fraus

fraudi imponere aliquam speciem iuris
to impose an appearance of justice upon fraud

fraus , fraudis, f.: fraud, deception, treachery, deceit, guile, 4.675; stratagem, ambuscade, 11.522; wickedness; fault, offense, 9.428; mischance, harm, 10.72; hurt, harm, 11.708; treacherous nature, uncertainty, 9.397.

fraus, fraudis (gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.: fraudum, Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. τιτρώσκω, wound, θραύω, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).

• I Lit.: cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore, Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.: nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur? id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20: fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat, Liv. 28, 42: hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1: fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem), Liv. 1, 53, 4: per summam fraudem et malitiam, Cic. Quint. 18, 56: in fraudem obsequio impelli, id. Lael. 24, 89: metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20 (276): fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus, id. Rud. 3, 2, 37 (651): Litavici fraude perspecta, Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6: legi fraudem facere, i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9 (164); cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet; in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc., Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30: quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset, Liv. 7, 16 fin.: facio fraudem senatusconsulto, Cic. Att. 4, 12: inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi, Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140: si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit, Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.: sese dedere sine fraude constituunt, without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1: sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium, Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.): audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit, Hor. C. 1, 3, 28: aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat, by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2: bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur, Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.: exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae, deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101: qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium, id. Off. 3, 18, 75: noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62: (Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax, id. C. 3, 27, 28.
• II Transf.
• • A Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare): fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131 (360): gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo, Ter. Heaut. 1033.—
  • B In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.): otio aptus in fraudem incidi, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 (658) Brix ad loc.: est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur, Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.: si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit, id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26: scelus frausque, id. de Or. 1, 46, 202: suscepta fraus, id. Pis. 18 fin.: nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere, Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.: re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—
  • C In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.): is me in hanc illexit fraudem, Plaut. Mil. 5, 42 (1435): imperitos in fraudem illicis, Ter. And. 911 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus ... hic in fraudem homines impulit; hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit, Cic. Pis. 1, 1: nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi, Lucr. 4, 417: quemquam pellicere in fraudem, id. 5, 1005: jacere in fraudem, id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4: in fraudem incidere, Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.: in fraudem in re publica delabi, id. de Or. 3, 60, 226: ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem, Lucr. 2, 187: ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc., id. 6, 187: quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis ... oppressum rapit, deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—
  • • 2 Injury, detriment, damage.
    • • • α Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena; fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio, Dig. 50, 16, 131.—
        • β Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra): tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23 (294): id mihi fraudem tulit, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2: esse alicui fraudi aut crimini, to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.: quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit, id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49: latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc., Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49; v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO, Liv. 1, 24, 5: ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere, Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41: quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit? Verg. A. 10, 72: jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem, id. ib. 11, 708.

fraus, fraudis, f. (altlat. frūs zu frustra, frustro), jede Handlung, die die Rechte eines andern kränkt, der Betrug, das hinterlistige Verfahren, die Tücke, Bosheit, die Gaunerei, die Übervorteilung, Täuschung, I) eig. u. meton.: A) eig.: 1) im allg.: fraus odio digna maiore, Cic.: fraude loci et noctis, Verg.: fraude caeli sereni deceptus, Verg.: montium fraude, Flor.: non hostium sed locorum fraude, Curt.: locorum fraude prior, durch die Tücke des Geländes uns überlegen, Tac.: in fraudem creditorum, um sie zu betrügen, ICt.: sine fraude, ohne Betrug, ehrlich, Cic. u. Liv.: fraude malā, betrügerisch, diebischerweise, Hor.: fraude ac dolo Hannibalis, Liv.: fraudem facere legi, Plaut. u. Liv., od. contra legem, Liv., od. senatus consulto, Cic., od. adhibere fraudem legi, Gell., umgehen, Eintrag tun: in fraudem legis, ICt. – Plur., omnes eius fraudes atque fallaciae, Cic.: fraudes libertorum, Tac. – 2) insbes., der Selbstbetrug, die Selbsttäuschung, der Irrtum, in fraudem incĭdere, delabi, Cic., se induere, Lucr.: esse fraudi, Lucr.: dare alci fraudem, Lucr.: alqm in fraudem impellere, Cic.: quis deus te in fraudem egit? Verg. – B) meton.: 1) = Betrüger, Gauner, Ter. heaut. 1033: fraus populi, Plaut. Pseud. 365: v. Tieren, Plur. bei Gratt. cyn. 82. – 2) durch Täuschung erzeugter Schaden, Nachteil, tuis nunc cruribus capitique fraudem capitalem hinc creas, Plaut.: alci fraudem ferre od. fraudi esse, schaden, zum Nachteil gereichen, Cic.: in eandem fraudem incĭdes, Ter.: in fraudem agere, ins Verderben stürzen, Verg.: sine fraude esse od. fieri, Cic. u.a. (s. Müller Liv. 1, 24, 5). – II) übtr., übh. das Vergehen, Verbrechen, die Freveltat, fraudem suscipere, Cic., od. committere, Hor.: fraudem capitalem admittere od. audere, Cic. u. Liv.: fraudes inexpiabiles concipere, Cic. – ➳ Genet. Plur. fraudium u. fraudum, s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 414 u. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 287. – arch. Nbf. frūs, wov. Dat. Sing. frudi, Lucr. 1, 187: Abl. Sing. frude, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 198, 64.

