Valerius

Vălĕrĭus (old form Vălĕsĭus, acc. to Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 23 Müll.; v. letter R), i, m.; Vălĕrĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens.

• I The favorite of the people, P. Valerius Publicola, Liv. 1, 58; 2, 2; 2, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58: Laevinum, Valerī genus, Hor. S. 1, 6, 12.—
• II The historian, Q. Valerius Antias, Gell. 1, 7, 10.—
• III The poets C. Valerius Flaccus and M. Valerius Martialis, Plin. Ep. 3, 21. —
• IV The writer of Memorabilia, Valerius Maximus, al.—As adjj.
• • • 1 Vălĕrĭus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius: gens, Cic. Fl. 1, 1; 11, 25: lex, of the interrex L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Agr. 3, 2, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 43, 125; of the Consul suffectus, 668 A. U. C., L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Font. 1: tabula, a place in the forum beside the Curia Hostilia (so called from the tablet erected there in memory of M. Valerius Maximus Messala, consul 491 A. U. C., victorious in Gaul, Schol. Bob. ad Cic. Vatin. p. 318 Orell.), Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. Vatin. 9, 21.—
    • 2 Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius, Valerian: praedatores, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 553, 24.

Valerius, a, um (arch. Valesius, Quint. 1, 4, 13), Name einer röm. gens, aus der am bekanntesten P. Valerius Volesus Publicola (Popl.), Gehilfe bei Vertreibung des letzten röm. Königs Tarquinius Superbus, Liv. 1, 58 sq.: dah. Valeri (statt Valerii) genus, Abkömmlinge des V., Hor. sat. 1, 6, 12. – Q. Valerius Antias, ein unzuverlässiger Geschicht- und Chronikenschreiber, um 140 v. Chr., von Livius benutzt, Liv. 3, 5, 12. Gell. 1, 7, 10: auch bl. Antias gen., Plin. 3, 70. Gell. 1, 7, 13. – Valerius Cato, ein Grammatiker zur Zeit Sullas, Suet. gr. 11. – C. Valerius Flaccus, ein Dichter zur Zeit des Kaisers Vespasian, Quint. 10, 1, 90. – P. Valerius Maximus, ein Geschichtschreiber unter Tiberius, der bekannte Verfasser der Memorabilia; vgl. W. Teuffel Gesch. der röm. Liter.⁶ § 279. – M. Valerius Martialis, s. 2. Mārtiālis. – Adi. valerisch, gens, Cic. Flacc. 1 u.a. – tabula, ein (nach der dort aufgestellten Gedächtnistafel des Konsuls M. Val. Messala ben.) Ort am Forum in der Nähe der Curia Hostilia, Standort der Wechslerbuden, Cic. ep. 14, 2, 2 u. Vatin. 21 (und dazu Halm). – lex, s. Orelli Onomast. Tull. 3. p. 288 sqq. – Dav. Valeriānus, a, um, valerianisch, praedatores, Sall. hist. fr. 3, 36 (41). – Plur. subst., Valeriānī, ōrum, m., die Soldaten des Kriegstribunen L. Valerius Publicola (s. Liv. 6, 1, 8), die Valerianer, Liv. 6, 9, 11.

Vălĕrĭus, (8) ĭī, m. , nom de famille rom. ; not^t P. Valérius Volusius Publicola [qui fut associé avec Brutus dans lʼexpulsion des Tarquins] : Cic. Rep. 2, 55 ; Liv. 1, 58, 6 ; 2, 2, 11 || Valerius Antias, Valérius dʼAntium, un des plus anciens historiens latins : Gell. 1, 7, 10 || Valérius Flaccus, poète épique latin || -ānus, a, um, de Valérius : Sall. fr. d. Non. 553, 24 ; Valeriani, m. pl., soldats de Valérius : Liv. 6, 9, 11 || -ĭus, a, um, de Valérius, des Valérius : lex Valeria Cic. Agr. 3, 6, loi Valéria.

valerius, a, um. adj.
姓某者。人名。Valeria aquila 小鳳凰之類。

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Valerius Probus, M.

