codex

cōdex, ĭcis, v. caudex.

cōdex, dicis, m. (ältere Form caudex, w. vgl.), I) der Stamm eines Baumes, Ov. met. 12, 432 M. Col. 4, 8, 2 u.a.: dah. der Block, an den die Sklaven geschmiedet wurden usw., nach unserer Art der Stock, Plaut. Poen. 1153. Prop. 4, 7, 44. Iuven. 2, 57. – als Schimpfwort, Klotz, codex, non mulier, Petr. 74, 13 B. (vgl. caudex). – II) meton., ein Buch, weil die Alten urspr. auf hölzerne Tafeln schrieben, die mit Wachs überzogen waren, a) im allg., ein Buch, eine Schrift, eine Urkunde, ein Verzeichnis, c. falsus, interlitus, Cic.: multos codices implere earum rerum, in quibus etc., Cic.: ad Iudaeorum codices (alte Testament) provocare, Augustin.: inspicere codices Graecos, Augustin.: sicut in aliis codicibus legitur, Augustin.: ut in Latinis codicibus habemus, Hieron.: nonnulli codices non habent favum, sed plures habent, Augustin.: testamentum duobus codicibus scriptum, aus zwei Büchern bestehend, Suet.: chartacei codices, Hieron.: codices membranei vel chartacei vel etiam eborei, ICt. – b) insbes., α) die heilige Schrift, tenenti (tibi) codicem somnus obrepat, Hieron. epist. 22, 17. – β) codex accepti et expensi (im Zshg. bl. codex), das mit einer Einnahme- und Ausgabeseite (Soll u. Haben) versehene Handbuch, das jeder Römer über den Stand seines Vermögens regelmäßig führte u. führen mußte u. das allein gerichtl. Beweiskraft hatte (nicht die adversaria, die »Strazze«, aus der Einnahme u. Ausgabe monatlich in den codex genau eingetragen wurden), das Ausgabe- u. Einnahmebuch, Hausbuch, Rechnungsbuch, c. falsus, Cic.: codicem instituere, conscribere, Cic.: codicem obsignare, Cic.: habere hoc nomen (Posten) in codicem acc. et exp. relatum, Cic.: in codicem referre, Cic.: in codicis extrema cera (letzten Tafel), Cic.

1 codex [CLalsocaudex] 1 trunk, stem (or root). b chopping-block. c (by conf. w. cortex) bark. d bee-hive. e (in gl.) boat hollowed out from a single block of wood, logboat, trow. caudix, robor, radix ‥, cadex, radex GlC C 39, 253; quamdiu ‥ exigua fovere tuguria ‥ contexta viminibus seu cavatis consuta ~icibus ille qui inter ceteras [apes] magistratus officio fungitur decreverit Aldh. VirgP 6; lignum caudicis [balsami] attactum ferro sine mora moritur Neckam NR II 71; folia buxi ‥ aut †cudex vitis immissa vinum molle faciunt austerum Gad. 135. 1.  b ~ices, onheawas GlC C 545.  c caudix, cortix GlC C 39; caudex vel ~ex, hrind Ælf. Gl..  d evo tranquillo sub caudice vivitur illo R. Cant. Malch. IV 99.  e 10‥ trabaria i. caudex, punt WW. 2 codex, book, volume. b codex, code (leg). cum ~icem elegiaci carminis adsumis in manus, quamcumque paginam aperiens inspexeris ‥ Bede AM 2356; ~ex habens quaterniones septem Id. Cuthb. 8; [Gregorius] omelias ‥ conposuit, quas in duobus ~icibus aequa sorte distinxit Id. HE II 1 p. 76; Frith. 473 (v. capsaces); ‘sacramentum’ in divinis ~icibus non una tantum significatione positum reperitur Lanfr. Corp. & Sang. 437D; in sacris ~icibus Anselm (Ep. 77) III 199; Aldelmi de virginum laude ~ex W. Malm. GP II 73; die qua in capitulo legitur lectio de Quadragesime observatione et ~ices ostenduntur Cust. Westm. 90; Fleta prol. (v. celtis); Wycl. Ver. I 109 (v. concretive); barones et vexilla levantes ultra nonaginta, quorum nomina describuntur in ~ice recordorum ‥, pene tota nobilitas milicie Gallicane G. Hen. V 25; 1511 libros ‥ ac ~ices cujuscunque facultatis impressos StatOx 326; tantum effecerunt ut si essent Graecorum exemplaria librorum ~ices deesse non possent More Ut. 219.  b Justinianus ‥ constitutiones principum ‥ intra xij libros coartavit idemque volumen ~icem Justinianeum appellari precepit R. Niger II 189; sequuntur ‥ curiam cupidi, ~ices et pixides ambitiosi Gir. EH intr. p. 212; 1321 habuit unum librum ~icem impignoratum in cista universitatis DocCOx 172; c1340 libros ‥ viz. j ~icem et Digestum FormOx 123; 1414 lego ‥ omnes libros meos civiles, Digestum vetus, novum, inforciatum et ~icem Reg. Cant. II 38.

