clades

clādes, is (gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.: cladum, Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm.29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. [kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. κλάω, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per-cello, clava, gladius].

• I Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,
• • A In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies; class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum, Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3 (911): haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas, Lucr. 6, 1125: dare late cladem magnasque ruinas, id. 5, 347: etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis, Cic. Brut. 97, 332: atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori, id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25: et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis, id. Sest. 13, 31: cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus, id. Pis. 37, 91: quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset, Sall. C. 39, 4: captae urbis Romanae clades, Liv. 5, 21, 16: publica, Tac. A. 14, 64: tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit, Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191: plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra), Liv. 8, 2, 8: quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades! Lucr. 5, 48: aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli, id. 5, 369: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, Liv. 22, 4, 1: colonias belli clade premi, Curt. 9, 7, 22: colonias omni clade vastare, id. 4, 1, 10: majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132: per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est, of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38: quo tantae cladis pretio, i.e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57: recens, the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.: Lugdunensis, the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.: si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura, without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.—Poet.: cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris, Ov. M. 9, 176: Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—
  • B Esp.
  • • 1 In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre: ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent, Sall. J. 59, 3: exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit, Liv. 39, 1, 4: iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos, Verg. A. 12, 556: quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit, Curt. 4, 12, 15; so freq.: accipere cladem, to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17; 22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta, Quint. 9, 2, 62: classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit, Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 7: postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies, Liv. 25, 19, 16: omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata, id. 29, 3, 8: non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades, id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4: tantā mole cladis obrui, Liv. 22, 54, 10: terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur, Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5: binaque castra clade unā deleta, Liv. 30, 6, 6: exercituum, Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch: quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet, Verg. A. 2, 362: Germanica, Tac. H. 4, 12: Variana, id. A. 1, 57: Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur, id. H. 1, 50. —Poet.: ut barbarorum Claudius agmina ... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men), Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—
    • 2 Of the plague: inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades, Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.: sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium, Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—
    • 3 Of the loss of a limb: Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum, Liv. 2, 13, 1.—
• II Transf.
• • A Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest: geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, Verg. A. 6, 843: haec clades, of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—
  • B Of dissolute morals, corruption: fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit, Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.

clādēs (clādis), is, f. (stammverwandt mit dem griech. κλαδαρός, zerbrechlich), I) im engern Sinne: a) der Zweige, Pflanzen usw. (durch Hagel, Regen usw.), der Bruch, bildl. b. Plaut. capt. 911. – b) die Verletzung eines Gliedes, cl. dextrae manus, Liv. 2, 13, 1. – II) im weitern Sinne, übh. Verlust, Schaden, Unglück, Unheil, 1) im allg.: cl. civitatis, Cic.: gens integra a cladibus (Plagen) belli, Liv.: eā clade, Verheerung, Liv.: neque ulla praetermissa clades (Untat) est, Liv.: instantes clades, Seuchen, Liv.: meton., von einer Person, die jmdm. Verderben zuzieht, -bereitet, Pest, militum clades, Todesengel des Kriegsheers, Cic. de prov. cons. 13: Scipiadae, clades Libyae, Verg. Aen. 6, 843: haec clades, ein solcher Wüterich (v. Heliogabal), Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa clades, Pest des Staates, verderbliche Menschenklasse (v. Buhldirnen), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 34, 4. – 2) insbes., Unglück im Kampfe, Niederlage, Schlappe, cl. acerbissima Marii, Cic.: suā temeritate contracta clades, Liv.: cladem (pugnae) accipere, Cic. u. Liv.: cladem accipere ab hoste Gallo, Liv.: cladem gravem in Britannia accipere, Tac.: cladem hosti afferre, Cic.: cladem inferre, importare, Liv.: cladem facere, bereiten, Sall.: vix instantes clades sustinere, Liv. – ➳ Rom. Sing. auch cladis, Liv. 2, 22, 4; 10, 35, 3 u.a. Ampel. 46, 5 cod. – Genet. Plur. gew. cladium; doch auch cladum, zB. Sil. 1, 41 u. ö. Amm. 29, 1, 14 u. 31, 2, 1.

1 clades v. cleta

2 clades [CL] , disaster, destruction, plague. cladibus horrendae ‥ / ‥ possum succurrere leprae Aldh. Aen. 94 (Ebulus) 7; regiones impia ~e ‥ devastans Bede HE III 16; 9‥ ~es, pestes, cwyld, ‥ ~es, adla WW; c1160 ut bellice tempestatis et ~is publice totamque precedentium malorum seriem regni nostri felicitas ‥ demulceat J. Sal. Ep. 24 (101); cum ei ~em omnem exoptet, clam unicam et secretissimam querit Map NC III 3 p. 124.

clādēs, (8) is, f. , ¶ 1 désastre [de toute espèce], fléau, calamité : Pl. Capt. 911 ; Lucr. 6, 1125 ; civitatis Cic. Br. 332, les malheurs abattus sur la cité ; mea clades Cic. Sest. 31, mon malheur (exil) ; clades dextræ manus Liv. 2, 13, 1, perte de la main droite ; per sex dies ea clade sævitum est Suet. Nero 38, 2, le fléau fit rage six jours durant || [fig.] fléau destructeur [en parl. de qqn] : hæ militum clades Cic. Prov. 13, ces fléaux de lʼarmée ¶ 2 [en part.] désastre militaire, défaite : Sall. J. 59, 3 ; Liv. 25, 22, 1 ; alicui cladem afferre Cic. Nat. 2, 7 ; inferre Liv. 29, 3, 8, faire subir un désastre à qqn ; cladem accipere Cic. Div. 1, 101, essuyer un désastre ; cladi superesse Liv. 25, 19, 16, survivre à la défaite.

➳ gén. pl. cladium ; qqf. cladum ( Sil. 1, 41, etc. ; Amm. 29, 1, 14 ; 31, 2, 1 ).

clades , is. f. plur. clades, dium vel dum.
敗壞。殺戳。

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clādēs (clādis, L.) is, f

• 1 CEL-, destruction, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity: importuna civitatis: Luctifica: magna, S.: captae urbis, L.: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, L.: urbs sine Milonis clade numquam conquietura, without ruining Milo: privatae per domos, the losses of particular families, L.: Cladibus pascere nostris, O.: Troiae Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, H.—In war, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre: magnam cladem in congressu facere, S.: accipere cladem, to be beaten, L.: magnam populoR.cladem attulit: non volnus super volnus sed multiplex clades, L.: illius noctis, V.: sine clade victor, i. e. without loss, H.—A pest, plague: in ipsos Erumpit clades, O.—A loss, maiming: dextrae manūs, L.—A destroyer, scourge, pest: Libyae, V.— Corruption: Hoc fonte derivata clades, etc., H.