1. M. Valerius Probus, of Berytus, who having served in the army, and having long applied without success for promotion, at length betook himself, in disgust, to literary pursuits. He belongs to the age of Nero, since he stands last in order in the catalogue of Suetonius, immediately after Q. Remmius Palaemon, who flourished in the reigns of Tiberius, Caius, and Claudius; this is fully confirmed by the notice of Jerome in the Eusebian chronicle under Olympiad CCIX, I. (A. D. 56-7): "Probus Berytius eruditissimus grammaticorumn Romae agnoscitur." Works

Chance led him to study the more ancient writers, and he occupied himself in illustrating (emendare ac distinguere et adnotare curavit) their works. He published a few trifling remarks on some matters of minute controversy (nimis pauca et exigua de quibusdam minutis quaestiunculis edidit), and left behind him a considerable body of observations (silvam) on the earlier forms of the language. Although not in the habit of giving regular instructions to pupils, he had some admirers (sectatores), of whom he would occasionally admit three or four to benefit by his lore. To this Probus we may, with considerable probability, assign those annotations on Terence, from which fragments are quoted in the Scholia on the dramatist. Further Information

Sueton. de illus. Gramm. 24; Schopfen, de Terentio et Donato eius interprete, 8vo. Bonn, 1821, p. 31.)

Valerius Probus

2. Valerius Probus, termed by Macrobius "Vir perfectissimus," flourished some years before A. Gellius, and therefore about the beginning of the second century. He was the author of commentaries on Virgil, and possessed a copy of a portion at least of the Georgics, which had been corrected by the hand of the poet himself. These are the commentaries so frequently cited by Servius ; but the Scholia in Bucolica et Georgica, now extant, under the name of Probus, belong to a much later period. (Gel. 1.15.18, 3.1.5, 9.9.12, 15, 13.20.1, 15.30.5; Macr. 22; Heyne, de antiq. Virgi. interprett. subjoined to his notices "De Virgilii editionibus.")

It must not be concealed, that many plausible reasons, founded upon the notices contained in the Noctes Atticae, may be adduced for believing that the Valerius Probus of Gellius is one and the same person with the Probus Berytius of Suetonius and Hieronymus, for although Gellius, who speaks of having conversed with the pupils and friends of Valerius Probus, did not die before A. D. 180, it is by no means impossible, as far as we know to the contrary, that Probus Berytius might have lived on to the beginning of the second century, although the words of Martial (Mart. 3.2, 12) cannot be admitted as evidence of the fact. This view has been adopted and ably supported by Jahn in the Prolegomena to his edition of Persius, 8vo. Lips. 1843 (p. cccxxxvi. &c.). The chief difficulty, however, after all, arises from the chronology. Probus of Berytus is represented by Suetonius as having lony sought the post of a centurion, and as having not applied himself to literature until he had lost all hopes of success; hence he must have been well advanced in life before he commenced his studies, and consequently, in all probability, must have been an old man in A. D. 57, when he was recognised at Rome as the most learned of grammarians. Moreover, a scholar who in the age of Nero undertook to illustrate Virgil, could scarcely with propriety have been represented as devoting himself to the ancient writers, who had fallen into neglect and almost into oblivion, for such is the meaning we should naturally attach to the words of Suetonius. Works ascribed to Probus 3. The Life of Persius

The life of Persius, commonly ascribed to Suetonius, is found in many of the best MSS. of the Satirist with the title Vita A. Persii Flacci de Cormmentario Probi Valerii sublata. Now since this biography bears evident marks of having been composed by some one who lived at a period not very distant from the events which he relates, we may fairly ascribe it to the commentator on Virgil. 4. Scholia on Juvenal

The name of the ancient scholiast on Juvenal was, according to Valla, by whom he was first published, Probus Grammaticus. Bibliography

See In D. Junii Juv. Satt. Comment. vetusti post Pothoei Curas, ed. D. A. G. Cramer, 8vo. Hamb. 1823, p. 5. 5. M. Valerii Probi Grammaticae Institutiones,

In the Grammaticae Latinae auctores antiqui, 4to. Hannov. 1605, p. 1386-1494, we find a work upon grammar, in two books, entitled M. Valerii Probi Grammaticae Institutiones, with a preface in verse, addressed to a certain Coelestinus. The first book treats briefly of letters, syllables, the parts of speech and the principles of prosody. The second book, termed Catholica, comprises general rules for the declension of nouns and verbs, with a few remarks on the arrangement of words and examples of the different species of metrical feet, corresponding throughout so closely with the treatise of M. Claudius Sacerdos [see Plotius Marius], that it is evident that one of these writers must have copied from the other, or that both must have derived their materials from a common source. The text of this Probus has lately received important improvements from a collation of the Codex Bobiensis, now at Vienna, and appears under its best form in the Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum of Lindemann, 4to. Lips. 1831, vol. i. pp. 39-148. The lines to Coelestinus are included in the Anthol. Lat. of Burmann, vol. i. addend. p. 739, or No. 205, ed. Meyer. 6. M. Valerii Probi Grammatici de Notis Romanorum Interpretandis Libellus,

In the same collection by Putschius, p. 1496-1541, is contained M. Valerii Probi Grammatici de Notis Romanorum Interpretandis Libellus, an explanation of the abbreviations employed in inscriptions and writings of various kinds. 7. Valerii Probi de Nomine.

