discus

discus, i, m., = δίσκος.

• A quoit, an implement for exercise in ancient gymnastics, Stat. Th. 6, 646 sq.; Prop. 3, 14, 10 (4, 13, 10 M.); Hor. C. 1, 8, 11; id. S. 2, 2, 13; id. A. P. 380; Ov. M. 10, 177 al.—
• • • • b Prov.: qui discum audire quam philosophum malunt, i. e. who prefer trifles to serious things, Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 21.—
• II A dish, so called because shaped like a quoit, Ap. Met. 2, 24, 15; Vulg. Matt. 14, 8.—
• III The disc of a dial, a sundial, Vitr. 9, 9, 1.

discus, ī, m. (δίσκος), I) die Wurfscheibe, der Diskus (eine platte Scheibe von Stein od. Metall, ein Übungswerkzeug für die Jugend u. bei Wettspielen; die Entfernung des zu Boden gefallenen Diskus vom Orte des Abwurfs entschied bei Wettspielen den Sieg), Plaut., Hor. u.a.: discum audire quam philosophum malunt, sie wollen lieber den Diskus sausen, als einen Philosophen reden hören, Cic. de or. 2, 21. – II) übtr.: a) ein flaches, kreisförmiges Gefäß, bes. zum Auftragen der Speisen, ein Teller, eine Platte, Apul. met. 2, 24. Lampr. Heliog. 20, 7. Apic. 8, 368. Prud. dittoch. 47, 1 (= 185). – b) eine Scheibe od. ein Becken zum Geben eines Signals, discus crepuit, Fronto ep. ad M. Caes. 4, 6. – c) eine auf einer ebenen Fläche angebrachte Sonnenuhr, eine Platte, Vitr. 9, 8, 1.

