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ἄρκτος

ἄρκτος, a bear, the constellation Ursa maior, the north

ἄρκτος, ἡ,
  • bear, esp. Ursus arctos, brown bear, Od. 11.611, h.Merc. 223, h.Ven. 159, Hdt. 4.191, etc.: the instances of the masc. are dub. (Arist. Col. 798a26 is inconclusive), the fem. being used even when both sexes are included, Id. HA 539b33.
      • 2 Ἄρκτος, ἡ, the constellation Ursa Major, Ἄρκτον θʼ, ἣν καὶ Ἄμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν Il. 18.487, Od. 5.273, cf. Heraclit. 120, E. Ion 1154, etc.; τὰ ὑπὸ τὴν Ἄ. ἀοίκητα Hdt. 5.10; Ἄρκτου στροφάδες κέλευθοι S. Tr. 131 (lyr.); Ἄρκτου στροφάς τε καὶ Κυνὸς ψυχρὰν δύσιν Id. Fr. 432.11: in pl., the Greater and Lesser Bears, Arat. 27; Ἄ. μικρά, μεγάλη, Str. 2.5.35, 36, cf. Cic. ND 2.41.105.
      • 3 the north, πρὸς ἄρκτον τετραμμένος Hdt. 1.148, cf. E. El. 733 (lyr.), Aeschin. 3.165, etc.; ἀπὸ ἄ. IG 5(2).444.11 (Megalopolis), al.: pl., Hp. Aër. 5 and 19, Pl. Criti. 118b, etc.
        • b ἡ ἑτέρα ἄ. the south pole, Arist. Mete. 362a32.
    • II ἄρκτος, ἡ, at Athens a girl appointed to the service of Artemis Brauronia or Ἀρχηγέτις, E. Hyps.Fr. 57, Ar. Lys. 645.
    • III a kind of crab, prob. Scyllarus arctus, Arist. HA 549b23, cf. Speus. ap. Ath. 3.105b, Mnesim. 4.45, Archestr. Fr. 56.
    • IV ἄρκτου δένδρον, = ἀκτῆ, Ps.-Dsc. 4.173. (Cf. Skt. ṛkṣas, Lat. ursus, etc.)

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