2 codex [ME] , ‘code’, cobbler’s wax. Cf. codo. 1342 pro xvj fusillis fili sutorum ‥, pro cera et ~ice pro dictis tassellar’ KR Ac 389/14 m. 4.

cōdex, (14) ĭcis, m. , ¶ 1 tablette à écrire, livre, registre, écrit : Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 119, etc. ; testamentum duobus codicibus scriptum Suet. Aug. 101, 1, testament fait en double exemplaire ¶ 2 code, recueil de lois : Cod. Just.  ; Cod. Th. ¶ 3 c. caudex : Ov. M. 12, 432 || [en part.] poteau de supplice : Pl. Pœn. 1153 ; Prop. 4, 7, 44.

codex , icis. m.
樹榦。奴架。律書。小卷。 — accepti et expensi 出入帳簿。流水簿。

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cōdex icis, m

• (for caudex), a block: Codice misso, O.—A log for punishing slaves, stocks: inmundus, Pr.: residens in codice, Iu. — A block sawn into tablets, book, writing, manuscript, document (in leaves; cf. volumen, a roll): multos codices implevit: falsus.—Esp., an account-book: accepti et expensi, a ledger: in codicis extremā cerā, the last tablet: referre in codicem.

CODEX

CODEXdim. CODICILLUS (the older form was caudex: Cato, ap. Front. Epist. ad M. Anton. 1.2). The word originally signified the trunk or stem of a tree (Verg. G. 2.30; Ov. Met. 12.432; Colum. 12.19.5; Plin. Nat.16.121), and was hence applied to designate anything composed of pieces of wood.

1. A log of wood, attached as a punishment to the feet of slaves, which they dragged with them, and on which they also sat sometimes. (Plaut. Poen. 5.3, 39; Prop. iv. (v.) 7, 41; Juven. 2.57.)

2. Boats on the Tiber, which may originally have been like the Indian canoes, or were constructed of several roughly hewn planks nailed together in a rude and simple manner, were called naves caudicariae, or codicariae, or caudiceae. (Fest. p. 46 M.; Varr., Sail. ap. Non. p. 535, 13; Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4.) The surname of Caudex given to Appius Claudius must be traced to this signification. (Sen. l. c.) In later times the name was given to ships employed in transporting the corn from Ostia to Rome; and the sailors engaged in this traffic, called caudicarii or codicarii, formed a corporation. (Cod. Theod. 14, 4, 9; 14, 15, 1; Orelli, Inscr. 1084, 3178, 4072,; Marquardt, Rön. Staatsverw. 2. p. 110.)

3. The name of codex was given to wooden tablets bound together and lined with a coat of wax, for the purpose of writing upon them; and when, at a later age, parchment or paper or other materials were substituted for wood, and put together in the shape of a book, the name of codex was often used as synonymous with liber or book (Varr., Sen. l. c.; Cic. Ver. 1.4. 6, § 119). It was the name more particularly given to an account book or ledger, codex accepti et expensi. (See following article.) (Dig. 32, 1, 52; Suet. Aug. 101.) In the time of Cicero we find it also applied to the tablet on which a bill was written; and the tribune, Cornelius, when one of his colleagues forbade his bill to be read by the herald or scribe, read it himself (legit codicem suum; Cic. in Vat. 2, § 5; Aston. Ped. in Argum. ad Cornel. p. 58, ed. Orelli). At a still later period, during the time of the emperors, the word was used to express any collection of laws or constitutions of the emperors, whether made by private individuals or by public authority. See the following articles.

The diminutive codicillus, or rather codicilli, was used much in the same way as codex. It originally signified tablets of the kind described above, and was subsequently employed to indicate any small book or document, made either of parchment or paper. (Cic. Phil. 8.1. 0, § 28; ad Fam. 6.18.) Respecting its meaning in connexion with a person's testament, see TESTAMENTUMUnder the empire we find in inscriptions persons designated as a codicillis or adjutor a codicillis, who were probably freedmen in the imperial house, having the management of property bequeathed by will (codicilli) to the emperor. (Orelli, Inscr. 2902, 2903.)

[W.S]

Codex

dim. Codicillus (the older form being caudex: Cato, ap. Front. Epist. ad M. Anton. i. 2). A word originally signifying the trunk or stem of a tree (Georg. ii. 30), and hence used to designate anything composed of pieces of wood.

(1) A log of wood, attached as a punishment to the feet of slaves, which they dragged with them, and on which they also sat sometimes (Plaut. Poen. v. 3, 39).

