pius

pius , a, um: (adj.), dutiful, pious, especially to gods and parents, 1.220, et al.; pious, reverent, devout, 1.526; sacred, holy, 4.637; righteous, good, 1.603; pure, 3.42; blessed, 5.734; of the gods, righteous, just, 4.382, et al.

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie: o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie, Prud. Cath. 3, 1.—Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.—Sup.: piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā, Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to τίω, τιμάω],

• that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things): si quis pius est, Plaut. Rud. prol. 26: uxor pia et pudica, id. Am. 5, 1, 33 (1085): Capus ... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.): (deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15: di meliora piis, Verg. G. 3, 513: poëta, Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.: pio vatis ab ore, Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed: piorum sedes, Cic. Phil. 14, 12: arva piorum, Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion: far, Hor. C. 3, 23, 20: tura, Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7: luci, sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6: pia et aeterna pax, a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35: Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt, id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96: ore pio, id. M. 7, 172; so, quosque pium est adhibere deos, id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.: stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis, justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.: pius in parentes, Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90: pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises, Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.: seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati, Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482: pius dolor, Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477: quo pius affectu Castora frater amat, id. Tr. 4, 5, 30: metus, of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—
• II Transf., in gen.
• • A Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato R. R. praef.—
  • B Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (post-Aug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11: pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus, Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Eccli. 2, 13.—Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.—Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately: pie sancteque colere deos, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1: memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis, id. Sen. 22, 81: metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie, id. Mil. 38, 103: pie lugere, id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.—Sup.: quod utrumque piissime tulit, Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

pius, a, um, I) pflichtmäßig handelnd, pflichtmäßig, fromm, a) = rechtschaffen, gottesfürchtig, tugendhaft, gewissenhaft (Ggstz. impius, sceleratus), uxor, Plaut.: homo, Cic.: Aeneas, Verg.: ingenium Pamphili, Ter. – bes. v. Dichtern, poëta, Catull.: vates, Verg.: pii luci, die frommen Dichterhaine (weil sie mit frommen Empfindungen erfüllen), Hor. – und von den Verstorbenen im Elysium, pii, die Seligen, Cic. – übtr., v. Handlungen u. Zuständen = fromm, gewissenhaft, rechtmäßig, gerecht, pflichtmäßig, pax, Cic.: duellum (= bellum), Liv.: militia, Ov.: dolor, Ov.: maxime p. quaestus, der unschuldigste, ehrlichste Gewinn, Cato. – subst., iustum piumque, Recht u. Billigkeit, Ov. – pium est (es ist pflichtmäßig, gottgefällig) m. Infin., Ov. fast. 4, 829. – b) = zärtlich (gesinnt), liebevoll gegen Vaterland, nächste u. ferne Anverwandte, Obrigkeit, Wohltäter, Lehrer, väterlich, kindlich, pflichtgetreu, in parentes, Cic.: adversus sororem, Liv.: pia sarcina nati, v. Anchises, Ov.: impietate (gegen den Sohn) pia est (gegen den Bruder), Ov.: propinquitates, Planc. in Cic. ep.: affirmat fore se memoremque piumque, Ov. – übtr., metus, zärtliche Furcht (einer Gattin, die für das Leben des Gatten besorgt ist), Ov.: munificentia, freundschaftliche (gegen Verwandte), Vell. – II) insbes.: a) gütig, gnädig, Claud. IV. cons. Hon. 275: haec (clementia) patrem tuum specialiter Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aur. bei Vulc. Gallic. Avid. Cass. 11, 7: u. so Titel der Kaiser, Faustina bei Vulc. Gallic. Avid. Cass. 10, 1 u. in Inschriften, z.B. Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 1113. Eckhel doctr. numm. 7. p. 36; 8. p. 453. – b) (wie φίλος) hold, traut, pia testa (Flasche), Hor. carm. 3, 21, 4. – ➳ Superl. piissimus, von Cic. Phil. 13, 43 als unlat. getadelt, von Sen. rhet., Tac. u.a. ganz regelmäßig gebraucht; vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 2, 204 u. 205 u. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 531. – Nbf. piius, in Inschr., zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 16123; vgl. Cic. bei Quint. 1, 4, 11. – u. Nbf. piēns, entis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 368 u. 11, 434: Superl. pientissimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 19; 5, 131 u. ö: vulg. pientessimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 12, 1128.

