Saturnus

Sāturnus, ī, m.: a deified king of Latium, whose reign was the “golden age"; identified by the Romans with the Greek Cronos, 8.319, et al.

Sāturnus (old collat. form Sāteur-nus, Fest. pp. 323 and 325 Müll., and SAETVRNVS, on a vase; v. Ritschl, de Fictil. Litteratis, and Schweizer, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachf. 4, p. 65 sq.), i, m. [1. sero; ab satu est dictus Saturnus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.],

• Saturn; according to the myth, the most ancient king of Latium, who came to Italy in the reign of Janus; afterwards honored as the god of agriculture and of civilization in general; hence early identified with the Κρόνος of the Greeks: qui terram colerent, eos solos reliquos esse ex stirpe Saturni regis, Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5: principes (dei) in Latio Saturnus et Ops, id. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.: primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari Maluit, etc., Verg. A. 8, 319 sq.; Ov. F. 1, 193; 1, 235 sq.; 6, 29 sq.; Tib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 5, 9 et saep.—As the god of time, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64; Lact. 1, 12, 9.—As the sun-god of the Phoenicians, = Baal, Curt. 4, 3, 15: Saturni sacra dies, i. e. Saturday, Tib. 1, 3, 18: Saturni Stella, the planet Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; 2, 46, 119; id. Div. 1, 39, 85.—As subst.: Sāturnus, i, m., the planet Saturn, Hor. C. 2, 17, 23.—Hence,
• • A Sāturnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian: stella, i. e. the planet Saturn, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17: mons, an ancient name of the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll., and Fest. p. 322 ib.: terra, i. e. Latium, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 ib. (Ann. v. 25 Vahl.); Ov. F. 5, 625; also, tellus, Verg. A. 8, 329; and arva, id. ib. 1, 569; in a wider sense: tellus, for Italy, id. G. 2, 173: regna, i. e. the golden age, id. E. 4, 6: proles, i. e. Picus, a son of Saturn, Ov. M. 14, 320: gens, i. e. the Italians, id. F. 1, 237: Juno, as daughter of Saturn, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 Vahl.); Verg. A. 12, 156; Ov. M. 4, 447: Juppiter, id. ib. 9, 242; also pater (sc. Superum), Verg. A. 4, 372; Ov. M. 1, 163: domitor maris, i. e. Neptune, Verg. A. 5, 799: virgo, i. e. Vesta, Ov. F. 6, 383: versus, the Saturnian verse, the oldest kind of metre among the Romans, in use down to the time of Ennius, Fest. s. v. Saturnus, p. 325 Müll.; cf. of the same, numerus, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 158: carmen, Ter. Maur. p. 2439: metrum, Diom. p. 512; v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. III. 9, and Bernhardy, Röm. Lit. p. 70 sq.—
  • • 2 Substt.
    • • a Sāturnĭus, ii, m.
      • • α Jupiter, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1113 P. (Ann. v. 444 Vahl.); Ov. M. 8, 703; Claud. Gigant. 16.—
        • β Pluto, Ov. M. 5, 420.—
        • γ Sātur-nĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the old town of Saturnia, on the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Fest. p. 325 Müll.—
      • b Sāturnĭa, ae, f.
      • • α Juno, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 483 Vahl.); Verg. A. 1, 23; Ov. F. 1, 265; 2, 191; 5, 235; id. M. 1, 612 et saep. —
        • β The town built by Saturn on the Capitoline Hill, the fabled beginning of Rome, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 8, 358; Ov. F. 6, 31; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68; Fest. p. 322 Müll.—
  • B Sāturnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian; as an adj. only with festum, = Saturnalia.—
  • • 2 Subst.: Sāturnālĭa, iōrum, ibus (cf. on the gen.: certum est licito et Saturnalium et Saturnaliorum dici, Macr. S. 1, 4; Ruddim. 1, p. 97; v. also Bacchanalia, Compitalia, Vinalia, and the like), a general festival in honor of Saturn, beginning on the 17th of December and lasting several days; the Saturnalia, Macr. S. 1, 7 sq.; Liv. 2, 21 sq.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 22 Müll.; Fest. s. v. ferias, p. 86 ib.; Cato R. R. 57, 2; Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.; Cat. 14, 15; Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5; id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 22, 1 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 3, 5 et saep.: prima, i. e. the first day of the Saturnalia, Liv. 30, 36 Drak. N. cr.: secunda, tertia, the second, third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.—Transf.: vestra Saturnalia, said of the feriae matronales, as the festival of the women, Mart. 5, 84, 11.— Prov.: non semper Saturnalia erunt, every day cannot be a holiday, Sen. Apoc. 12, § 2. —Hence,
    • • b Sāturnālĭcĭus or -tĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Saturnalia, Saturnalian (post-Aug.): tributum, i.e. a present given on the Saturnalia, Mart. 10, 17, 1: nuces, id. 5, 30, 8; 7, 91, 2: versus, id. 5, 19, 11.—
  • C Sāturnĭăcus, a, um, adj., of Saturn (late Lat.), Aug. c. Faust. 20, 13.

