oleum

ŏlĕum, i, n., = ἔλαιον, oil, olive-oil.

• I Lit., Cato R. R. 64 sq.; Varr. R. R. 1, 55; Col. 12, 50; Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 21; Lex. Thor. lin. 95 Rudorff. p. 191: instillare oleum lumini, Cic. Sen. 11, 36: juventus Nudatos umeros oleo perfusa nitescit, Verg. A. 5, 135; Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 21: ungere caules oleo meliore, Hor. S. 2, 3, 125; Inscr. Orell. 748: BALNEVM CVM OLEO GRATVITO DEDIT, ib. 3738. —As a fig. of softness, gentleness: oleo tranquillior, quieter, gentler, stiller than oil, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 66 (1239).—Prov.: oleum et operam perdere (alluding to nocturnal labors), to lose one's time and trouble, to spend them in vain, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 119 (328); Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3: ne et opera et oleum philologiae nostrae perierit, id. Att. 2, 17, 1; cf.: ante lucem cum scriberem contra Epicureos, de eodem oleo et operā exaravi nescio quid ad te, id. ib. 13, 38, 1: petit hic (labor) plus temporis atque olei plus, Juv. 7, 99: oleum addere camino, to add oil to the fire, i.e. to aggravate an evil, Hor. S. 2, 3, 321 (cf. the Gr. πίττῃ καὶ ἐλαίῳ πῦρ κατασβεννύναι).—
• II Trop.
• • A The palaestra (from the use of oil to anoint the bodies of wrestlers): ego eram decus olei, Cat. 63, 65.—
  • B Transf., literary contests or rhetorical exercises: genus verborum nitidum, sed palaestrae magis et olei, quam hujus civilis turbae ac fori, more proper for exercises in the school or for disputations, than for use in public, Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 81.—
  • C (In eccl. Lat.) The spirit, inspiration: unxit te Deus oleo exultationis, Vulg. Heb. 1, 9; id. Isa. 61, 3.

oleum, eī, n. (ἐλαῖον), der ausgepreßte Olivensaft, das Öl, Baumöl, amygdalinum, Plin.: laurinum, Plin. u. Pallad.: lentiscinum, Plin. u.a.: narcissinum, Plin.: conditum, altes, ranziges, viride, frisches, Suet. u. (Ggstz. malum) Colum.: cibarium, Edict. Diocl. u. Pelagon.: legitimum, die gehörige Menge Öl, Petron: vivum, Naphtha, Gratt. cyn. 434: oleum, hoc est amygdalis amaris expressum, Plin.: instillare oleum lumini, Cic.: aula oleo indiget, Gell.: procurator ad oleum (Ölverteiler ans Volk), Corp. inscr. Lat. 14, 20. – Sprichw., oleum et operam perdere, v. vergeblich angewandter Mühe, Plaut. Poen. 332: u. so et operam et oleum perdere, Cic. ep. 7, 1, 3: u. oleum perdere et impensas, Hieron. epist. 57, 12. – oleum flammae od. igni adicere, Öl ins Feuer gießen, Hieron. epist. 22, 8 u. 125, 11: so ellipt., oleum in incendium, Porphyr. Hor. sat. 2, 3, 321. – bildl., nitidum quoddam genus est verborum et laetum, et palaestrae magis et olei quam huius civilis turbae ac fori, es fehlt ihren Worten nicht an Glanz u. Anmut, aber sie verraten zu sehr Schule u. Feile, als daß sie dem großen Haufen der Bürger auf dem Forum gefallen könnten, Cic. de or. 1, 81 M.