pius [CL] 1 characterized by having due respect for, or offering worship to, God, devout, pious: a (w. ref. to worshipper of pagan gods); b (of Christian person or part of body); c (of ruler, sts. as title or form of respectful address). d (of conduct, attitude, or abstr.). e (~ae recordationis) of pious memory. f (~us locus) holy place, site associated with pious person or activity. g (as sb. m.) pious man. a in eos, quos censebant esse deos, pientiores longe fuerunt Bekinsau 741.  b servatur fidaei patrieque semper amator / hic Paulinus jacit cultor pientisimus aequi Conc. HS I 164; dum sarmenta pius glomeraret Paulus ad ignem Aldh. CE 4. 2. 24; religiosus ac pius auditor sive lector Bede HE pref. p. 5; ille qui piis cervicibus impias intulit manus Ib. I 7.  c si talis ‥ condicio ‥ cuilibet sancto sacerdoti pioque regi ingesta fuisset Gildas EB 67; 679 imperantibus dominis piissimis nostris Ecgfrido rege ‥ et Aedilredo rege Bede HE IV 15 p. 239; 798 ((12c)) in loco ‥ quod michi rex pius Egfridus ‥ donavit CS 291; a pientissimo rege vite veniam postulavit, qua illum rex quoque donavit clementissimus André Hen. VII 72.  d o quam splendida piae castitatis acies illustrat Aldh. VirgP 22; ira ‥ / ‥ / copulata piae disrumpit foedera pacis Id. VirgV 2628; illos ‥ qui simplicitate rustica sed intentione pia Deum dilexerunt Ib. III 25; c750 (8c) provabilibus desideriis et petitionibus piis assensum ‥ praebere gloriosum constat esse et rectum ‥ . ego Cuthberhtus ‥ hanc piam donationem predicti regis consensi CS 160; c1165 pium est ac religiosum ea que sanctis locis a fidelibus ‥ collata sunt confirmare Ch. Westm. 280; martyr ‥ / ‥ Thoma, spes Anglorum, / vitam nostram statuens pio statu morum Poésies pop. 93; novit ‥ pia fides pigra prevolare tempora G. Hoyland Ascet. 263D; de capitibus adversariorum Christi pie placationis sacrificium offerre G. Cold. Durh. 8 p. 13; 13‥ ut nullus presbyter celebret in tunica curta nisi se protineat ultra genu, sub pena decem marcarum, cujus medietas detectori et alia dimedietas piis usibus applicetur Conc. Scot. II 66; 1559 sub pena amissionis quarte partis fructuum suorum beneficiorum ‥ in pios usus applicandorum Ib. II 162.  e 1265 Philippe pie recordacionis filie Willelmi FormA 259; 1284 pro anima nobilis viri pie recordacionis domini Johannis de Balliolo Deeds Balliol 281; 1306 ex domo pie recordationis Guillelmi ‥ fundatoris nostri FormA 280; a1350 pro anima pie recordacionis Henrici regis StatOx 62.  f 1439 ecclesiarum parochiarum capellarum cantariarum et aliorum piorum locorum DCDurh. Reg. Parv. II f. 106v; 1549 de rectoriis ‥, monasteriis ‥ seu aliis ~is locis Conc. Scot. II 100.  g tum pius alloquitur tali cum voce catervas Aldh. VirgV 1585; c750 (8c) auribus percipiant vocem clementissimi Judicis inquientis ad pios: ‘venite ‥ Patris mei percipite regnum ‥’ CS 160; c763 (12c) audiant vocem clementissimi Arbitri, inquientis ad pios CS 194; Princeps pacis factus est in pace piorum J. Ford Serm. 67. 5. 2 (of God or Christ, w. ref. to goodness towards mankind) benevolent, kind, merciful; b (transf., of his actions or attributes). exultationem pio omnium Patri Deo sanctorum tua salus servanda prestaret Gildas EB 34; 672 ingressurus tripudium a Prosatore pio promereatur Aldh. Ep. 5 p. 492; hic quoque commemorat metrorum comma Philippum, / quem pius aethrali ditavit gratia Christus Id. CE 4. 8. 2; rogavit ut apud misericordiam pii Conditoris impetraret Bede HE IV 9; c763 (12c) pius ‥ Deus non quantitatem muneris sed devotionem offerentium ‥ inquirit CS 194; ipsum ‥ potentem / esse, vel esse pium, jure fatemur idem / ‥ / cumque Deus sit, et hic et ibi sit totus ubique, / est et ubique potens, est et ubique pius L. Durh. Dial. III 268, 272; 1166 vix tanti debetis facere animam vestram ut non ‥ experiamini quid per humilitatem vestram dignetur efficere pius Jesus J. Sal. Ep. 182 (179); pius est Dominus, nec vult mortem peccatorum, ‥ nec ipsi difficile erit misereri J. Ford Serm. 102.5; 1459 ad reddendum Deum pium magis, ac propitium, peccatis eorum Reg. Whet. I 326.  b nam mihi versificum poterit Deus addere carmen / inspirans stolidae pia gratis munera menti Aldh. Aen. pref. 15; [Deus] qui cunctis praemia pensat / seu pia perfectis seu certe saeva profanis Id. VirgV 282; tunc linquente Deo torrentum marmora glauca / ac ripas lustrante piis cum passibus amnis Ib. 427; tacta est repente gravissimo corporis morbo, et per annos novem pia Redemtoris nostri provisione multum fatigata Bede HE IV 9. 3 characterized by loyalty or faithfulness, dutiful, loyal, faithful. b faithful (to ties of friendship, kinship, or association), affectionate, fond, loving; c (transf.). dum maculare student armis pia foedera regni Aldh. Aen. 96 (Elefans) 3; p675 pacem ‥ religionis pia concordia copulat Id. Ep. 4 p. 482; 796 pio pastori condecet magnam commissi sibi gregis curam habere Alcuin Ep. 94; acclamabant pium ‥ laborem residibus ob inscitam juvenculis potissimum profuturum Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 4; 1170 piissimi ‥ officiales domini regis provida nimis cautela et perniciosa nobis circumspectione precaverant J. Sal. Ep. 300 (305 p. 714); judex cum fueris, justus, pius esto, fidelis D. Bec. 1484.  b redi ‥ ad piissimum patrem, qui ‥ occidere consuevit vitulum filio saginatum Gildas EB 29; Johannes ‥ quem Salvator ‥ inter ceteros peculiariter pio dilexit affectu Aldh. VirgP 23 p. 254; a705 sacrosancto abbati Aldhelmo ‥ Aedilwaldus tuae piae paternitatis supplex alumnus ‥ salutem (Æthelwald) Ep. Aldh. 2 (7) p. 495; condolui vobis, et concussa sunt viscera mea pio compassionis affectu P. Blois Ep. 16. 59C; 1287 piam considerantes affectionem quam ‥ habuit ad scolares domus de Balliolo Deeds Balliol 281.  c ut ‥ genetrix ‥ sancta poposcit, / cum pia ‥ pulsaret carta magistrum Aldh. VirgV 2190. 4 kind, compassionate. salutantes illum verbis ‥ piissimis apostoli dicebant ‥ Bede HE IV 14; pieticus: pius, compassivus, propitius, misericors Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 473; mundo mortificatos impietate piissima feliciter exulare compellunt Gir. TH I 12 p. 36; signa ‥ calide mulieris et que libenter coit ‥: ‥ in animo superba, alteri crudelis et non bene pia M. Scot Phys. 4; quam rigidus ad potentes, quam pius ad pauperes, et quam justus ad omnes V. Edm. Rich C 609. 5 (as honorific cognomen of Roman emperor Antoninus). Antoninus Pius regnavit annos xxiij Theod. Laterc. 25. 6 (anat., ~a mater) inner cerebral membrane. W. Cant. Mir. Thom. IV 26, etc. (v. mater 10b). 7 (illustration of compar. & superl. forms). piissimum Gildas EB 29 (v. 3b supra); pientisimus Conc. HS I 164 (v. 1b supra); 679 piissimis (v. 1c supra); pius, -a, -um comparatur magis pius, piissimus; si diceremus pior nimium faceret hyatum et absonum esset Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 424; 1170 piissimi (v. 3a supra); pientissimo André Hen. VII 72 (v. 1c supra); pientiores Bekinsau 741 (v. 1a supra).

