Logeion | gubernaculum

gubernāculum, ī, n.: a helm, 5.176. (gubernō, steer)

gŭbernācŭlum (poet. contr. gŭbernāclum, Lucr. 4, 904; Verg. A. 5, 176; 859; 6, 349 al.), i, n. [guberno], a helm, rudder (cf. clavus).

I Lit.: hominis, non sapientis inventa sunt navigia, additis a tergo gubernaculis, quae huc atque illuc cursum navigii torqueant: exemplum a piscibus tractum, qui cauda reguntur, etc., Sen. Ep. 90; cf.: piscium meatus gubernaculi modo regunt (caudae), Plin. 11, 50, 111, § 264: ut cruribus velut gubernaculis demissis cursum dirigeret, Front. 3, 13, 6: hic ille naufragus ad gubernaculum accessit, et navi, quoad potuit, est opitulatus, Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154: ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister, Verg. A. 5, 176.—
II Transf., guidance, direction; esp. of the state, government (usually in plur.): clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare, Cic. Sest. 9, 20; cf.: qui ad gubernacula rei publicae sedere debebant, id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51: repelli a gubernaculis civitatum, id. de Or. 1, 11, 46: recedere a gubernaculis, id. Fam. 16, 27, 1: ad gubernacula rei publicae accedere, Liv. 4, 3, 17: quis ad gubernacula sedeat summa cura providendum, id. 24, 8, 13: abicere gubernacula imperii, Val. Max. 7, 6, 1: transferre ad aliquem fortunarum suarum gubernacula, Nazar. Pan. Const. 27, 2: temperare gubernacula vitae, Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 219.—In sing.: (rare) exercitus non habilis gubernaculo, Vell. 2, 113, 2: gubernaculum rei publicae tenere, Lact. 1, 1, 14.

gubernāculum (poet. synkop. gubernāclum), ī, n. (guberno), das Steuerruder, I) eig.: gub. modicum, Vulg.: gub. magnum, exiguum, Sen.: gubernacula ingentia et enormia, Apul.: navis gubernaculo parens, Sen.: navis gubernaculi impatiens, Curt.: piratica puppis (Schiff) orba gubernaclis, Claud.: ad gubernaculum accedere, Cic.: apponere (navi) utrimque gubernacula, Tac.: gubernaculis assidēre, Plin. pan.: gubernaclum contorquere quo libet unum, Lucr.: funduntur liburnicae armamenta et gubernaculum diffringitur, Suet.: alci gubernacula eripere (v. der Meereswoge), Sen.: gubernaculum flectere, Sen.: cum stridunt funes, curvatur arbor (Mastbaum), gubernacula gemunt, Plin. ep.: gubernaculum regere, Val. Max. (u. so scientia regendi gubernaculi, Sen.): gubernacula retorquere, nach dem Ufer zurücksteuern (= umkehren), Plin. pan.: gubernaclum multā vi forte revolsum, Verg.: tenere rapiente fluctu gubernaculum, Sen.: rectum cursum, recta gubernacula in periculum tenere, Plin. ep. – in der Vergleichung, ut cruribus velut gubernaculis demissis cursum dirigeret, Frontin. 3, 13, 6: piscium meatus gubernaculi modo regunt (caudae), Plin. 11, 264: velificatas alas quo libuit advertens modico caudae gubernaculo (Rudern), Apul. flor. 2. p. 2, 16, Kr. – II) bildl., wie unser Ruder, Steuer = Lenkung, Leitung, Richtung, gew. von der des Staates als Schiff betrachtet, α) gew. im Plur.: accedere ad rei publicae gubernacula, Cic. u. Liv.: alqm admovere publicae salutis gubernaculis, Plin. pan., od. publicis gubernaculis, Pacat. pan., od. ad rei publicae gubernacula, Plin. ep.: ad alqm gubernacula rei publicae deferre, Cic.: gubernacula rei publicae prehendere, Cic.: gubernacula urbis invadere, an das Ruder der Stadt treten, Flor.: ad gubernacula rei publicae sedere, Cic. u. Liv.: clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare, Cic.: leges et gubernacula temperare, Vopisc.: senatum a gubernaculis deicere, populum e navi exturbare, Cic.: gubernacula imperii sui e manibus abicere, Val. Max. (vgl. cum cogar exire de navi non abiectis, sed ereptis gubernaculis, Cic.): depellere (verdrängen) alqm a publicis gubernaculis, Treb. Poll.: u. so depellere oratorem a gubernaculis civitatum, Cic.: a gubernaculis recedere, Q. Cic. – in andern Beziehungen, arteriarum pulsus... observatione crebri aut languidi ictus gubernacula vitae temperat, bedingen die Richtschnur des Lebens, Plin. 11, 219: transferre ad alqm fortunarum suarum gubernacula, Nazar. pan. 27, 2. – β) (selten) im Sing.: exercitus non habilis gubernaculo, nicht leicht sich dem Kommando fügend, nicht leicht zu kommandieren (befehligen), Vell. 2, 113, 2: gubernaculum rei publicae tenere, Lact. 1, 1, 14.