oleum [CL] 1 olive oil; b (unspec.) oil. oliva ‥ et hoc ~um, i. liquor qui de fructu exprimitur Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 393; ~um quando simpliciter ponitur pro ~o olive intelligitur Alph. 129.  b patria vini ~ique experta relicta Italiam petunt Gildas EB 7; ad premendum ~um Comm. Cant. I 292; utpute non oleum nec vinum Fresia fundit Alcuin Carm. 4. 10; ~um, ele Ælf. Gl. 128; ecce comparat hic Jeronimus Spiritum ~o, hominem Christum aque J. Cornw. Eul. 17; per libram magnam deberent venderi [sic] omnia liquida, sc syrupos, †olera [l. olea] et, hujusmodi J. Mirfield Brev. 92; ~um, ~i multa sunt genera Alph. 128; vitare debetis ‥ olium nimium, frequentacionem balnei Kymer 3 p. 555. 2 (dist acc. source): a (derived from plant, vegetable, or sim.); b (derived from animal); c (mineral); d (other, alch.); e (as issuing from icon, relic, or sim.). a nardus ‥ in caldarium mittitur et coquitur usque ad pinguedinem et cocleario desuper tollitur ~um Comm. Cant. III 79; ~um nucum [Trevisaoyle of notes] Bart. Angl. XIX 43 p. 1174; ydroleon fit ex ~o olivarum et aqua, ita ut sint ij partes aque et tertia ~i SB 24; dissolventur in colorem viridem instar ~i olive Ripley 335; ~um amarissimum, i. de succo majorane ‥ ~um amigdalinum ‥ ex amigdalis amaris ‥ ~um mirtinum, i. ~um mirte agrestis ‥ ~um violacium, i. ~um ex floribus violarum. ~um catholicum, i. ~um herbe catholice, i. allipiados ‥ ~um sinapinum, i. ~um sinapis Alph. 128–9.  b 1278 in ~o allecis ad carectas ex harnesia emendanda et reparanda Ac. Durh. 486; ~um de scorpionibus et de scarabeis et de lumbricis terre Gad. 116. 1; 1365 injunctum est Thome Herynger ne faciat ~um post festum Natalis Domini infra domum ubi nunc moratur, ‥ quia omnes tenentes ville graviter conqueruntur quod talis gravis odor procedit de infusione ~i quod nullus possit adire ibidem absque periculo Hal. Durh. 39; mirmicelion, i. ~um formicarum Alph. 118; ~um de ovis Ib. 129.  c ~um citrinum petroleum, id est oriens ex petra, comburit quicquid occurrit si rite preparetur Bacon Maj. II 217; possumus artificialiter componere ignem comburentem, sc. ‥ ex ~o petroleo rubro et aliis Id. NM 536; 1439 in precio duarum lagenarum ~i benedicti, prec’ lagene xiij s. iiij d., duarum librarum ~i petrolii, prec’ libre v s. iiij d., nimis libre ~i terbentin’ , prec’ viij s. KR Ac 503/7 m. 1; petroleum, i. ~um de petra Alph. 139.  d capitulum ~i albi fixi philosophici M. Scot Alch. 156; sicut ‥ per vias alcimie extrahitur ~um benedictum a lateribus Bacon IX 156; ~um ardens est ~um tartari ad summum gradum correctum LC 255; ~um vitrioli aurificatum est quod auro dulcoratum est artificiose LC 256; ~um colcotharinum, est ~um ex vitriolo rubeum Ib..  e 1383 de ~o Sancte Marie ‥ de Sarzinay Ac. Durh. 428; cistula ‥ cum ~o Sancte Katerine ‥ et Sancti Nicholai Ib. 431. 3 (dist acc. function, use, or application): a (as food or in cooking); b (in lamps, also w. ref. to burning the midnight oil); c (as incendiary material); d (as lubricant); e (as medicine or aromatic oil); f (as ingredient in paint); g (bibl., eccl. & mon., as chrism or holy oil). a hoc idem de farris simila et polline simulque crassa ~i pinguedine fecisse memoratur Aldh. VirgP 39 (40) p. 291; placentas dulces faciunt de simila et ~o Gl. Leid. 14. 5; in ~o esibili empto ij s. vj d. Ac. Beaulieu 309.  b ut lichinis et lampadibus ecclesiae pinguis ~i liquor oportunus defuisset Aldh. VirgP 32 p. 271; ad emendum ~um quo impleantur omnia luminaria illius apostolicae ecclesiae Asser Alf. 16; aecclesia Beatae Virginis Mariae, in qua est ~um in lampade semper ardens Sæwulf 60; dum pallens studio et marcens oleo ardet utroque / languidus Hanv. III 98; 1338 unam pipam ~i pro lampadibus (AssizeR) Law Merch. III 160.  c adipem et ~um ignitum in turrim et in milites fundibalis jaculabantur W. Malm. GR IV 369; ~um ‥ petroleum Bacon Maj. II 217 (v. 2c supra).  d colemma, i. commixtio ~i ex qua luctatores in palestra ungebantur Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 94; 1278 in ~o allecis (v. 2b supra); 1410 item in ~o empt’ pro lez colers et cartharneyse unguend’ Ac. Durh. 608.  e ipsa unctio ~i fessis ac dolentibus membris solet adferre levamen Bede Hom. I 25. 106; ~um regum que dicitur medicina annualis, que anno integro sumi debet Bacon IX 129; super ‥ egritudines nervorum frigidas ‥ ~um de euforbio est optimum ‥ et ~um philosophorum, i. ~um benedictum Gad. 65v. 2; musteolum est quoddam ~um de musco et aliis speciebus aromaticis factum SB 31.  f 1388 de ~o lini pro pictura Ac. Durh. 376.  g presbitero licet ‥ facere ~um exorcizatum et infirmis crismam Theod. Pen. II 3. 8; modo ‥ ~o unctionis in dedicatione ejus emundent Comm. Cant. I 375; nunc ecclesiae consuetudo tenet ut infirmi ~o consecrato ungantur a presbiteris Bede Ep. Cath. 39; damus vobis sanctificatum ~um tribus modis sanctificatum, id est: ~um sanctum et ~um crismatis et ~um infirmorum Ælf. Ep. 3. 4; crisma sanctificationis et ~um a Fontanensi episcopo ex more accipiat W. Malm. GR II 150; ecce lapis quem unxit ~o sanctus Jacob [cf. Gen. xxviii 18] Ailr. Serm. 3. 27. 224; nec tamen omne ~um ad unctionem sanctificatum chrisma vocatur, sed illud solum quod miscetur cum balsamo ‥ est et alia unctio qua cathecumini et neophyti unguntur ‥ tertia unctio est vero ~um infirmorum Gir. GE I 4 p. 15-16. 4 (fig or in phr.); b (w. ref. to Psalm. liv 22). pudicitiae lampadibus et lichinis ~o castimoniae conflagrantibus Aldh. VirgP 16; cuncti ~o laetitiae signamur Bede Ep. Cath. 49; si cor meum ‥ deberet ‥ mollescere ~o vestrae dulcis allocutionis Anselm (Ep. 85) III 210; primo vos pavit Dominus noster ~o misericordie sue Ailr. Serm. 32. 2; c1212 ad corumpendum ~i nostri dulcedinem totam toxicum suum venenatum admiscere non cessat Gir. Ep. 5 p. 206.  b sermones ‥ suos super ~um mollire satagunt Bede Cant. 1114; cujus sermones super ~um sunt molliores Andr. S. Vict. Sal. 23; mollito super ~um effluens sermone Gir. TH III 52. 5 oil-like substance. ~um, lucis vitalis fomentum speciale, quod sperma existit Kymer 3 p. 554; ~um Palestinum est acetum LC 257.