Sāturnus, ī, m. (2. sero), I) ein einheimischer Gott der Latiner, der als Gott der Anpflanzung (a satu od. satione frugum) verehrt wurde u. die Ops (Erdgöttin) zur Gemahlin hatte. Später wurde er mit dem griechischen Kronos identifiziert u. vereinigte dessen Fabeln in sich; dah. ist er Vater des Jupiter, Pluto, Neptun, der Juno, Ceres, des Pikus usw.: unter seiner Regierung soll das goldene Zeitalter gewesen sein, Varro r. r. 3, 1, 5. Aur. Vict. orig. 1. § 1 u. 3. § 1 sqq. Macr. sat. 1, 7. § 14 sqq. Verg. Aen. 8, 319 sq. Ov. fast. 1, 235 u.a.: als Gott der Zeit, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 64. Lact. 1, 12, 9. – In seinem Tempel zu Rom, am Fuße des Kapitols, war das aerarium (w. vgl.), in dem der öffentl. Schatz, das Staatsarchiv und die signa militaria aufbewahrt wurden, Macr. sat. 1, 8, 3. Suet. Claud. 24, 2. Plin. ep. 10, 3 (20), 1: Saturni aerarium, Solin. 1, 12. – Saturni sacra dies, der Samstag, Sonnabend, Tibull. 1, 3, 18. – Saturni stella, der Planet Saturn, Cic. de div. 1, 85 u.a.: ders. auch bl. Saturnus, Hor. carm. 2, 17, 23. – II) übtr., der Sonnengott der Phönizier u. ihrer Stammverwandten, der Baal, Moloch, Curt. 4, 3 (15), 23. – Dav.

A) Sāturnālis, e, zu Saturnus gehörig, saturnalisch, festum, die Saturnalien (s. imfolg.), Macr. sat. 1, 2, 15. – Gew. u. klass. nur subst., Sāturnālia, iōrum, ibus, n. (wegen des Genet. s. bēs. Macr. sat. 1, 4, 5 sqq.), das Saturnusfest, die Saturnalien, ein vom 17. Dezember an gefeiertes allgemeines Freudenfest zum Andenken an die glückliche Regierung des Saturnus in Latium, an dem man einander Geschenke schickte, die Sklaven bei Tische von ihren Herren bedient wurden u. jedermann an Essen u. Trinken, öffentlichen Schauspielen u. dgl. sich ergötzte (s. bēs. Fest. 325 [a], 6. Macr. sat. 1, 7, 18 sqq. Liv. 2, 21, 2. Varro LL. 6, 22), Cato r. r. 57, 2. Cic. ad Att. 5, 20, 1: io Saturnalia (heisa! juchheia, dudeldumdei!), rogo, mensis December est? Petron. 58, 2. – Das Fest dauerte mehrere Tage, wovon der erste hieß Saturnalia prima, Liv. 30, 36, 8: der zweite Saturnalia secunda, Cic. ad. Att. 13, 52, 1. Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 2079 (Act. Arv. a. 119): der dritte Saturnalia tertia, Cic. ad Att. 5, 20, 5. – übtr., vestra Saturnalia, v. den feriae Matronales, weil an diesem Festtage die Hausfrauen u. Geliebten Geschenke erhielten u. die Frauen ihre Sklavinnen bewirteten (vgl. unter matronalis), Mart. 5, 84, 11. – Sprichw., non semper Saturnalia erunt, es ist nicht alle Tage Kirchweih, Freudentage dauern nicht ewig (man muß sich in sein Unglück fügen), Sen. apoc. 12, 2. – u. dav. Sāturnālicius, a, um, zum Saturnusfeste gehörig, tributum, das an diesem Feste geschickte Geschenk, Mart.: so auch nuces, versus, Mart.: und neutr. pl. subst., Saturnālia (sc. dona), Spart. Hadr. 17, 3. – B) Sāturnius, a, um, zu Saturnus gehörig, saturnisch, stella, Planet Saturnus, Cic.: sidera = Capricornus, Val. Flacc.: regna, das goldene Zeitalter, als Saturnus regierte, Verg.: arva od. tellus, Italien, weil Saturnus da regiert hat, Verg.: gens, die Italer, Ov.: mons, alter Name des kapitolinischen Berges, Varro LL., Solin. u. Iustin.: numerus, die alte italische (rauhe) Dichtkunst, Hor.: falx, des Saturnus, mit der er abgebildet wird, Ov.: Saturnius pater, v. Jupiter, Verg.: domitor maris, v. Neptun, Verg.: Iuno, Tochter des Saturnus, Verg.: virgo, Vesta, Tochter (nach anderen Mutter) des Saturnus, Ov.: proles, Sohn des Saturnus, von Pikus, Ov.: versus, der saturnische Vers, Fest. 325 (a), 12. Ter. Maur. 2502: u. so metrum, Diom. 512, 18. – subst., a) Sāturnius, iī, m., α) = Jupiter, Ov. u. Claud. – β) = Pluto, Ov. – b) Sāturnia, ae, f., α) = Juno, Verg. u. Ov. – β) die uralte Stadt des Saturnus auf dem kapitolinischen Berge, der sagenhafte Uranfang Roms, Verg. u.a.

