Diana
Diana, the goddess of light and of the moon
- orig. an Italian divinity, afterwards regarded as identical with the Gr. Ἄρτεμις, the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, the sister of Apollo, the virgin moon-goddess (Luna), the patroness of virginity, and the presider over child-birth (in this character she is called Lucina), the chase, and nocturnal incantations (on this account her statues were three-formed, and set up in the trivia), Cic. N. D. 2, 27; 3, 23; Catull. 34; Hor. Od. 3, 22; id. Carm. Sec. 1; 70; Tib. 4, 3, 19; Ov. F. 2, 155; Verg. A. 4, 511 et passim: quem urguet iracunda Diana, of an epileptic, Hor. A. P. 453.—
- B Meton.
- 1 The moon: nocturnae forma, Ov. M. 15, 196 (cf.: reparabat cornua Phoebe, id. ib. 1, 11).—
- 2 The chase, Mart. Spect. 12 (cf. Verg. A. 11, 582).—
- II Derivv.
- A Dĭānĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana: turba, i. e. dogs, Ov. F. 5, 141; cf. arma, i. e. hunting equipments, Grat. Cyneg. 253.—
- b Subst., Diānium, ii, n.
- α A place or temple sacred to Diana, Liv. 1, 48; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 74, 12 Müll.—
- β A promontory in Spain, now Denia, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34 Zumpt N. cr.; cf. Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 76.—
- B Dĭānārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diana: radix, i. q. artemisia, the plant mug-wort or artemisia, Veg. A. V. 3, 6, 7; 5, 32, 4.—
- C Dĭānātĭcus, i, m., a devotee of Diana, Maxim. Taur. ap. Murat. Anecd. Lat. 4, p. 100.
➳ anc. form. Jana Varro R. 1, 37, 3 || Deana CIL 14, 2212.
- 1. jacht-, maan- en geboortegodin, gelijkgesteld aan de Griekse godin Artemis, dochter v. Jupiter en Latona; — adj. Diānius, a, um [turba jachthonden v. Diana]; subst. Diānium, ī n tempel v. Diana;
- 2. (meton.) (a) jacht; (b) maan.
Dæmonium, quod rustici Dianum vocant.Cum Diana equitare, sortilegii species. Fragmenta Capitul. edita a Steph. Baluzio cap. 13 :
Illud etiam non omittendum, quod quædam sceleratæ mulieres retro post sathanam conversæ dæmonum illusionibus et phantasmatibus seductæ, credunt se et profitentur nocturnis horis cum Diana paganorum dea et innumera multitudine mulierum equitare super quasdam bestias, et multa terrarum spatia intempestæ noctis silentio pertransire, ejusque jussionibus velut dominæ obedire, etc.Adde Capitula Herardi Episcopi Turon. cap. 3.
Nulla mulier se nocturnis equitare cum Diana dea paganorum, vel cum Herodiade seu Benzozia et innumera mulierum multitudine profiteatur ; hæc enim dæmoniaca est illusio.Eadem habent Patres Concilii Trevir. ann. 1310. apud Marten. tom. 4. Anecd. col. 257. ex quibus conjecto hanc muliercularum delirationem non multum absimilem fuisse nocturnis illis conventibus, quos
Quale est,. Vide Dusis Fada,inquit , quod Nocticulam(lege quamdam vel Herodiadem, vel præsidem noctis dominam concilia et conventus de nocte asserunt convocare, varia celebrari convivia, ministeriorum species diversis occupationibus exerceri, et nunc istos ad pœnam trahi pro meritis, nunc illos ad gloriam sublimariNoctilucam)
Bensozia, Abundia, et Grimm. Mythol. German. pag. 174. sqq.
Divinationibus et sortilegiis se immiscuerunt perperam, Dianis nonnunquam utentes.Acta S. Jacobi Mevan. tom. 4. Aug. pag. 730. col. 1 :
ImpugnavitEjusdem delirationis meminit eamque graphice describit, nisi quod Dianæ Habundam substituit. MS. :(Jacobus) errorem earum mulierum, quæ vadunt ad cursum cum Diana.
Et les cinq sens ainssi deçoivent Par les fantosmes qu'ils recoivent, Dont maintes gens par leur folies Quident estre par nuit estries, Errans avecque dame Habonde. Et dient que par tout le monde Le tiers enffant de nascion Sont de ceste condicion ; Qu'ils vont trois fois en la semaine Si con destinée les mainne, Et par tous ces ostiex se boutent, Ne clos, ne barres ne redoutent,
Infra :Ains s'en entrent par les fendaces, Par charnieres et par crevaces, Et se partent des cors les ames, Et vont avec les bonnes dames Par liex forains et par maisons.
Vide Hera 2. et infra Holda.D'autre part que li tiers du monde Aille ainssint avec dame Habonde, Si com foles vielles le preuvent Par les visions qu'ils y treuvent.
- for * Dīvāna, the goddess of light and of the moon(identified with Αρτεμις): ad Dianae venire (sc. templum), T., C., V., H., O.: quem urguet iracunda Diana (i. e. an epileptic), H.—The moon: nocturnae forma Dianae, O.