discus [CL < δίσκος], ~a 1 discus, quoit. discus erat lignum, rota parva, volubile signum, / orbe suo mundum similans, lĕve, lēve, rotundum R. Cant. Malch. II 150. 2 dish, bowl; b (of spec. material); c (shaped like ship); d fire-pan. e vessel (fig.). in ~o caput occisi protulit [cf. Mark vi 28] Bede Hom. II 23. 240; 9‥ ~us, disc WW; cum Romanus pontifex esset, ‥ eundem scyphum et ~um sibi et mihi ‥ faciebat ‥ esse communem J. Sal. Met. 945c; pulmentum comedens, digitos non excute disco. / non tibi sorbenti pulmentum palma reservet / discum, nec lesca panis circumrotet illud D. Bec. 1044-6 (cf. ib. 2549: in mensa disci nimis ampli sive profundi / non apponantur); in primo ferculo sex ova in ~o sibi et filio deferri procuravit Gir. GE II 37 p. 350; in coquina sint ‥ ~us [gl.: quele], scutella [gl.: idem] Neckam Ut. 97; heres ‥ habebit ‥ patellam ‥, ~um, perapsidem ‥ Leg. IV Burg. 116; c1382 nec vult ciphum socii sed proprium portare [v. l. †potare]; / et, ni discus plenus sit, hic vult †minitare [v. l. †murmurare] (Contra Religiosos 154) Mon. Francisc. I 597 (cf. Pol. Poems I 258); instituit ‥ rex quod per elemosinarium ‥ quidam ~us v Christi vulnerum ‥ representativus mense sue ‥ ante omnia alia fercula poneretur Blakman Hen. VI 13.  b cum ‥ positus esset in mensa coram eo ~us argenteus regalibus epulis refertus Bede HE III 6 (cf. Alcuin SS Ebor 297: rex ‥ / argenti ‥ pensantem plurima discum / pondera cum dapibus statim direxit egenis); †841 (17c) dederunt ‥ magnum ~um optime ex argento fabricatum in cxx mancusis auri puri CS 435; [presbyter] debet habere ‥ calicem et ~um de incorruptibili materia, id est de auro vel de argento sive stagno vel vitro Ælf. Ep. 2. 141; 1288 una ~a argenti ad elemos[inam] KR Ac 231/26 m. 12; 1332 j duodenam ~orum de puetre LTR Mem 105 r. 22; 1374 j duodenum de vetere ~o de stanno (Invent.) Pri. Cold. app. p. lxxvi; 1390 super officio scutellarie ‥ pro ij duodenis viij ~orum ligneorum Ac. H. Derby 9; 1390 lego ‥ j duodenam ~orum argenteorum ponderancium xxj lib. xviij s. (Test. J. Douglas) Bannatyne Misc. II 107; 1423 j ~us de tyn pro coclearibus imponendis Ac. Obed. Abingd. 94.  c s1386 quoddam jocale argenteum et deauratum formatum ad modum navis, vocatum ~us elemosinarum, longitudinis trium pedum Chr. Westm. 154; 1421 liberavit ‥ j ~um elimosinar’ ad modum navis (Lib. Mem. Cam.) CalExch II 102; 1427 (v. currere 3a).  d 1563 portabat ignem in ~o contra ordinem (CourtR Auburn) Arch. Soc. Yorks J. X 73.  e Guthlaci ‥ vitam sacrosanctam de S. Felicis ‥ humili ~o in vestri dictaminis auream crateram transferentes (? Lit. Abbatis) Croyl. Cont. A 108. 3 dish or bowl as measure: a of grain or sim. (usu. 1/10 to 1/8 bushel); b of salt; c of ale (unauthorized); d of ore (usu. 1/9 ‘load’). e (w. portans), judge in mining court, ‘bar-master’. a c1182 ad festum S. Martini de chireset queque virgata [reddet] x mensuras, que vocatur ‘~us’, de frumento mundo RB Worc. 353; 1234 debet triturare ‥ de avena iij hops et debet habere j ~um de eodem blado Cust. Glast. 145; 1298 conventus capit de granario abbatis ‥ singulis diebus vij ~os pisarum, de quibus viij ~i faciunt j esk[eppam] (White Bk. Peterb.) MS BL Cotton Vespasian E xxii f. 36b; 1334 pro xxvij ~is farine xiij d. ob. Surv. Denb. 223; 1352 per servicium xvij ~orum plenorum ordei palmalis, quorum x faciunt bussellum Reg. S. Aug. 331; 13‥ vij ~i cumulati de †wouk’[? l. wonk’] faciunt parvam mensuram rasam; que mensura sexies impleta et rasata facit j mensuram cumulatam; que mensura sic mensurata continet j communem ringam de Huntingd’ Cart. Rams. III 159 (cf. ib. I 487: †wougkecorne; v. et.; Eng. Weights 33); c1375 J. de A. molendinarius non ostendit aliquas mensuras preter j ~um falsum Ac. Durh. 328; 1512 J. T. est communis molendinarius ‥; in misericordia quia non protulit ~um sue tolonie CourtR Lygh II f. 9v.  b 12‥ falcabunt ix opera ‥ et habebunt vj panes et vj d. et plenum ~um salis (Temple Cressing, Essex) Rec. Templars 154; c1270 pro carectata salis dabitur j ~us salis, qui continere debet j tolhop (Cust. Gt. Faringdon, Berks) OED s. v. toll sb. 1. 3.  c 1361 vendiderunt cervisiam per ~os et non per mensuras sigillatas Proc. J. P. 367; 1372 testatores cervisie dicunt quod ‥ braciatores vendunt cervisiam per ~os et siphos et non per mensuras legales DL CourtR (Derb) 44/517; 1375 braciatrix ‥ vendi[dit] cervisiam suam ‥ in domo sua ‥, et hoc per ~os et ciphos, ad voluntatem suam SessPLincs 22 (cf. ib. 211: vendiderunt cervisiam suam per ~os non sigillatos per sigillum domini regis nec per sigillum domini de franciplegio ‥ ville); 1396 sunt communes tipelers et vendunt infra domos suas cum ~is et ciphis contra assisam Rec. Nott. I 314.  