhein. Museum, 6.404-420. But we must not suppose with him that they were called from the figures of animals which were on them, but rather with Athen. 470 fand Bentley (Diss. on Phalaris, ed. Dyce, 1. p. 169 ff.), from their maker, Thericles of Corinth. But though their maker was a Corinthian, yet they were genuine Attic cups, properly of earthenware, though sometimes of other material: e.g. wood (C. I. G. 139, 8, 9), brass (Athen. 469 b), silver (Jos. Ant. 11.1), gold (Athen. 199 b), sometimes only gilt (Athen. 478 a; cf. C. I. G. l. c.); also apparently of glass (θηρίκλειον· ποτήριον ὑέλινον, Photius, s. v.). Further they were made of terebinth (τέρμινθος), which was blacker than ebony, yet such that they could not be distinguished from earthenware (Theophrast. Hist. Plant. 5.4, 2; Plin. Nat.16.205). Other authors say that these cups were black and very bright (καθαρός), e. g. Eubulus in Athen. 471 d; and it is this black polish that Schwenck thinks (Philologus, 24.3, 1866, pp. 552-554) is the distinctive feature of these vessels. The oldest Thericlean vessel we know of is that referred to in C. I. G. 139, 8, 9, which belongs to 425 B.C. A κύλιξ Θηρίκλειος had a broad top, and is compared to a shield (Aristoph. ap. Athen. 472 c). It was rather large, holding three or four cotylae, and sometimes even as much as seven. (Athen. 472 b, d, e.) The figure of one as given by Panofka (Plate iv., No. 34) is also represented by Krause (No. 26); but this does not agree with Eubulus ap. Athen. 471 d, who calls it ὀξυπύνδακα, i. e. with bottom coming to a point. The Schol. on Clem. Alex. Paed. 2.3, who says it was round at the bottom, with the upper part like a funnel (χωνοειδές), so that it was easy to drink from, does not agree with the previously mentioned and more reliable statements. Possibly the figure given by Lau (Die Griechischen Vasen, Plate xix. fig. 4) may represent the kind, though it is very like a woman's breast (Plin. Nat.33.81). Birch (p. 381) gives as a specimen of a Thericlean cup, one with a deep bowl and a long stem. (See cut below.)

These Thericlean cups were heavy in weight and expensive, and in competition the Rhodians (Athen. 469 b) made a similar kind of cup of lighter material and sufficiently cheap for persons of humble means to acquire. These were called ἡδυποτίδες. Further we hear of Ἀντιγονίδες, which, according to the Schol. on Clem. Alex., were like the Θηρίκλειοι in some points, but they had not the spherical bottom, and ended in a narrow aperture. Also of Σελευκίδες, whose handles were not closed, but consisted of four rods. Each two of these rods were close together at their junction with the cup, but diverged widely at the other extremity (Athen. 488 e).

In Juvenal, 5.48, we read of calices called after a shoemaker of Beneventum, which had four nozzles. This was Vatinius (Mart. 14.96), who was afterwards a buffoon in the court of Nero (Tac. Ann. 15.34), and the cups were called Vatinii (Mart. 10.3, 4).

For the cups used in the Christian Church, see Smith's Dictionary of Christian Antiquities, art. Chalice.

Of somewhat different meaning to that of κύλιξ are the cognates κυλίχνη, κυλιχνίς, κυλίχνιον, which were covered vessels, and used as soup-tureens (if we may so infer from Aristoph. ap. Pollux, 10.88), but more specially as pots for medicines (Galen, Lex. Hippocr.; Poll. 6.98; Suidas, s. v. κυλίχνιον: cf. also Aristoph. Eq. 906; Athen. 480 d, where Ussing rightly reads κυλιχνίδα). Calices are also found mentioned as covered vessels for cooking (Plin. Nat.35.193), or serving up (Ovid. Fast. 5.509) food in. Varro (L. L. 5.127) derives it from calidus.

The chief works on the subject of Greek and Roman cups are Th. Panofka, Recherches sur les véritables noms des Vases Grecs, Paris, 1829; J. L. Ussing, De nominibus vasorum Graecorum, Copenhagen, 1844; J. H. Krause, Angeiologie, Halle, 1854; Birch, History of Ancient Pottery, London, 1873; Marquardt, Röm. Alterth. 7. p. 632 ff.

[L.C.P]

CALIX

CALIXa tube, regulating the supply of water, attached to the extremity of each pipe, where it entered the castellum of an aqueduct. (Frontin. Aquaed. 36.) It is explained under AQUAEDUCTUSp. 156 a.

[W.S]

Calix

(κύλιξ). (1) The drinking-cup, usually made of earthenware, round, with a broad top, feet, and horizontal handles. The usual capacity was three cotylae, or 1.3 pints. The cantharus (q. v.) differed from the calix in being larger and having vertical handles. Besides earthenware, other materials are mentioned as used in the making of calices— e. g. wood, brass, silver, terebinth (τέρμινθος), and possibly glass (Photius, s. h. v.). Certain places are mentioned by Athenaeus as noted for their manufacture of drinking-cups, among them Argos, Chios, Lacedaemon, Rhodes, and Teos; and Martial speaks of Surrentum and Saguntum.

In Juvenal (v. 48) we read of calices called after a shoemaker of Beneventum, which had four nozzles. This was Vatinius (Mart. xiv. 96), who was afterwards a buffoon in the court of Nero (Tac. Ann. xv. 34), and the cups were called Vatinii (Mart. x. 3, 4). See Birch, Ancient Pottery (1873).

(2) A tube regulating the supply of water, and attached to the end of each pipe where it entered the castellum of an aqueduct; it was probably of lead in the time of Vitruvius, such only being mentioned by him; but was made of bronze (aëneus) when Frontinus wrote, in order to check the roguery of the aquarii, who were able to increase or diminish the flow of water from the reservoir by compressing or extending the lead. As a further security, the calix was stamped with the owner's name as well as the capacity. There are two specimens of such calices in the Roman museums—one in the Vatican, another in the Museo Kircheriano. Pipes which had no calix were termed solutae.