1 pĭus, (8) a, um, ¶ 1 qui reconnaît et remplit ses devoirs envers les dieux, les parents, la patrie, etc.; [trad. diverses suivant le contexte] : a) [envers les dieux] pieux, cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 15 ; Rep. 6, 15, etc.; [m. pris subst^t ] pii, les gens pieux, les justes, les bienheureux aux enfers : Cic. Phil. 14, 32 || [choses servant au culte] pieux, sacré : far pium Hor. O. 3, 23, 20, orge sacré, cf. Hor. O. 3, 4, 6, etc. ; pium est immolare... Cic. Rep. 3, 15, cʼest un acte pieux que dʼimmoler...; b) [envers les parents, la patrie, etc.] pieusement affectueux, ayant une tendresse respectueuse, affectionné, dévoué : pius in parentes Cic. Off. 3, 90, ayant de la piété filiale [ou qqf. pius seul Cic. Amer. 66 ] ; pius dolor Cic. Sest. 4, une pieuse douleur [causée par la situation dʼun ami] ; pius metus Ov. M. 11, 389, pieuses alarmes, tendre sollicitude [dʼune épouse] ¶ 2 conforme à la piété [en gén.], juste : pia et æterna pax Cic. Balbo 35, une paix juste et durable ; pia ac justa arma Liv. 30, 31, 4, une guerre pieuse, sainte [fidélité aux serments], et juste [conforme au droit] ¶ 3 [poét.] tendre, bienveillant : pia testa Hor. O. 3, 21, 4, affectueuse amphore.