d 1243 de exitibus manerie plumbi cxlij s., unde recepit tercium decimum ~um; et est summa ladi lx. xviij (Derb) MinAc 825/16 m. 7; 1278 ~us debet esse tam magni ponderis et tante mensure quod contineat tantam minam quantam unus homo fortis poterit elevare de terra JustIt (Cumb) 132 r. 34d.; 1292 rex debet percipere quemlibet nonum ~um mine quem fodiunt minatores; et sciendum quod ~us debet esse tam magni ponderis [etc., ut supra] Ib. 135 r. 26 d.; 1288 (v. dominium 6); 1300 idem r. c. de mmccclxix ladis et dim. ~o tam albe quam nigre mine ‥, lada continente ix ~os Pipe 145 (Devon) ; 1301 (v. albus 5c); 1322 pro xiij ~o mine nomine lot’ domino regi pertinent’ (Derb) MinAc 1146/11 m. 12; 1406 reddendo ‥ pro quolibet loode de byngoore vj s. viij d., quolibet loode continente ix ~os, et pro quolibet loode de watreoore v s. (Flint) Enr. Chester 78 r. 6; 1451 (v. 1 bolla 2e).  e 1517 unacum officio ~um portantis (v. delia). 4 (cf. It. desco etc.): a high table or dais; cf. deisium, 2 digitus. b writing table or desk, also used as book-case; c (dist. as ‘movable’ (? revolving) or ‘hanging’, i. e. w. lid suspended by chains; cf.Arch. Hist. Camb. III 419). d (eccl.) lectern or sim.. e reckoning-board. f tablecloth. a sedens cum priore ‥ in ~o principali Gir. RG II 5; 1206 qui sederit ad ~um [percipiet] j ciphum ad cibum et alium ad vesperam (Cust.) Chr. Evesham 218n (cf. ib. 270: [T. abbas, ob. 1236] tintinnabulum in refectorio ad ~um ‥ cum catena ferrea appendit); abbas alienus ad ~um nostrum nil faciet nisi benedictionem dare ad lectionem et lectionem terminare Cust. Cant. Abbr. 253; 1251 descum in eadem aula ligneum de franco plastro fieri facias Liberate 28 m. 17 (Cal. p. 11) ; c1300 in ‥ summo desco, formis et aliis necessariis faciendis in eadem [aula] MinAc 863/8 (cf. ib.: in gabulo ultra le hautdeis); J. S. [fl. c1303] ‥ dedit ‥ ciphum argenteum ad descum in refectorio MonA III 326a; s1317 mulier ‥ equum ascensa ‥ aulam [Westm’] intravit, mensas ‥ circuivit, ad descum per gradus ascendit, mense regie appropinquavit Trokelowe 98; [sacrista inveniet] mattulas in capitulo ad ~um et ad scanna Cust. Cant. 107 (cf. ib. 162: viso ‥ signo consueto a fratre qui stat cum presidente ad ~um); 1426 pro viij ulnis panni viridis de ~o ExchScot 405; a1440 ubicunque abbas comederit, ad descum, vel in oriolo vel alibi Amund. II app. 320.  b 1294 descam (v. carola 1a); 1305 cum ‥ in ‥ aula descos et banca apponi fecerit, proponens per se personaliter ordinarie et per alios baccalaureos cursorie legere in eisdem Cart. Osney I 111; 1326 j deskam [pro libris, val’ j d.] Cal. RCoron Lond. 148; 1336 littera ‥ est in desca camere plumbate, viz. in pixide ubi sunt testamenta [archiepiscoporum] Lit. Cant. II 125; 1339 tenentes vesperias ‥ habeant coram se et secum in eodem scanno considentibus unam descam vel duas descas in qua vel quibus libros suos reponant, si voluerint StatOx 142; c1320 ne quis ‥ frangat ‥ descos vel formulas in scolis FormOx 169; 1432 magistri regentes facultatis arcium disputantes bachalariis sedendo in cathedra disputent, bachalariis eorumdem ad descam stantibus eis in respondendo StatOx 247; 1450 in xvj seris pro descis librarie et ij clavibus Arch. Hist. Camb. I 12n; c1470 (v. cristatio); 1472 pro reparacione dixtorum in scola juris canonici Arch. Ox. II 305; 1494 novos textus quos carolos vocamus ex novo perdecentes fecit MS BL Arundel 68 f. 4r; c1495 in superiori parte primi dextus (Library List xiii All Souls Oxon) Ox. Bibliog. Soc. (1971) p. 35 (cf. ib.: subtus eodem dextu).  c 1405 in studio unum descum versatile ‥ cum alio desco pendente in parvo oratorio (Test.) Chap. Linc. Act Bks. A 2. 29 f. 20.  d 1317 bolto ferreo ad descam decani in choro emendendo Fabr. Exon. 79; 1325 ad vicarios pertinet: pixis pro conservando corporis Christi ‥; item formule in cancello cum deschis Stat. Ebor. 131; 1391 in factura duarum descarum in capella Ac. Durh. 267; 1395 item alium textum ligneum ‥ item ad magnum altare j textum parve ‥ item j textum de aquila superaurat' (Invent. All Saints) MS Bristol RO NA/20; 1400 in emendacione dexti, j d. Ac. Churchw. Bath 16; 1416 deski in choro ‥, ubi saltem capellanus parochialis et clericus parochialis sedere usi sunt, nimis deformes [sunt] et indigent reparacione (Vis.) Fabr. York 248; 1446 executores ‥ Johannis H. fecerunt fieri pro anime sue memoriali ‥ pavimentum chori cum descis inferiorum grad[u]um (Reg. Peterhouse) Arch. Hist. Camb. I 58n; s1446 super reparatura ~orum et stallorum in cancello ecclesie ‥ controversia ‥ est exorta Croyl. Cont. B 521; hic ~us, a leyterne WW; a lettron, ambo, ~us, lectrinum ‥ CathA.  e a burde, abacus, ~us, mensa ‥; versus ‘rex sedet in disco tendens sua brachia disco;’ ‘in disco disco discens mea dogmata disco’ CathA.  f a burdecloth, ~us ‥, mappa ‥, mensale ‥ CathA.

