vir

vir fortis ac strenuus
a man strong and vigorous

vir , virī, m.: a man as distinguished by sex, 9.479, and freq.; husband, 2.744; hero, 6.415; pl., virī, ōrum, comrades, friends, 2.668; citizens, 1.264; people in general, 1.532.

vĭr, vĭri (gen. plur. virūm, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 251 P., or Ann. v. 280 Vahl.; id. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll., or Ann. v. 394 Vahl.; Verg. A. 6, 553 al.), m. [Sanscr. vira, hero; the root is in O. H. Germ. weralt; Angl.Sax. veruld; Engl. world, i. e. age or generation of men], a male person, a man (opp. femina; cf. mas).

• I In gen.: virum me natam vellem, Ter. Phorm. 792: deque viro factus (mirabile') femina, Ov. M. 3, 326: ambiguus fuerit modo vir, modo femina Sithon, id. ib. 4, 280: mulier conjuncta viro, Lucr. 5, 1012: vir mulierque, Tib. 2, 2, 2: sapientissimorum nostrae civitatis virorum disputatio, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: vir prudens, id. ib. 1, 12, 18: clari viri, id. Fam. 6, 6, 12: vir clarus et honoratus, id. Sen. 7, 22: praestantior, id. ib. 23, 84: bonus et sapiens et legibus parens, id. Fin. 3, 19, 64; cf. id. Off. 3, 15, 64; v. bonus: optimi (opp. homines improbi), id. Cael. 5, 12: fortis, id. Fin. 3, 8, 29; id. Rep. 1, 3, 5: turpissimus, Sall. J. 85, 42: nefandus, Verg. A. 4, 498.—
• II In partic.
• • A A man as related to a woman, a husband, maritus (very freq.): is (Juppiter) amare occepit Alcumenam clam virum, Plaut. Am. prol. 107; 111; 134; 1, 3, 4 (502); Ter. Hec. 516: quem (vultum) dicitur Xanthippe praedicare solita in viro suo fuisse, Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; id. Verr. 5, 31, 82; id. Cael. 13, 32; id. Fam. 7, 23, 4; Liv. 1, 46, 6; Hor. C. 2, 18, 28; 3, 3, 68; id. S. 1, 2, 127 al.; Ov. M. 1, 146; Petr. 111; Quint. 5, 10, 62; 5, 11, 28; 7, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 69; id. Calig. 25; id. Claud. 29; id. Ner. 35; id. Dom. 22 al.—Transf., of animals, the male, mate, etc., Verg. E. 7, 7; Ov. M. 1, 660; Mart. 3, 93, 11; Sol. 23.—
  • B A man (opp. a boy): pueri hoc possunt, viri non potuerunt? Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34: ex toto non sic pueri ut viri curari debent, Cels. 3, 7 fin.: pueroque viroque, Ov. M. 13, 397: neque eos (pueros) prius in urbem redire, quam viri facti essent, statuit, Just. 3, 3, 7: cum essem parvulus ... quando factus sum vir, etc., Vulg. 1 Cor. 13, 11.—
  • C Pregn., a man, a man of courage, principle, or honor, one who deserves the name of a man: Marius rusticanus vir, sed plane vir, cum secaretur, vetuit se alligari ... Ita et tulit dolorem, ut vir; et, ut homo, majorem ferre sine causā necessariā noluit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; cf. id. Fam. 5, 17, 3: cum is jam se corroboravisset ac vir inter viros esset, id. Cael. 5, 11: te oro, te colligas virumque praebeas, id. Fam. 5, 18, 1: si vir esse volet, praeclara συνοδία, id. Att. 10, 7, 2: tum viro et gubernatore opus est, Liv. 24, 8, 1; 1, 41, 3; 1, 46, 6; 2, 38, 6 et saep.: si quid in Flacco viri est, Non feret, Hor. Epod. 15, 12.—
  • D In milit. lang.
  • • 1 In gen., like our man, for soldier (syn. miles): dispertiti viri, dispertiti ordines, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 65 (217); cf.: boat Caelum fremitu virum, id. ib. 1, 1, 78 (230): vir unus cum viro congrediendo, T. Manlius, M. Valerius, quantum Gallicam rabiem vinceret Romana virtus, docuerunt, Liv. 38, 17, 8.—
    • 2 In partic., as opposed to the cavalry, a foot-soldier (syn. pedes): equites virique, Liv. 21, 27, 1: magnā voce trahens equitemque virosque, Sil. 9, 559: passim turmaeque virique, etc., Petr. 123.—Hence, prov.: equis viris, or viris equisque, with horse and foot, i. e. with might and main; v. equus.—
  • E With emphasis in place of a pronoun of reference, is, ille, etc.: fletusque et conploratio fregere tandem virum, Liv. 2, 40, 9: hae tantae viri virtutes, id. 21, 4, 9; Sall. J. 9, 3.—
• F Distributively, each man, every man: vir virum legit, of choosing a senator, Suet. Aug. 35: vir cum viro congrediaris, Liv. 22, 14, 14: legitque virum vir, singled out (in battle), Verg. A. 11, 632 (an imitation of Hom. Il. 4, 472: ἀνὴρ δ ἄνδῤ ἐδνοπάλιζεν): cum vir virum legisset, i. e. a companion in battle, Liv. 9, 39, 5; cf., in a sarcastic transfer-: ille (Clodius), qui semper secum scorta, semper exoletos, semper lupas ducebat, tum neminem, nisi ut virum a viro lectum esse diceres, Cic. Mil. 21, 55.—
• G Human beings (poet. homines, opp. pecudes), Ov. M. 1, 286; cf. Verg. A. 6, 553.—
• H Manhood, virility (poet. and very rare): ut relicta sensit sibi membra sine viro, Cat. 63, 6: ferro mollita juventus Atque exsecta virum, Luc. 10, 134.