Saturnus [CL] 1 Saturn, Italian god commonly identified with Kronos. non nos Saturni genuit spurcissima proles / Jupiter Aldh. Aen. 79 (Sol et Luna) 1; in regno celi ~us, quia major erat natu fratribus suis, ut heres patri successit. prius ipse dictus est Cronicus a ‘Cronos’ quod est ‘tempus’ Natura Deorum 5; ~us a filio suo ementulatus a celo fugiens venit in Italiam Ib. 14. 2 the planet Saturn; b (w. ref. to its supposed effects). ~us eo tardior caeteris planetis quo et superior incedit Bede TR 8 p. 196; ~i ‥ signa viij ‥ ; Martis ‥ signa iv Adel. Elk. 18; Cinthia, Mercurius, Venus et Sol, Mars, Jovis astrum, / Saturnus, circlos sic habuere suos Garl. Tri. Eccl. 65; semidiameter ‥ celi stellati est longitudo longior orbis ~i Bacon Maj. I 227.  b Jupiter frigore ~i ‥ temperatur Bede TR 8 p. 196; ~us, quia frigidus est et senex, gravis est et nocivus et de natura malitiam, morositatem contrahit ab etate J. Sal. Pol. 440D; D. Morley 243 (v. Saturninus 1); ~us ‥ in suo dominabatur domicilio, qui est omnium planetarum tristissimus M. Par. Maj. V 537; ~us est frigidus virtualiter et ‥ non potest esse calidus formaliter Duns Ord. III 306; hic ~us, a pestlens planyt WW. 3 (dies ~i) Saturday. 1584 ante septimam horam ‥ diei ~i StatOx 436. 4 (alch.) lead. c1270 plumbum dicitur ~us Bacon Tert. sup. 83; antiqui metalla nominibus septem planetarum vocaverunt, ut plumbum ~um Ps.-Gros. Summa 636; quodlibet metallum habet suam planetam. ‥ plumbum filius ~i M. Scot Lumen 240 (v. filius 8b); ~us et Jupiter uno modo calcinantur Ripley 416.

Sāturnus, (10) ī, m. , Saturne [fils dʼUranus et de Vesta, père de Jupiter, de Junon, de Pluton, de Neptune..., régna sur le Latium] : Virg. En. 8, 319 ; Ov. F. 1, 193 || dieu du temps : Cic. Nat. 2, 64 || Saturni dies Tib. 1, 3, 18, le sabbat || Saturne [planète] : Hor. O. 2, 17, 23.

saturnus, i. m.
神名。土星。Saturni hostia 該死之犯人。Saturni dies 禮拜七。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

Sāturnus ī, m

• 1 SA-, Saturn, the ancient Latin god of agriculture and of civilization, identified with the Grecian Kronos, C., V., O., Cu.—The planet Saturn, H.

Saturnus

A mythical king of Italy, to whom was ascribed the introduction of agriculture and the habits of civilized life in general. The name is connected with the verb sero, sup. satum. The Romans invariably identified Saturnus with the Greek Cronos, and hence made the former the father of Iupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Iuno, etc. (see Cronus); but there is, in reality, no resemblance between the attributes of the two deities, except that both were regarded as the most ancient divinities in their respective countries. The resemblance is much stronger between Demeter and Saturn, for all that the Greeks ascribe to their Demeter is ascribed by the Italians to Saturn. Saturnus, then, deriving his name from sowing, is called the introducer of civilization and social order, both of which are inseparably connected with agriculture. His reign is conceived for the same reason to have been the Golden Age of Italy, and more especially of the Aborigines, his subjects (Varro, R. R. iii. 1, 5). As agricultural industry is the source of wealth and plenty, his wife was Ops, the representative of plenty (Varro, L. L. v. 57). By a confusion of Saturn with Cronos and this with the word Χρόνος, he is also spoken of as the god of time (Cic. N. D. ii. 25, 64); and Curtius identifies him with the Sun god of the Phoenicians, i. e. Baal (iv. 3, 15).

The legend ran that the god came to Italy in the reign of Ianus, by whom he was hospitably received, and that he formed a settlement on the Capitoline Hill, which was hence called the Saturnian Hill. At the foot of that hill, on the road leading up to the Capitol, there stood in aftertimes the temple of Saturn. Saturn then taught the people agriculture, suppressed their savage mode of life, and introduced among them civilization and morality. The result was that the whole country was called Saturnia, or the land of plenty. Saturn was suddenly removed from earth to the abodes of the gods, whereupon Ianus erected an altar to him in the Forum. It is further related that Latium received its name (from lateo) from this disappearance of Saturn, who for the same reason was regarded by some as a divinity of the nether world. The statue of Saturnus was hollow and filled with oil, probably to denote the fertility of Latium in olives; in his hand he held a crooked pruning-knife, and his feet were surrounded with a woollen ribbon. In the pediment of the temple of Saturn were seen two figures resembling Tritons with horns, and whose lower extremities grew out of the ground; the temple itself was used as the treasury of the State, and many records also were deposited in it. On the Saturnalia or feast held in honour of Saturn at Rome, see Saturnalia.