ŏlĕum, (9) ī, n. (ἔλαιον), huile dʼolive, huile [en gén.] : Cato Agr. 65 ; Varro R. 1, 55 ; Virg. En. 5, 135 || [prov.] oleo tranquillior Pl. Pœn. 1236, plus doux quʼun agneau ; oleum et operam perdere Pl. Pœn. 332 ; Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3, perdre son temps et sa peine, cf. Cic. Att. 2, 17, 1 ; oleum addere camino Hor. S. 2, 3, 321, verser de lʼhuile sur le feu || [fig., en parl. de lʼhuile dont se frottaient les athlètes] decus olei Catul. 63, 65, la gloire de la palestre ; verba palæstræ magis et olei Cic. de Or. 1, 81, expressions qui sentent plutôt lʼécole et la parade.

oleum , i. n.
厄里瓦油。油。— addere camino 火上添油。— et operam perdere 妄費工夫。

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oleum ī, n

• , ἔλαιον, oil, olive-oil: instillare oleum lumini: iuventus umeros oleo perfusa, V.: melius, H.—Prov.: et oleum et operam perdidi, wasted time and labor: ne et opera et oleum philologiae nostrae perierit: petit hic (labor) plus temporis atque olei plus, Iu.: oleum addere camino, pour oil on the fire, H.—Fig.: palaestra et oleum, i. e. the training school: ego eram decus olei, i. e. the palaestra, Ct.

Oleum

(ἔλαιον). Oil, a substance very extensively used in aucient times. Apart from its employment as an article of food and for burning in lamps, it served to anoint the body after the bath and in the palaestra. The oil most used was that obtained by means of olive-presses from the olive-tree (ἐλάα, ἐλαία), which seems to have been transplanted from Syria to Greece and thence to Italy. The best olive-oil produced among the Greek States was that of Attica; here the olive-tree was considered a gift of the national goddess Athené, who, by means of it, had obtained the victory in her contest with Poseidon for the possession of the country. Here, also, the olive-tree was under the special protection of the State; no one was allowed to cut down olive-trees on his own plot of land, except for specified purposes, and then only a specified number. Moreover, many olive-trees standing on private ground were regarded as the property of the goddess of the State, and it was therefore forbidden, on pain of death, to cut them down. They were under the special control of the Areopagus, which had them inspected from time to time by certain officials, and they were farmed out by the State (Lysias, Or. ix.). Part of the oil thus obtained had to be sold by the farmer to the State at a fixed price; this was only used for festive purposes, especially to be distributed in prizes to the victors in the Panathenaic contests (Pindar, Nem. x. 35).

In Italy the olive-tree, which spread thence to France and Spain, grew so well that the Italian oil, especially from the neighbourhood of the South Italian cities Venafrum and Tarentum, and that from the Sabine country (hence baca Sabella), was considered the finest in the world, and so met with a ready sale abroad. The best kind was considered to be oil from unripe olives, especially the first from the press (Pliny, H. N. xv. 1-34). See Blümner, Technologie, i. 348 foll.

For the preparation and use of fragrant oils and perfumes, see unguentum.