vir, virī (altind. vīrā-ḥ, gotisch waír, ahd. wer, Mann), der Mann (Ggstz. femina, mulier), I) im allg.: de viro factus femina, Ov.: ambiguus modo vir, modo femina, Ov.: mulier coniuncta viro, Lucr. – vir bonus et sapiens, Cic. (vgl. bonus): vir fortis, Cic.: vir turpissimus, Sall. – II) insbes.: A) der reife, erwachsene Mann (Ggstz. puer), Ov. met. 13, 397: neque eos (pueros) prius in urbem redire, quam viri facti essent, statuit, Iustin. 3, 3, 7: cum essem parvulus, loquebar ut parvulus... quando autem factus sum vir, evacuavi quae erant parvuli, Vulg. 1. Corinth. 13, 11. – B) der verehelichte Mann, der Ehemann (Ggstz. uxor), meus vir, Ter.: vir et uxor, das Ehepaar, Sen. rhet., Val. Max. u. ICt.: hic est enim vultus semper idem, quem dicitur Xanthippe praedicare solita in viro suo fuisse Socrate, Cic. Tusc. 3, 31 (u. so oft vir = Ehemann bei Cic., zB. Cic. Verr. 5, 82 mehrmals): u. übtr., v. Buhlen, vir tuus, Cic.: u.v. Tieren, viri equarum, Solin.: vir gregis ipse caper, Verg. – C) emphat., der Mann in bezug auf seine Vorzüge, ein Mann von festem Charakter, von Mut, Kraft, Tapferkeit usw., plane vir, Cic.: tulit dolorem ut vir, Cic.: te virum praebeas, Cic.: viri non est, es ist unmännlich, Cic.: si vir es, si vos viri estis, Liv.: si quid in Flacco viri est, Hor.: ego tamen vir sum, Suet.: si quis male vir quaerit habere virum, Ov. Vgl. Fabri Liv. 24, 8, 12 (viele Beisp. aus Liv.): u. im obszönen Sinne, si vir es, wenn du prästieren kannst, Apul. met. 2, 17: u. so ad illos rettulit, qui non habent barbam nec in concubitu viri sunt, Schol. Iuven. 6, 373. – D) als milit. t.t., der Mann = der Soldat, gew. im Plur., die Mannschaft, dispertiti viri, Plaut.: boat caelum fremitu virûm, Plaut. – bes. viri im Ggstz. zu arma u. equi, Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 52, 5). – u. viri im Ggstz. zur Reiterei, die Fußsoldaten, gew. verb. equites virique, eques virique, equi virique, Liv. (s. Gronov Liv. 21, 27, 5). – u. sprichw., equis virisque u. dgl., s. equusno. I, B, 2. – E) mit (auszeichnendem) Nachdruck für das Pron. is od. ille, wie unser der Mann für er, auctoritas viri moverat, Liv.: hae tantae viri virtutes, Liv. Vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 4, 9. – F) der einzelne, die einzelne Person in Verbdgg. wie: vir virum legit, jeder sucht sich seinen Mann aus, wählt seinen Mann, bei der Senatorenwahl, Suet. Aug. 35, 1; im Kampfe, sowohl zum Gegner, Verg. Aen. 11, 632, als zum Nebenmann zum gegenseitigen Schutze im Kampfe, Liv. 9, 39, 5 u. übtr. (sarkastisch) Cic. Mil. 55. – u. vir unus cum viro congrediendo (Ggstz. legiones legionibus experti), Liv. 38, 17, 8. – G) Plur. viri, poet. übtr. = homines, die Menschen, im Ggstz. zu den Göttern, Verg. Aen. 6, 553: im Ggstz. zum Vieh (pecudes), Ov. met. 1, 286. – H) meton., Mannbarkeit, Zeugungskraft, membra sine viro, Catull. 63, 6: iuventus exsecta (al. exacta) virum, entmannte, Lucan. 10, 134. – ➳ Archaist. Nom. Plur. IIIvire (= tres viri), Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 554 u. 555: virei, SC. de Bacch. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 196. lin. 19 u. 20: vireis, in CDL vireis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 198, 14. – Genet. Plur. virûm, oft bei Dichtern, Enn. ann. 276 u. 410. Lucr. 1, 95 u.a. Catull. 64, 192 u. 68, 90. Verg. georg. 2, 142 u.a. Prop. 3, 9, 23. Ov. her. 1, 55. Iuvenc. 3, 572 u. 4, 708; vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 176.