gubernaculum [CL] 1 helm, rudder; b (fig.). c (pl.) steering gear (naut.). ~um quo ‥ naves circumferuntur ubi impetus dirigentis voluerit Bede Ep. Cath. 26; absentia ~i impellit navem in scopulos Anselm (Casus Diab.) I 274; sicut ~o regitur navis Ib. (v. gubernare 1b); naves ‥ sine ullo remige vel ~o vagari per pelagus sunt dimisse Petrus Dial. 36; navis sine ~i destituta solamine R. Cold. Cuthb. 23; ille qui ~o preerat et sedebat in puppi, abjecta arte et derelicta sede, navem fortuito commisit eventui P. Blois Ep. 52. 158B; 1294 (v. benda 1a); nautis ‥ nec ~um quidem nec remus sed nec ulla prorsus humana suppeditare valebat industria Mir. Hen. VI III 124. b quosque sine grammaticorum ~o ‥ ad erroris naufragia ‥ trudentes Aldh. VirgP 59; c790 paupertas ‥ humilitatis ~o regatur Alcuin Ep. 53. c 1285 compellunt ‥ barones V Portuum ‥ appreciari naves suas cum omnibus utensilibus et ~is naves illas contingentibus SelCKB I 156 (= MGL I 491). 2 (sg. or pl.) government, rule: a (divine); b (secular, esp. w. regni); c (eccl. or mon.). d (pl.) burdens of government. e (w. malum) misrule. a 956 (12c) conditor rerum a quo totius mundane machine rite ~a reguntur CS 964. b 705 Berctualdo totius Brettanie ~a regenti Wealdhere Ep. 22; Joas Israheliticae plebis ~o potitus Aldh. Met. 7; filio regni ~a reliquit Bede HE III 8 p. 142; Ælfred ‥ totius regni ~a ‥ suscepit Asser Alf. 42; cui dum multa de regni ~o multaque hortaretur de Christianitatis studio Enc. Emmae I 5; c1074 nullam Deus majorem terris misericordiam impendit quam cum pacis ‥ amatores ad animarum seu corporum ~a provehit Lanfr. Ep. 38 (10); indoluit Stephanum ad regni Anglorum ~um successisse G. Steph. I 25; susceptus ‥ a Jerosolimitis ~um Davidis solii accepit Ord. Vit. X 21 p. 131; Cordeilla ‥ filia regni ~a adepta sepelivit patrem G. Mon. II 14; gens Hibernica servitute depulsa ‥ ad regni ~a denuo successit Gir. TH III 42; 1281 cartam quam dudum ante quam gubernatilla regni nostri susceperamus fieri fecimus CartINorm. 30; ‘suscipe habenas’, id est ~a regni Trevet Troades 53; quare Dani gentes hujus regni ~a tenuerunt fuit desidia ‥ Ethelredi W. Worc. Itin. 318. c Herbertus ~um rudis abbatie usurpavit Ord. Vit. XII 31 p. 430; post parve navicule regimen eidem [sc. Petro] ~um magne navis, id est totius ecclesie magisterium, mancipavit P. Blois Serm. 644C; quod salubre sit ‥ virginibus si patres eis spirituales eligantur, quorum non solum ~is tueri sed etiam doctrinis possint edificari Canon. G. Sempr. 52v. d quid loquar de incessabilibus regni ~is? Asser Alf. 91. e 1591 permisit ‥ personas ignotas frequentare lusos illicit’ et mal’ gestur’ et gubernac’ [‘evill rule’] (CourtR Purleigh) MS Essex RO D/DVo 3 m. 10.

gŭbernācŭlum, (11) et sync. poét. gŭbernaclum, ī, n. , gouvernail [dʼun navire], timon : Cic. Inv. 2, 154 ; Sen. Ep. 90, 24 || [fig. au pl.] : ad gubernacula rei publicæ sedere Cic. Amer. 51, se tenir au gouvernail de lʼÉtat, prendre en main le timon des affaires ; gubernacula reipublicæ tractare Cic. Sest. 20, manier le gouvernail de lʼÉtat, cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 46 ; Liv. 4, 3, 17 ; 24, 8, 13 || [sing. rare] : exercitus non habilis gubernaculo Vell. 2, 113, 2, armée difficile à gouverner.

gubernāculum en (poët. sync.) gubernāclum, ī n (guberno)

1. roer; ➤ navis -o parens;
2. (metaf.) (meestal plur.) besturing, leiding, regering; ➤ ad rei publicae -a accedere.

gubernaculum , i. n.
船舵。灌柄。

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, Tributi genus, quod a prætereuntibus navibus exigitur. Charta Raim. comit. S. Egid. ann. 1164. in Chartul. Cluniac. : In omnibus consuetudinibus, quas de ratibus, quæ per aquam veniunt, accipere solent, quæ sunt decimæ, et Gubernacula, et transversaria. , Jus utendi aqua. Charta ann. 1210. ex Chartul. Vallis B. M. diœc. Paris. : Dedi etiam... duos denarios, qui de jure hæreditario solent reddi Droconi patri meo et suis hæredibus pro Gubernaculo aquæ.

gubernāculum (poet. -nāclum, V.), ī, n

guberno, a helm, rudder: ad gubernaculum accessit: Ipse gubernaclo rector subit, V.—Plur, guidance, direction, control, government: rei p.: ereptis senatui gubernaculis: ad gubernacula rei p. sedere, C., L.

GUBERNACULUM

GUBERNA´CULUM[NAVIS]

Gubernăculum

(πηδάλιον). A rudder; originally nothing more than a large oar with a broad blade, either fastened by braces (funes, ζεύγλαι) outside the quarters of the vessel or passed through an aperture in the bulwarks. Later, it was furnished with a cross-bar, which served as a tiller, like the left-hand figure, from a Pompeian painting. Its different parts were distinguished by the following names: ansa, the handle, a; clavus, the shaft, b; pinna, the blade, c. The word is frequently used in the plural; because the ancient vessels were commonly furnished with two rudders, one on each quarter, each of which had its own helmsman, if the vessel was a large one; but were both managed by a single steersman when it was small enough. See gubernator; navis.

gubernaculum

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