Endlicher, in his Analecta Grammatica, has published, from a Codex Bobiensis, now at Vienna, a fragment Valerii Probi de Nomine.

It is not unlikely that the same individual may be the author of the three pieces last named, but this is a point on which it is vain to speak with confidence. Bibliography

Osann, Beitriäge zur Griechisch. und Romisch. Literatur Geschichte, ii. p. 283; Jahn, l.c. ; Suringar, Historia Critica Scholiast. Lat. [W.R]

Vale'rius

Οὐαλλέριος, artists.

1. Of Ostia. The architect of the covered theatre erected at Rome for the games of Libo. (Plin. Nat. 36.15. s. 24.) Pliny does not say which Libo he refers to; but it is likely to have been L. Scribonius Libo, who in his curule aedileship, with his colleague C. Atilius Serranus, first celebrated the Megalesia as ludi scenici, B. C. 193. [Libo, Scribonius, No. 3].

Vale'rius

2. M. Valerius Artema, M. F., an architect, who is mentioned in an extant inscription. (Sillig, Cat. Artif. Append. s. v. Artema ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 422, 2d. ed.)

Vale'rius

3. D. Valerius L. F., described as Vascularius, that is, a maker of bronze vases, in two inscriptions found at Tusculum, of which place he was a native or a citizen, for in one of the inscriptions he is styled Tusculan. (Muratori, Thes. vol. i. p. 12.12, p. 14.6; R. Rochette, l.c.)

Vale'rius

4. C. Valerius Anemestione C. Ius, is the form in which a Cordovan inscription gives the name of an artist in metal, who made the embossed vessels called anaglypta. He is styled in the inscription Caelator Anaglytarius, but there can be no doubt that the last word is an error for Anaglyptarius. (Muratori, Thes. vol. ii. p. cmlxxxi. 9; R. Rochette, l.c.) [P.S]

Vale'rius Aedituus

In the ninth chapter of the nineteenth book of the Noctes Atticae a certain rhetorician Julianus, when challenged to point out anything in the Latin language worthy of being compared with the graceful effusions of Anacreon, and other bards of that class among the Greeks, quotes two short epigrams by Valerius Aedituus, who is simply described as " veteris poetae," one by Porcius Licinius, and one by Quintus Catulus. Upon these collectively A. Gellius pronounces "mundius, venustius, limatius, pressius, Graecumve Latinumve nihil quidquam reperiri puto." They unquestionably merit high commendation, but are so evidently derived from some Greek source, that they could scarcely be adduced with fairness as specimens of the Roman lyric muse. Judging from the language and versification we may assign them to a period about B. C. 100. (Gel. 19.9; Anthol. Lat. 3.242, 243, ed. Burmann, or Nos. 27, 28, ed. Meyer.) [W.R]

Vale'rius A'ntias

[Antias.]

