retro

rē̆trō, adv. [from re and the pronominal suffix ter, as in citro, ultro, intro, etc.].

• Lit., of place, backwards, back; on the back side, behind.
• • • • a Denoting tendency, direction, with verbs or nouns of motion: multa videbis retro repulsa revorti, Lucr. 2, 130; so very often with redire, regredi, repetere, remittere, respicere, reverti, revocare, etc., v. h. vv., and cf. Drak. ad Liv. 22, 6, 7, and 27, 28, 6: vestigia retro sequor, Verg. A. 2, 753; 9, 392; 11, 405: dare lintea retro, id. ib. 3, 686: ora retro Flectit, Ov. M. 15, 685: retro inhibitā nave, Liv. 30, 10 et saep.: iter mihi retro ad Alpes versus incidit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2; cf.: fugam retro spectante milite, Liv. 8, 19: fugit retro, Hor. C. 2, 11, 5: ne currente retro funis eat rotā, id. ib. 3, 10, 10: meretrix retro Perjura cedit, id. ib. 1, 35, 25: retro properare, Ov. H. 5, 31: unde ad hunc orbem redii, unde retro nemo, Sen. Herc. Oet. 48.—
      • b Denoting rest (rare): est mihi in ultimis conclave aedibus quoddam retro, Ter. Heaut. 902: quid retro atque a tergo fieret, ne laboraret, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49: perculsis nullum retro subsidium foret, Tac. H. 2, 26: retro Marsigni, etc., id. G. 43: MEMORIAM SE VIVA FECIT SIBI ... CVM AEDICVLIS ANTE ET A RETRO, Inscr. Orell. 4512.—
• II Trop.
• • A Of time, back; in time back, in past times, before, formerly: et deinceps retro usque ad Romulum, Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58; cf.: SVPER OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES FORTISSIMO IMP. CAES., etc., Inscr. Orell. 1049; and so, OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES, ib. 1098: quodcumque retro est, is past, Hor. C. 3, 29, 46: praemissa retro nobilitas, Stat. S. 1, 4, 68; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 118 (120): cujus vim si retro quoque velimus custodire (opp. in futurum), id. ib. 10, 115 (116) fin.: meliorum retro principum ( = superiorum), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 34: cum id ab aliis retro factum recordarer, Tert. Uxor. 2, 2: Hebraei retro, qui nunc Judaei, id. Apol. 18.—
  • B In other relations, back, behind, in return, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa: ab imā (voce) ad summam ac retro multi sunt gradus, Quint. 11, 3, 15: ut omnia, quae sine eā (honestate) sint, longe retro ponenda censeat, Cic. Tusc. 5, 31, 87: rursum versus retroque, id. Part. 7, 24; cf.: vide rursus retro, id. Fin. 5, 28, 83: sic omnia fatis In pejus ruere, ac retro sublapsa referri, i. e. against one’s efforts or wish, Verg. G. 1, 200; cf.: retro vivere, Sen. Ep. 122 fin.: si malum perfidia, non est fallendum. Idem retro, Quint. 5, 10, 74: fructus hominis in operis consistit et retro in fructu hominis operae sunt, Dig. 7, 7, 4; cf. ib. 46, 1, 21; 46, 3, 67 et saep. ☞ The words containing retro in composition (except retroversus and retrorsus) are post-Aug.; they are sometimes written separately.

retrō, Adv. u. Praep. (v. re u. dem Pronominalsuffix ter, wie in citro, ultro etc.), rückwärts, I) Adv.: a) eig.: a) auf die Frage wohin? = rückwärts, hinwärts, zurück, hinter, inhibere navem, Liv.: fugere, Hor.: iter mihi necessarium retro ad Alpes usque incĭdit, Cael. in Cic. ep.: dare lintea, zurückschiffen, Verg.: abire, Mela: pretium (agrorum) retro abiit, Plin. ep.: retro ago, s. retro-ago: retro eo, s. retro-eo. – oft (nach unserer Anschauung) pleonastisch bei den mit re zusammengesetzten Verben, zB. r. redire, Liv.: r. remeare, Mela: r. repetere, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 22, 6, 7): r. respicere, Cic.: r. revocare, Liv. – b) auf die Frage wo? = rückwärts, nach hinten, hinten, est mihi in ultimis aedibus conclave retro, Ter.: quid retro atque a tergo fieret, ne laboraret, Cic.: homines duas manticas habere, unam anie se, aliam retro, Porphyr. Hor. sat, 2, 3, 299. – b) übtr.: 1) von der Zeit, rückwärts, zurück, vorher, et deinceps retro usque ad Romulum, Cic.: quodcumque r. est, im Rücken ist, Hor.: retro habeatur ratio, Plin. ep.: attrib., meliores retro (die früheren) principes, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 35, 1: u. so omnes retro principes, Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 2721 u. 6, 1125: stipendia retro debita, rückständige, Lampr. Pertin. 9, 2. – 2) in anderen Verhältnissen, a) übh. zurück, rückwärts, retro ponere, zurücksetzen, hintansetzen, Cic.: pretium r. abiit, hat abgeschlagen, Plin. ep.: quianam sententia vobis versa retro? warum hat sich euer Entschluß gewandt? Verg. Aen. 10, 6: retro vulgus abhorret ab hac, schaudert zurück, Lucr.: qui, ut ita dicam, retro (rückwärts = verkehrt) vivunt, Sen. ep. 122, 18. – b) dagegen, hinwiederum, umgekehrt, Cic., Quint. u. ICt. – c) zurück, wieder, dare, reddere, Marcell. dig. 46, 3, 67. – II) Praep. m. Acc., hinter, quae retro nos sunt, Chalcid. Tim. 239; vgl. Ludwig in Wölfflins Archiv 8, 296.

