praetorium

praetōrĭum, ii, n. [praetor].

• A general's tent, Liv. 10, 33: dictatoris, id. 7, 12: imperatoris Aequorum, id. 3, 25; Caes. B. C. 1, 76.—
• • B Transf.
  • • 1 A council of war (because held in the general's tent): praetorio dimisso, Liv. 30, 5; 37, 5: missum, id. 21, 54, 3.—
    • 2 The official residence of the governor in a province, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 65: curritur ad praetorium, id. ib. 2, 5, 35, § 92; Vulg. Matt. 27, 27.—
    • 3 A palace (post-Aug.): sedet ad praetoria regis, Juv. 10, 161: Herodis, Vulg. Act. 23, 35; id. Phil. 1, 13.—
    • 4 In gen., a magnificent building, a splendid country-seat (post-Aug.): ampla et operosa praetoria, Suet. Aug. 72: in exstructionibus praetoriorum atque villarum, id. Calig. 37; id. Tib. 39: alternas servant praetoria ripas, Stat. S. 1, 3, 25; Juv. 1, 75; Dig. 31, 1, 35; 50, 16, 198.—
    • 5 Of other dwelling-places, the cell of the queen-bee: et circa regem atque ipsa ad praetoria, densae Miscentur, Verg. G. 4, 75. —Of Diogenes's tub: utcumque sol se inclinaverat, Diogenis simul praetorium vertebatur, Hier. adv. Jovin. 2, 14.—
• II The imperial body-guard, the guards, whose commander was called praefectus praetorio or praetorii: in praetorium accepti, Tac. H. 4, 26 fin.: meruit in praetorio Augusti centurio, Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 82: militare in praetorio, id. 25, 2, 6, § 17: ascriptis veteranis e praetorio, Suet. Ner. 9: praetorii praefectus, Tac. H. 1, 19.

praetōrium, iī, n., s. praetōrius.

praetorium [CL] 1 large house, mansion, esp. governor’s residence (in quots. w. ref. to Joh. xviii 28). b (understood as) manor or manor-house. Christum ad presidis trahunt pretorium Walt. Wimb. Carm. 542; direxi potestati vestre omnia que gesta sunt in ~io meo, valete. hanc epistolam Claudio direxit Pilatus Eul. Hist. I 130.  b nomenque sibi sumpsit a parochia in agro Surriae in qua ~ium sive manerium in suum nomen ascivit Upton app. 67. 2 court-house. cum egrederetur crudele ~ium [gl.: est ubi judices sedent: domern] Aldh. VirgP 47 p. 302; ~ium, domus judiciaria GlC P 622; ~ium, domus judicaturia Gl. Leid. 24. 18; in pretorio sepe summum jus summa injuria est J. Sal. Pol. 499C; c1200 diversas domus pro ~io et gaola ‥ construxerunt Feod. Durh. 193n; cucurrit ad ~ium et audacter increpavit judicem T. Chobham Praed. 87; s1295 ad ~ium ‥ ductus ‥ non negavit facinus quod patrarat Flor. Hist. III 282; 1548 apud publicum ~ium sive locum solitum judicialem curie predicte SelPlAdm II 2. 3 moot-hall, town hall, or sim. b judgement hall (of philosopher). 10‥ in preterium, in mæþelern WW; 1254 ad ~ium IMisc 9. 37; 1403 prima gilda capitalia ‥ tenta in ~io de Edinburgh Gild Merch. I 216; 1428 super omnibus et singulis accionibus, debatis, clameis, et querelis ‥ causa ~ii sive domus vocate the Mothalle dicte ville [Wygan] Cl 278 m. 12d.; moote hawle, ~ium PP; hoc ~ium, A. a motehalle WW; 1456 inquisicio facta in ~io burgi de Abbirden Reg. Aberbr. II 91; 1465 coram magno gradu ~ii burgi de Perth Conc. Scot. I ccxlvii; 1552 curia ‥ tenta in pretorio ejusdem [burgi de Abirdene] Scot. Grey Friars II 229.  b ut ad omnem fortune impetum ‥ scutum rationis quasi volubile ~ium philosophantis opponat J. Sal. Pol. 636C. 4 title of an official’s account book. 1463 ut patet per magnum librum predictum ubi hujusmodi soluciones et expense ‥ in fine cujuslibet mensis in quodam titulo ‘Preteria’ particulariter et plenius specificantur Comp. Dom. Buck. 53.