(2) Boats on the Tiber, which may originally have been like the Indian canoes, or were constructed of several roughly hewn planks nailed together in a rude and simple manner, were called naves caudicariae, or codicariae, or caudiceae ( Fest. p. 46 M.; Varr., Sall. ap. Non. p. 535, 13; Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4). The surname of Caudex given to Appius Claudius must be traced to this signification. In later times the name was given to ships employed in transporting the corn from Ostia to Rome; and the sailors engaged in this traffic, called caudicarii or codicarii, formed a corporation.

(3) The name of codex was given to wooden tablets bound together and lined with a coat of wax, for the purpose of writing upon them; and when, at a later age, parchment or paper or other materials were substituted for wood, and put together in the shape of a book, the name of codex was often used as synonymous with liber, or book ( Verr. i. 46. 119). It was the name more particularly given to an account-book or ledger, codex accepti et expensi (q. v.). In the time of Cicero we find it also applied to the tablet on which a bill was written. At a still later period, during the time of the emperors, the word was used to express any collection of laws or constitutions of the emperors, whether made by private individuals or by public authority. See Codex Gregorianus; Codex Iustinianeus; Codex Theodosianus.

The word codex is largely used by scholars of the MS. editions of the classics that are preserved in the libraries of Europe, and date some from the fifth to the tenth centuries A.D., but the greater number from the thirteenth to the fifteenth. They are of parchment (folio or quarto size), usually with marginal notes written by other hands than those of the original copyist of the codex. (See Liber; Palaeography; Textual Criticism.) They are named (1) after persons who once owned them, as the Codex Petavinus of Ovid, named after one Petavius, and the Codex Vossianus of the same classic, after Voss; and

(2) more commonly after the places where they are kept. Thus there are in England, Codices Britannici or Londinenses (British Museum), Codices Cantabrigienses (Cambridge), and Codices Oxonienses (Oxford). These last are also often noted as Codices Bodleiani (from the Bodleian Library). In France, one finds Codices Parisini (Paris), Codices Bliandifontani (Fontaineblean), Codices Sangermanenses (St. Germain), Codices Montepessulani (Montpellier), etc. In Holland, there are Codices Amstelodamienses (Amsterdam) and Codices Leidenses (Leyden); in Belgium, Codices Bruxellenses (Brussels) and Codices Blandiniani (Blankenberg); in Denmark, Codices Haunienses (Copenhagen); in Switzerland, Codices Bernenses (Berne), Codices Basilienses (Bâle), Codices Einsidlenses (Einsiedeln), Codices Sangallenses (St. Gallen), and Turicenses (Zürich); in Germany, Codices Argentoratenses (Strassburg), Codices Berolinenses (Berlin), Codices Colonienses (Cologne), Codices Palatini (Heidelberg), Codices Fuldenses (Fulda), Codices Caroliruhenses (Carlsruhe), Codices Regiomontani (Königsberg), Codices Guelferbytani (Wolfenbüttel), Codices Monacenses (Munich), Codices Lipsienses (Leipzig), and Codices Vratislavienses (Breslau), etc.; in Austria, Codices Vindobonenses (Vienna) and Codices Budenses (Buda); in Russia, Codices Petropolitani (St. Petersburg); in Spain, Codices Matritenses (Madrid) and Codices Toletani (Toledo). In Italy, the terminology is varied. The great collections are at (1) Florence, in the Bibliotheca Laurentiana of the Church of San Lorenzo, comprising MSS. from the Public Library of San Marco founded by Cosimo de' Medici, and from the collection of Peter Leopold. Hence Florentine codices are styled variously, Florentini, Laurentiani, S. Marci, Medicei, and Leopoldini Laurentiani;

(2) Milan, where the codices are called either Mediolanenses, from the name of the city, or Ambrosiani, from the Ambrosian Library;

(3) Venice, where they are called Veneti, or (from the Library of St. Mark) Veneti Marciani, or simply Marciani;

(4) Turin, Codices Taurinenses;

(5) Verona, Codices Veronenses;

(6) Rome, where the great storehouse is the Vatican Library (Bibliotheca Vaticana), enriched by MSS. from many sources—e. g. from Fulvius Orsini, from Heidelberg, from the Library of Urbino, etc. Hence the Codices Vaticani often receive names to specify more particularly their original sources, as Codices Ursiniani, Codices Palatini, Codices Urbinates, etc.

(7) Naples, where the codices are called Neapolitani, or (from the old Bourbon Library) Borbonici. A complete list of Latin MSS. down to the seventh century is given by Prof. Hübner, in his Grundriss z. Geschichte u. Encycl. der Klass. Philologie (Berlin, 1876).

The diminutive codicillus was used in much the same way as codex. Respecting its meaning in connection with a person's will, see Testamentum.