retro [CL] 1 (as adv.) toward the rear, backwards; b (as direction of flight or retreat). c in the opposite direction; d (in reckoning of time). sunt enim integris corporibus sed plantae ~o curvatae officia capitis contraria videntur Lib. Monstr. I 29; c780 cave diligentissime ne qua te, aratrum Domini tenentem, injustitia ~o revocet Alcuin Ep. 1; c1106 ~o autem monachus respicit, cum ea saepe recolit quae deseruit Anselm (Ep. 418) V 364; habent ‥ corpora ‥ moveri ‥ dextrorsum et sinistrorsum et ante et ~o ex aere et aqua Adel. QN 13; tanquam capite percussus ~o cecidit Gir. TH I 31.  b Anglorum populus, numero superante, repellit / hostes, vique retro compulit ora dari G. Amiens Hast. 442.  c terga retro faciunt; vultus vertuntur in hostes G. Amiens Hast. 461; missam matutinalem celebrantur, ante et ~o facient, et se induere pergant Lanfr. Const. 87.  d ~o calculatis quinque diebus ab illo die quo missa S. Bartholomaei celebrari solet Felix Guthl. 47. 2 (without motion implied) in a position to the rear, behind, (naut.) abaft; b (w. ref. to position for sexual intercourse). c (fig.) behind someone's back. apparuit ~o via qua veneram Bede HE V 12 p. 306; 799 pallio sanctitatis vestieris et videas sanctae crucis signum sive ante sive ~o in eo fixum Alcuin Ep. 173; victor honore potens victor in arce nitens / ante retroque micans habitu venerandus et actu Wulf. Swith. pref. 215; pedites cum arcubus et sagittis primam frontem muniunt, equites ~o divisis alis consistunt W. Malm. GR III 242; aliis ante, aliis ~o confligentibus Gir. EH I 21; 1290 rex capiat ‥ prisas suas ‥ de qualibet nave vini duo dolia ante et ~o electa RParl I 27a; 1430 a via regia ante usque ad le heddyke episcopi ~o Feod. Durh. 6; clipeo defendit et ense, ante retroque ferit (Vers. Corpus) Hist. Chess 519.  b si vir cum uxore sua ~o nupserit, xl dies penitet primo Theod. Pen. I 14. 21; nubisti cum uxore tuo ~o vel cum ancilla, dies lx Bonif. Pen. 431.  c s1137 rex ‥ coram pulchre jocundeque comitem appellans, ~o maledicis verbis mordebat et quibus poterat possessionibus vellicabat W. Malm. HN 466 p. 21. 3 to the place or in the direction from which one came, back (again). b back (to restore an earlier state of affairs). sedem repente judiciariae discretionis ~o redituri Bede Sam. 528; c1093 toto corde ~o abire horreas Anselm (Ep. 169) IV 50; fere centum milia Christianorum evaserunt, quorum quidam ~o per Illyricum conversi sunt Ord. Vit. X 20 p. 129; nec verti retro queant sed directe properent (Vers. Wint.) Hist. Chess 515; 1167 pro portandis armis coterellorum de mari ad Cantuar’ et ~o xviij d. Pipe 197; milites ‥ perterriti ~o discesserunt (Ciaranus de Saigir 19) VSH I 226.  b c1165 vendidi Tome de S. ‥ terram ‥ usque in duos annos et dimidium ‥ si ego vel ‥ frater meus ‥ possumus emere terram illam ~o ad terminum predictum ‥ dabimus ‥ Tome ‥ xvj marcas FormA 296; sui autem proprii vigoris nichil ~o laxavit (Fintanus 5) VSH II 98. 4 in or from the past, formerly. b ago; c (w. tempore or temporibus). d (earlier in text) above. copiis insula affluebat, ut nulla habere tales ~o aetas meminisset Gildas EB 21; sapientissimus cunctorum ~o regum Aldh. Met. 7 p. 77; 1100 sicut emendasset ~o a tempore patris mei in tempore aliorum antecessorum meorum (Ch. Regis) GAS 522; multis ~o seculis Gir. TH I 12; si bene memini ~o E. Thrip. SS IV 3; Diocletianus ‥ primus gemmas vestibus ‥ inseri jussit, omnes enim ~o principes sola purpura usi sunt Eul. Hist. I 335.  b mulier quaedam ‥ cum ab octo ~o annis viro fuit copulata Mir. Fridesw. 35.  c virgo ‥ etate quidem adulta, sed a multis ~o temporibus paralitica Mir. Fridesw. 18; 1266 contencionibus et controversiis longissimis ~o temporibus habitis Cart. Glast. I 100; 1274 sicut ~o temporibus habere consueverunt Hund. II 100.  d ipse episcopus tenet Licefelle, et jam ~o descripta est DB I 247rb; nunc de Johanne de quo jam ~o parum tetigi Ord. Vit. V 18 p. 437; ut ~o promisimus Thurkill Abac. f. 60r. 5 behind (in payment), in arrears; b (a ~o, cf. aretro). quinque virgae sunt ~o quia una hida est in rapo comitis de Moritonio DB I 20ra; reddatur pecunia elemosine hinc ad festum sancti Michaelis, si alicubi ~o sit, per plenam witam (Quad.) GAS 261; 1220 domino legato de vicesima nostra clxxiiij li. x s. iiij d., preter vicesimam de elemosinario, sc. viij li. xij s. viij d., preter vicesimam de corona, sc. iiij li. xvij s., et sunt ~o de tota vicesima xij li. DCCant. Ac. Thes. I f. 64b.  b quod aliquid ei de servicio suo a ~o sit Glanv. IX 1 p. 105. 6 again, in the future, later, afterward. quin addit et poenam novam / ‥ / nec fando conpertam retro [gl: bæftan] GlP 766; agayn, ~o CathA. 7 (as prep. w. acc. or abl.) behind, (naut.) abaft. jacebat ‥ puer ~o chorum W. Malm. GP V 269; 1184 sicut duo rivuli descendunt de mussa que est ~o Tockesheved Regesta Scot. 252; invenit ~o sanctuarium in leviciana quatuor fratres (Molua 37) VSH II 219; antiqua prisa nostri vini, unius viz. tonelli ante malum et alterius ~o malo Leg. Ant. Lond. 103; sepultus est ~o [ME: behyndyn] altare in quadam tumba Itin. Mand. 16; 1430 pro j roda terre jacente ~o gardina Feod. Durh. 88; prisa vini viz. unius dolii ante malum et alterius ~o malum MGL I 138. 8 against, or behind the back of. p1249 si aliquis faciat conspirationem aliquam ~o communitatem ad eam separandam vel spergendam Gild Merch. I 235.