Vale'rius Asia'ticus

1. P. Valerius Asiaticus, consul suffectus under Caligula, but in what year is uncertain, and a second time consul under Claudius in A. D. 46 with M. Junius Silanus. Valerius was a friend of Caligula, but, having received a gross insult from him, rejoiced at his death. When the praetorian troops, after the assassination of the emperor, were seeking for the murderer in order to wreak their vengeance on him, Valerius stood up in a conspicuous place and exclaimed " Would that I had killed him," by which act of courage the soldiers were so astonishe d that they returned quietly to their quarters. Valerius was very wealthy and this proved his ruin. The empress Messalina coveted his splendid gardens, which were the same as Lucullus had originally laid out, and which Valerius had made still more magnificent. She also suspected him of being one of the paramours of the beautiful Poppaea Sabina, the mother of Nero's wife, whom she both feared and detested; and she therefore resolved to crush Valerius and Poppaea at the same time. She employed Suillius to accuse him, and also instructed Sosibius, who was then a slave or a freedman in the palace, to caution Claudius against the power and wealth of Valerius. This was in A. D. 47, the year following his second consulship. Valerius had in the preceding year voluntarily resigned his consulship after holding it for a short time, in order to avoid the envy of which he was the subject. Suillius accused him of the part he had taken in Caligula's death, and of an intention of setting out to the German armies with a view of aspiring to the empire, since he was born at Vienna (Vienne) in Gaul and had many connections in that part of the Roman world. The weak and credulous emperor was easily persuaded. Valerius was apprehended at Baiae. The senate was not summoned, but he was brought into the emperor's chamber, where Suillius laid various crimes to his charge. Valerius defended himself with spirit, and the emperor would have acquitted him had it not been for Messalina, who got Vitellius, then consul for the third time, to persuade the emperor to sentence him to death. He was allowed the choice of his death, and died by opening his veins. (D. C. 59.30; Joseph. 19.1; Sen. de Const. Sap. 18; Tac. Ann. 11.1-3, 13.43; D. C. 60.27, 29, 31.)

Vale'rius Asia'ticus

2. P. Valerius Asiaticus, the legatus of the province of Gallia Belgica at the death of Nero, espoused the cause of Vitellius at the beginning of A. D. 69, and soon afterwards married the daughter of Vitellius. On the fall of Vitellius he hastened to make his peace with the generals of Vespasian, and as consul designatus spoke in the senate in favour of their proposals. He was allowed in consequence to enjoy the consulship as suffectus in the following year, A. D. 70. (Tac. Hist. 1.59, 4.4, 6.)

Vale'rius Asia'ticus

3. Valerius Asiaticus, consul under Hadrian A. D. 125 with Titius Aquilinus (Fasti).

Vale'rius Bassia'nus

slain by Commodus. (Lamprid. Commod. 7.)

Vale'rius Bra'dua, M.

consul under Commodus A. D. 191 with Pedo Apronianus (Fasti).

Vale'rius Caburnus, C.

[Procillus.]

Vale'rius Ca'pito

banished by Agrippina, was after her death recalled from exile by Nero. (Tac. Ann. 14.12.)

Vale'rius Catuli'nus

was sent by Julianus to succeed Septimius Severus in the government of Illyricum, when the latter assumed the imperial title. Valerius was afterwards killed by Septimius. (Spartian. Julian, 5, Sever. 13.)

Vale'rius Cato

[Cato.]

Vale'rius Catullus

[Catullus.]

Vale'rius Constanti'nus

[Constantinus I.]

Vale'rius Consta'ntius

[Constantius.]

Vale'rius Diocletia'nus

[Diocletianus.]

Vale'rius Diodo'rus

[Diodorus, literary, No. 2.]

Vale'rius Eutychia'nus Comazon

[Comazon.]

Vale'rius Fabia'nus

[Fabianus.]

Vale'rius Festus

[Festus.]

Valerius Gratus

[Gratus.]

Valerius Homullus, M.

consul under Antoninus Pius A. D. 152 with M. Acilius Glabrio. His joke against the emperor is recorded by Capitolinus (M. Ant. Phil. 6). He may have been a descendant of the Titius Homullus, whom the younger Pliny speaks of as one of the orators of his time (Ep. 4.9, 5.20, 6.19).

Vale'rius, Ju'lius Works Julii Valerii viri clarissimi Res Gestae Alexandri Macedonis translatae ex Aesopo, Graeco

The author was probably a native of Alexandria (1.27); and it has been conjectured, from some peculiarities in the language, that Valerius was an African.

The work, as the title imports, is taken from the Greek of Aesopus, and the original must have been composed before the middle of the fourth century, and probably before the division of the empire, since the temple of Serapis which was destroyed in A. D. 389 by an edict of Theodosius, and the tomb of Alexander which had been removed in the age of Chrysostom, are both spoken of as if standing in their original state (1.30, 3.57), while in describing the dimensions of the most famous cities (1.20) no notice is taken of Constantinople. We cannot determine with the same certainty a limit for the period when the translation was executed, but judging from the general tone of the Latinity it could not have been later than the beginning of the fifth century. Editions

Angelo Mai printed in the seventh volume of his Classici Auctores e Vaticanis codicibus editi (8vo. Rom. 1835) from one Ambrosian and two Vatican MSS. an historical tract inscribed Julii Valerii viri clarissimi Res Gestae Alexandri Macedonis translatae ex Aesopo, Graeco, and in his Spicilegium Romanum (8vo. Rom. 1842) he added some new matter obtained from a Turin MS. Assessment

This piece, although published for the first time by Mai, was known to Vincent of Beauvais, to Saumaise, to Chittlet, and to many other critics. It is by no means undeserving of attention; the style is lively and attractive, and, although many of the statements are evidently fabulous, much curious information may be gleaned from it with regard to the affairs of Egypt and especially of Alexandria. Further Information

See the prefatory remarks of Mai in his " Classici Auctores." [W.R]

Vale'rius Largus

[Largus.]