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…inque patris blandis haerens cervice lacertis da mihi perpetua, genitor carissime, dixit virginitate frui dedit hoc pater ante Dianae. Ille quidem obsequitur, sed te decor iste quod optas esse vetat. Votoque tuo tua forma repugnat Phoebus…
Ovid, Metamorphoses
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…sequentes et quoscumque deos umbrosaque silva feraxque rus habet. Ortygiam studiis ipsaque colebat virginitate deam. Ritu quoque cincta Dianae falleret et posset credi Latonia, si non corneus huic arcus, si non foret aureus illi. Sic quoque…
Ovid, Metamorphoses
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…post diebus Alexander est mortuus. discedo parumper a somniis, ad quae mox revertar. qua nocte templum Ephesiae Dianae deflagravit, eadem constat ex Olympiade natum esse Alexandrum, atque, ubi lucere coepisset, clamitasse magos pestem ac…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Divinatione
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…taedis, num dubitas quin sibi haec videre videatur itemque cetera intendit crinitus Apollo arcum auratum, luna innixus, Diana facem iacit a laeva qui magis haec crederet si essent quam credebat quia videbantur ; apparet enim iam cor cum…
M. Tullius Cicero, Lucullus
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…, cum idem monumentum et domesticae crudelitatis et nostrae mansuetudinis haberent. illo tempore Segestanis maxima cum cura haec ipsa Diana, de qua dicimus, redditur ; reportatur Segestam ; in suis antiquis sedibus summa cum gratulatione civium et laetitia…
Cicero, in Verrem
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…obscuratis omnibus solus apparet, luna a lucendo nominata sit ; eadem est enim Lucina, itaque ut apud Graecos Dianam eamque Luciferam sic apud nostros Iunonem Lucinam in pariendo invocant. quae eadem Diana Omnivaga dicitur non a venando sed…
M. Tullius Cicero, de Natura Deorum
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…exponenda narratio, quae plus dignitatis desiderat quam doloris, ut in quarto accusationis de Hennensi Cerere, de Segestana Diana, de Syracusarum situ diximus. Saepe etiam in amplificanda re concessu omnium funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio. Id…
M. Tullius Cicero, Orator
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…Pallantis, quae patrem dicitur interemisse virginitatem suam violare conantem, cui pinnarum talaria adfigunt. Cupido primus Mercurio et Diana prima natus dicitur, secundus Mercurio et Venere secunda, tertius qui idem est Anteros Marte et Venere tertia .…
M. Tullius Cicero, de Natura Deorum
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…quod hominibus ad suas res repetendas est constitutum. miramur Athenis Minervam, Deli Apollinem, Iunonem Sami, Pergae Dianam, multos praeterea ab isto deos tota Asia Graeciaque violatos, qui a Capitolio manus abstinere non potuerit quod privati…
Cicero, in Verrem
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…in intimis suis aedibus posuit, ut etiam illum ipsum suo artificio superasse videatur. Pergae fanum antiquissimum et sanctissimum Dianae scimus esse id quoque a te nudatum ac spoliatum esse, ex ipsa Diana quod habebat auri detractum atque ablatum…
Cicero, in Verrem
DIA´NAan island off the coast of Spain, mentioned in the Maritime Itinerary ( Itin. Ant. p. 510), where, however, the text is confused. If the name be genuine, it may be identified with the small island off the Pr. Dianium, which Strabo mentions, but without naming it. (Strab. 3. p. 159.)
[P.S](from the root of dies). An ancient Italian deity, whose name is the feminine counterpart of Ianus (originally Dianus). She was the goddess of the moon; of the open air and open country with its mountains, forests, springs, and brooks; of the chase; and of childbirth, since the moon was believed to foster growth (Cic. N. D. ii. 19). In the latter capacity she, like Iuno, bore the second title of Lucina. Thus her attributes were akin to those of the Greek Artemis, and in the course of time she was completely identified with her and with Hecaté, who resembled her. The most celebrated shrine of Diana was at Aricia (q.v.), in a grove (nemus), from which she was sometimes simply called Nemorensis (Plin. H. N. xix.<*> Plin. H. N., 33). This was on the banks of the modern lake of Nemi, which was styled the mirror of Diana. Here a male deity named Virbius (Ovid, Fast. vi. 756) was worshipped with her, a god of the forest and the chase. He was in later times identified with Hippolytus, the risen favourite of Artemis, and the oldest priest of the sanctuary (Rex Nemorensis, Calig. 35).
He was said to have originated the custom of giving the priest's office to a runaway slave, who broke off a branch from a particular tree in the precincts and slew his predecessor in office in single combat. In consequence of this murderous custom the Greeks compared Diana of Aricia with the Tauric Artemis, and a fable arose that Orestes had brought the image of that goddess into the grove. Diana was chiefly worshipped by women, who prayed to her for happiness in marriage or childbirth. The most important temple of Diana at Rome was on the Aventine, founded by Servius Tullius as the sanctuary of the Latin confederacy. On the day of its foundation (August 13) the slaves had a holiday. This Diana was completely identified with the sister of Apollo, and worshipped simply as Artemis at the Secular Games. (See ludi.) A sign of the original difference, however, remained. Cows were offered to the Diana of the Aventine, and her temple adorned with cows', not with stags', horns, but it was the doe which was sacred to Artemis. See Artemis.