discus, (13) ī (δίσκος), m. , disque, palet : Cic. de Or. 2, 21 ; Hor. O. 1, 8, 11 || plateau, plat : Apul. M. 2, 24 || cadran : Vitr. Arch. 9, 9.

discus , i. m.
掇石。碟子。日晷圖板。

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discus ī, m

• , δίσκος, a quoit: pete cedentem aëra disco, H.: Indoctus disci, H.: discum audire quam philosophum malunt.

DISCUS

DISCUS(δὶσκος), a circular plate of stone (λιθίνοις δίσκοις, Pind. Isthm. 1.34), or metal ( splendida pondera disci, Mart. 14.164), made for throwing to a distance as an exercise of strength and dexterity. This gymnastic feat, like the αἰγανέα, formed later part of the Pentathlon, scenes from which were sometimes engraved on the discus.

The earliest form was a stone (λίθος, λᾶς), as employed among the mythic Phaeacians, and even down to the latest period (v. sup.); such a mass of granite is preserved in the Bibl. Nat. at Paris (Ménard, Vie Priv. des Anc. tom. 4. p. 26). In Homer, the heroes contend for a lump of iron (σόλος αὐτοχόωνος), perforated in the centre for the passage of a thong which served as a handle (Eratosth., ed. Bernhardy, p. 251), to be given to him who should throw it farthest. (II. 23.826-46, and 2.774; Od. 8.129, 186-8. 17.168.) In historical times the discus was of bronze and lenticular, 10 to 12 in. in diameter in the Lyceum was one like a small smooth shield, with neither handle nor strap (Lucian, Anach. c. 27). The discus of Iphitos in the temple of Zeus at Olympia (Paus. 5.20) bore the truce (ἐκεχειρία) announced by the Eleians at the games spirally engraved upon it.

Of the game itself (δισκοβολία), a complete idea may be formed from the notices of the ancients and the remains of ancient art. The player, standing upon a slight elevation (βαλβίς), raised the discus to the level of his right shoulder (κυτωμαδίοιο, Il. 23.431), and then with a swing of the arm and a following motion of the body hurled it with all his force. (Od. 8.186-200; and cf. Stat. Theb. 6.703, Vasto contorquet turbine et ipse prosequitur; τὰ δίσκουρα, as a measure of length, Il. 23.431, 523). An early example of the δισκοβόλος in art was the figure of Eurybotus on the chest of Cypselus. But the most celebrated representation in antiquity is that by the sculptor Myron, whose powerful portrayal of the initial attitude of the thrower has been the theme of critics from Quintilian downwards (see Quint. Inst. Or. 2.13.10; also Lucian, Philops. 100.18; Philostr. Imag. 1.24; Welcker, ad loc.). Eight copies of this statue are extant, one of which is in the British Museum.

Discus came to mean any plate-shaped object, so perhaps that of silver in the Delphic temple (Philostr. Vit. Apoll. Tyan. 3.9, 57); a dish for serving food (Athen. 4. p. 128 c; Krause, Angeiol. p. 418 ff.). (J. H. Krause, Gymn. u. Agon. d. Hell.; Ersch and Grüber, Gymn. p. 350 ff.; Baumeister, Denkm. s. v.; Blümner, Gesch. d. Kunstgew. s. v.)

[J.M]

Discus

(δίσκος). (1) A circular plate or quoit of stone, iron, or bronze made for throwing to a distance as a feat of strength or skill. Of this game (δισκοβολία) it is sufficient to say that it was identical with our “putting the shot.” See Odyssey, viii. 186-200. A very celebrated representation in art is the Discobolus of the sculptor Myron, whose powerful portrayal of the initial attitude of the thrower has been praised by critics from the time of Quintilian. (Cf. Quintil. ii. 13. 10.) Many of the copies of the original vary the pose so as to represent the athlete's head as not turned aside, and this is the case with the famous statue in the Vatican. The most correct reproduction is that now in possession of Prince Lancelotti, and kept in his private bed-chamber in the Palazzo Lancelotti, Rome.

(2) A dish or plate.