fraus [CL] 1 fraud, deceit, trickery. idola quae dudum decepta fraude colebat Aldh. CE 4.8. 13; daemonica ~de seductus Bede HE V 13; 786 ~s, violentia, et rapina vetatur Ep. Alcuin. 3 p. 25 (= Conc. HS III 455); 936 †fruade (v. furvus b); 1075 neque ‥ deceret ut filius Willelmi ‥ de perjurio vel ~de aliqua infamiam pateretur Lanfr. Ep. 40 (32); injustam acquisitionem [facit] ‥ ~dis inductio in emptione Hales Sent. IV 235; AncrR 8; s1406 (v. 2 dolus a). 2 fraudulent act, deception, stratagem. mendacia mille, / fraudes et fures ac falsis fribola gestis Aldh. VirgV 2577; Scotti ‥ nil contra gentem Anglorum insidiarum moliuntur aut ~dium Bede HE V 23 p. 351; catus in alto sedens clamavit "Reynarde, ‥ aperi sacculum tuum; certe omnes ~des tue non valent modo ovum" Latin Stories 57; o si forte Jupiter / hanc videat, / timeo ne pariter / incaleat / et ad fraudes redeat P. Blois Carm. 8. 7. 65; de Jacob dicitur quod fecit dolum sine dolo et ibi fuit pia ~s, ergo ibi non fuit peccatum Id. Ep. sup. 58. 4. 3 something acquired by fraud. qui ~dem comedit et scit ‥ vij dies poeniteat Egb. Pen. 13. 3.

fraus, (8) fraudis, f. (anc^t frūs, cf. frustra, frustro ), ¶ 1 mauvaise foi, tromperie, fraude, fourberie, perfidie [tj. avec idée de ruse, cf. Cic. Off. 1, 41 ] : Cic. Com. 20, etc. ; sine fraude Cæs. C. 2, 22, 1, loyalement ; Litavicci fraude perspecta Cæs. G. 7, 40, 6, la fourberie de Litaviccus étant pleinement reconnue ; legi fraudem facere Pl. Mil. 164, éluder la loi, cf. Dig. 1, 3, 29 ; Liv. 7, 16, 9 ; facio fraudem senatus consulto Cic. Att. 4, 12, jʼélude le sénatus-consulte ; in fraudem creditorum Dig. 42, 8, 8, pour frauder les créanciers || pl., fraudes et fallaciæ alicujus Cic. Clu. 101, les ruses et les tromperies de qqn, cf. Off. 3, 75 || trompeur, fourbe [fourberie personnifiée] : Pl. Ps. 365 ; Ter. Haut. 1033 ¶ 2 illusion quʼon se fait à soi-même, erreur où lʼon tombe, déception, méprise : voltus in fraudem homines impulit Cic. Pis. 1, cʼest ton visage qui a induit le monde en erreur, cf. Lucr. 4, 417 ; 4, 1206 ; 5, 1005 ; in fraudem incidere, delabi Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1 ; de Or. 3, 226, se tromper ¶ 3 dommage, détriment : id mihi fraudem tulit Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2, cela mʼa causé du dommage, mʼa porté préjudice ; res fraudi est alicui Cic. Mur. 73, une chose cause du dommage à qqn, lui porte préjudice, cf. Cic. Clu. 91 ; Phil. 5, 34 ; 8, 33 ; etc. ; sine fraude fieri, esse (arch. se fraude Gell. 20, 1, 49 ), se produire, être sans dommage, cf. Liv. 1, 24, 5 ; 26, 12, 5 ; in fraudem agere Virg. En. 10, 72, mettre en péril ; in maximam fraudem incurrere Cic. Off. 3, 55, courir le plus grand dommage ¶ 4 action délictueuse, crime : boni nullo emolumento impelluntur in fraudem Cic. Mil. 32, il nʼy a pas de profit qui pousse les bons à mal agir, cf. Cic. Læl. 89 ; fraudem capitalem admittere Cic. Rab. perd. 26, commettre un crime capital ; aliquid in fraude capitali ponere Cic. de Or. 2, 199, compter qqch. comme un crime capital ; suscepta fraus Cic. Pis. 43, un crime commis ; fraudes inexpiabiles concipere Cic. Tusc. 1, 72, se charger de crimes abominables.

➳ gén. pl. fraudium Cic.  ; fraudum Tac. Ann. 6, 21 ; Gell. 14, 2, 6 || arch. frus, dat. frudi Lucr. 1, 187 ; abl. frude CIL 1, 583, 64.

fraus , audis. f.
騙。弊。損人。罪。危險。— capitalis 死罪。Fraudem facere legi 强冒律例。Ne ea res mihi sit fraudi 恐此事損我。Sine fraude 無罪。無詭。無害。

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fraus fraudis (genplur. fraudium, C.), f

• 2 FER-, a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud: ad fraudem callidi: cum fraude fiat iniuria: fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, L.: occasionem fraudis quaerunt, Cs.: per summam fraudem: Litavici fraude perspectā, Cs.: quod fraudem legi fecisset, L.: ii, quibus per fraudem fuit uti (inperiis), i. e. have obtained wrongfully, S.: sese dedere sine fraude, i. e. unconditionally, Cs.: bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur, L.: exagitabantur omnes eius fraudes, deceptions: fons fraudium.—Of persons, a cheat, deceiver, fraud, T.—A bad action, offence, crime: impia: scelus frausque: priscae vestigia fraudis, V.: nocitura Postmodo natis, H.: fraudes inexpiabiles concipere.—A self-deception, delusion, error, mistake: Inperitos in fraudem inlicis, T.: in fraudem deducere: in fraudem in re p. delabi: Fraude loci et noctis Oppressus, ignorance of, V.—Injury, detriment, damage, hurt, harm: ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem, V.: id mihi fraudem tulit: esse alicui fraudi aut crimini, tend to his injury: ne Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc., L.: quod sine fraude meā fiat, facio, without harm, L.: dies, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere, S.— Person., Fraud, the god of deceit.