retrō, (9)

I adv., ¶ 1 par derrière, derrière, [avec ou sans idée de mouv^t ] : [rētrō ] Lucr. 2, 130 ; Virg. En. 2, 753 ; 9, 392 ; ingredi retro Cic. Fin. 5, 35, marcher à reculons, cf. Liv. 22, 6, 7, etc. ; agere Sen. Ira 1, 17, 3, faire reculer || quid retro atque a tergo fieret, laborare Cic. Div. 1, 49, sʼinquiéter de ce qui se passait par derrière et sur ses pas, cf. Tac. H. 2, 26 ¶ 2 [fig.] a) en reculant, en remontant dans le passé : Cic. Rep. 1, 58 ; quodcumque retro est Hor. O. 3, 29, 46, tout ce qui est derrière nous, le passé ; [décad.] retro principes Lampr. Al. Sev. 34, les princes antérieurs ; stipendia retro debita Capit. Pert. 9, 2, arriérés de solde ; b) en arrière : ponere Cic. Tusc. 5, 87, placer en arrière, rejeter, dédaigner || en sens contraire : quasi retro et contra Cic. Part. 46, par une sorte de marche en arrière et en sens contraire ; vide rursus retro Cic. Fin. 5, 83, vois aussi la réciproque ; retro vivere Sen. Ep. 122, 18, vivre au rebours des autres || en retour ; retro dare, reddere Marcell. Dig. 46, 3, 67, donner en retour, rembourser.

II prép. acc. [décad.], derrière : Apul. M. 6, 8 ; Chalc. Tim. 239 ; Vulg.

retro . adj.
往後。向日。

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retrō adv.

• —Of motion, backward, back, to the rear: vestigia sequor, V.: ora Flectit, O.: inhibitā nave, L.: fugam retro spectante milite, L.: fugit, H.: meretrix retro Periura cedit, H.: properare, O.—Of rest, behind, on the back side, in the rear: ultimis conclave in aedibus, T.: quid retro atque a tergo fieret, ne laboraret: retro Marsigni, etc., Ta.—Fig., in time, back, in time back, in past times, before, formerly: deinceps retro usque ad Romulum: Quodcumque retro est, is past, H.—In thought, back, behind, in return, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa: ut omnia, quae sine eā (honestate) sint, longe retro ponenda censeat: vide rursus retro: omnia fatis In peius ruere, ac retro sublapsa referri, i. e. against one's wish, V.