➳ superl. piissimus critiqué par Cic. Phil. 13, 43, mais plus tard dans Sen. , Tac. , Flor. , Curt.

*pius, a, um. adj. s.
畏神孝親者。良善。仁慈者。

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pius adj.

• with (late) sup.piissimus.—Of character, dutiful, pious, devout, conscientious, religious: ingenium Pamphili, T.: homo: di meliora piis, V.: poëta, Ct.: pio vatis ab ore, O.—Plurm. as subst, the departed, blessed: piorum sedes: arva piorum, O.—Of actions, just, holy, right, pious, religious: bellum, L.: homines inmolare pium esse duxerunt, a religious act: Quosque pium est adhibere deos, O.—As substn.: contra iusque piumque, sacred obligation, O.—Of things, sacred, holy, consecrated: far, H.: pax, under religious sanction: arma, conscientiously taken up, L.—Of natural ties, faithful to kindred, devoted, filial, loving, dutiful: in parentes: Aeneas, the filial, V.: Inpietate pia est, i. e. sacrifices her son to her brother, O.: ‘piissimos’ quaeris, et, quod verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā est, etc.: piissima filia, Ta.: piissimi civium, Cu.—Sacred, prompted by natural affection, loving: seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati, O.: dolor, inspired by friendship: piosque pone metūs, i. e. of your husband, O.—Beloved, dear: testa, H.