1 prætōrĭum, (10) ĭī, n. , ¶ 1 tente du général et endroit du camp où est la tente du général : Liv. 10, 33 ; Cæs. C. 1, 76, 2 || conseil du général ; conseil de guerre : Liv. 21, 54, 3 ¶ 2 pl. prætoria Juv. 10, 161, palais [du prince] || cellule de la reine [des abeilles] : Virg. G. 4, 75 ¶ 3 palais du préteur [dans une province] : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65 ; 5, 92 ¶ 4 milice ou garde prétorienne, les prétoriens : Tac. H. 4, 26 ; Plin. 7, 82 ; Suet. Nero 8 ¶ 5 maison de plaisance, villa : Suet. Aug. 72 ; Cal. 37 ; Juv. 1, 75 || niche, guérite [en parlant du tonneau de Diogène] : Hier. Jovin. 2, 14.

praetorium , ii. n.
總宫部堂。臬司署。將幕府。庄殿。— demittere 散武會議。

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praetōrium ī, n

• praetor.—In a camp, the general's tent: tueri praetorium, L.: fit concursus in praetorium, Cs.—In a province, the governor's residence, government house: curritur ad praetorium.—Plur, a palace: sedet ad praetoria regis, Iu.—Of private mansions, palaces, Iu.: ipsa ad praetoria, i. e. the queen-bee's cell, V.—A council of war(held in the general's tent): ita missum, L.: praetorio dimisso, L.—The imperial body-guard: in praetorium accepto, Ta.

PRAETORIUM

PRAETO´RIUMin its primary sense was the tent of the general (praetor), the headquarters in the camp (Mommsen, Staatsrecht, ii.3 74) [CASTRAVol. 1. p. 373]. Hence we find it used for the palace of a provincial governor, not only when his official title was praetor (as in Cic. Ver. 4.2. 8, 65), but also when the residence of a proconsul or even of a procurator as meant: (cf. John 18.28): for the palace of a foreign prince, as Prusias (Juven. 10.161), or Herod (Acts 28.35). It was used also for any large country-house (Juven. 1.75; Mart. 10.79; Suet. Aug. 72, Tib. 39, Calig. 37), but it would not rightly be used of a house at Rome, however palatial it might be. It is no doubt the case (as Professor Mayor points out in his note on Juv. l. c.) that the original idea of head.quarters on active service is retained. The villa was the whole property, dwellinghouse, gardens, farm, &c.; the house itself, as the head-quarters of the owner, was the praetorium. The word may, however, also be applied (as Bishop Lightfoot shows on Ep. ad Philipp. pp. 101 ff.) to a body of men forming the council of war which met in the general's tent (Liv. 26.15; 30.5-Z2), and later to the imperial body-guard, the attendants on the holder of the imperium, who represented the praetor or general of an earlier period (Tac. Hist. 2.11; Suet. Nero 9). A legionary is said to serve in legione, a guardsman in praetorio (Plin. Nat.25.17; Tac. Hist. 1.20, 4.46-Z2). These praetoriani or praetorian guardsmen [EXERCITUSVol. 1. p. 793] were by Tiberius concentrated in a camp outside the Colline gate (Tac. Ann. 4.2; Merivale, Rom. Hist. 5.221); but this camp was not, as has sometimes been stated, called praetorium, but castra praetoria, castra praetorianorum, or castra praetorii (Tac. Hist. 1.31; Plin. Nat.3.67). These quarters of the praetorian guard were destroyed by Constantine, when he disbanded the guard itself; but he left the outer walls of the camp, because they had been made part of the Aurelian Wall (Burn, Rome and Campagna, p. 61).

[W.S] [G.E.M]

Praetorium

The headquarters in the Roman camp; a wide space, on which stood the general's tent, the altar of the camp, the augurale, and the tribunal. (See castra.) In the provinces this name was given to the official residence of the governor ( Verr. iv. 28, 65) and to any large country-house (Suet. Calig. 37).