Vale'rius Licinia'nus

[Licinianus.]

Vale'rius Ligur

praefectus of the praetorian cohorts under Augustus. (D. C. 60.23.)

Vale'rius Marcelli'nus

a Roman historian, who wrote the lives of some of the emperors. (Capitol. Maxim. et Balbin. 4.)

Vale'rius Mari'nus

had been named one of the consuls by Galba for the year 69 A. D., but was deprived of the intended honour by Vitellius. (Tac. Hist. 2.71.)

Vale'rius Martia'lis

[Martialis.]

Vale'rius Maximia'nus

[Maximianus.]

Vale'rius Maximi'nus

[Maximinus.]

Vale'rius Ma'ximus

[Maximus.]

Vale'rius Naso

[Naso.]

Vale'rius Nepos

[Nepos.]

Vale'rius Pauli'nus

[Paulinus.]

Vale'rius Po'llio

[Pollio.]

Vale'rius Po'nticus

banished in Nero's reign, A. D. (Tac. Ann. 14.41.)

Vale'rius Praeconi'nus

[Praeconinus.]

Vale'rius Priscus

[Priscus.]

Vale'rius Probus

[Probus.]

Vale'rius Procillus

[Procillus.]

Vale'rius Sora'nus

[Soranus.]

Vale'rius Theon

[Theon, No. 6.]

Vale'rius Valenti'nus

[Valentinus.]

Valerius

(1) Antias. See Antias.

(2) Maxĭmus, a Roman historian. Of his life we know only that he accompanied the proconsul Sextus Pompeius to Asia in A.D. 27 (ii. 6, 8). On his return he composed, between A.D. 29 and 32, a collection of historical anecdotes in nine books, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium Libri, which he dedicated to the emperor Tiberius. The book consists of an uncritical collection of extracts taken mostly from Livy and Cicero, but also from Sallust and Pompeius Trogus. These are divided into domestic and foreign instances under different headings, mostly descriptive of moral qualities, sometimes grouped according to subjects and sometimes not. The style is bad, and full of rhetorical declamation; the character of the compiler reveals itself in his gross flattery of Tiberius. Nevertheless, owing to the convenient selection of anecdotes which the book offered to orators and authors, it was much quoted in the succeeding generations down to the Middle Ages. It has come down to us with two epitomes, drawn up in late Roman times, by Iulius Paris and Ianuarius Nepotianus. The short dissertation De Praenominibus, appended to the work, has nothing to do with Valerius himself. It is an epitome drawn up by the above-mentioned Paris from the first portion of a work on Roman names by an unknown writer, who quotes old authorities on the subject, especially Varro. There are good text-editions of Valerius Maximus by Halm (Leipzig, 1865) and Kempf (2d ed. Leipzig, 1888); and with English notes on selected passages, by Smith (Boston, 1895).

(3) Gaius Valerius Flaccus Balbus Setīnus, a Latin writer of epic verse, born at Setia, who flourished under Vespasian and Titus, and died before A.D. 90. We have an unfinished epic by him on the expedition of the Argonauts (Argonautica) in eight books, which was begun about the time of the destruction of Jerusalem (70), and was dedicated to Vespasian. The poem is a free paraphrase of the work of Apollonius Rhodius, with his characteristic style and manner, in language which, though careful and tastefully chosen, is sometimes difficult and obscure, and overladen with rhetorical adornment. Editions by Thilo (Halle, 1863); Schenkl (Berlin, 1871); and Bährens (Leipzig, 1875). See Peters, De Valerii Flacci Vita et Carmine (Königsberg, 1890).

(4) Iulius Valerius, of Africa, who lived about the end of the third century A.D., and wrote a Latin translation of the Pseudo-Callisthenes. See Callisthenes.

(5) Valentīnus. See Tappula Lex.

(6) See Valeria Gens.