vir [CL] 1 adult male person, man; b (of spec. affiliation, character, occupation, status, etc.). pretium ~i vel ancillae pro anno Theod. Pen. I 7. 5; quendam hominem ‥ utriusque sexus ‥ qui ‥ vir a nescientibus putabatur Lib. Monstr. I 1; [voluptas] molliores et corruptiores facit esse ~os quam feminas J. Sal. Pol. 397D; vir semel effectus sponsus vir desinit esse D. Bec. 1949; “attolite ‥ animos, †virie legantes [H. Hunt. HA VIII 8: ~i elegantes], et adversus hostem ‥ exsurgite” W. Coventr. I 161; s1417 erant ‥ ~i expediti ad arma xvj millia cccc Elmh. Hen. V Cont. 109.  b vir Dei igne divinae caritatis ‥ ardebat Bede HE II 7; 1159 prefatus vir impietatis (Lit. Papae) Conc. I 433b; s1207 martyr ‥ offenditur ‥ cum corpus et locus ipsius a ~is sanguinum obsideatur (Chr. Cant.) Gerv. Cant. II pref. lxv; 12‥ facient ea adeo bona sicut capiunt ea per visum legalium ~orum Deeds Newcastle 43; 1231 hoc ‥ vitium a ~is religiosis maxime debet esse longe alienum Gros. Ep. 4 p. 26; s1346 quadringentis ~is armorum de Francigenis interemptis Ad. Mur. Chr. Cont. A 176; erat ‥ vir scelerum Ciren. II 193; s1460 quatinus, cum sint ipsi ~i pacis, posset ‥ fieri pax Reg. Whet. I 372. 2 man as married to a woman, husband. b (alch.) sulphur as complement of mercury, ‘the red man’. mulier que tenuit nupsit intra annum post mortem ~i DB II 199; vir sui corporis potestatem non habet, sed mulier V. Chris. Marky. 15; uxor ‥ suspectam habens ~i moram Gir. Æthelb. 17; 1300 Ysolda ponit loco suo Radulfum H. ~um suum Rec. Elton 88; [Juliana] ossa ~i sui ‥ peciit ut secum ea deferret Eul. Hist. I 208.  b tres partes femine et unam ~i debes accipere Ripley Axiom. 117 (cf. ib.: ubi mas rubens et conjux alba fient unum desponsati spiritu vite). 3 playing piece used in board game, ‘man’. videamus ‥ quomodo isti hanc aleam possident ~i Alea Evang. 175; unus quisque quatuor in suo proprio angulo ~os possident Ib. 177.

vĭr, (4) vĭrī, m. , ¶ 1 homme [opposé à femme] : virum me natam vellem Ter. Phorm. 791, je voudrais être née homme ; [emploi très général en latin] ¶ 2 homme [dans la plénitude du terme, distinct de homo, être humain, homme en général, v. homo ], cf. Cic. Br. 93 ; Q. 2, 9, 3 || homme jouant un rôle dans la cité, personnalité, personnage : vestros patres ; viros clarissimos, vivere arbitror Cic. CM 77, je crois que vos pères, ces hommes si illustres, vivent toujours ; dicet vir clarissimus Gn. Lentulus censor Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, il y aura la déposition dʼun personnage illustre, le censeur Gn. Lentulus ¶ 3 emplois divers ; a) homme, mari, époux : Cic. Tusc. 3, 31 ; Verr. 2, 5, 82 ; Cæl. 32, etc. || [en parl. dʼanim.] mâle : Virg. B. 7, 7 ; Ov. M. 1, 660 ; b) homme = homme fait [oppos. à enfant] : Cic. Tusc. 2, 34 ; Cæl. 11 ; c) qui a des qualités viriles : rusticanus vir, sed plane vir Cic. Tusc. 2, 53, un homme rustique, mais vraiment un homme ; virum se præbere Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1, se montrer un homme, montrer du caractère, cf. Cic. Att. 10, 7, 2 ; d) = soldat : Pl. Amph. 220 ; 233 ; Liv. 38, 17, 8 ; [en part.] fantassin [oppos. à cavalier] : equites virique Liv. 21, 27, 1, cavaliers et fantassins ; [fig.] equis viris Cic. Fam. 9, 7, en faisant tout donner, chevaux (cavalerie) et hommes (infanterie) = par tous les moyens ; e) (remplaçant le démonstratif] : vidisti virum ? Cic. Att. 9, 18, 3, tu lʼas vu ? tu as vu le personnage ? cf. homo, emploi analogue ; f) tête dʼhomme, individu : in viros dividere Pl. Aul. 108, partager par tête ; g) vir virum legit : a) Suet. Aug. 35, chacun choisit son homme, son collègue au sénat ; b) [ou] son compagnon de combat : Liv. 10, 38, 12 [manière de constituer une élite], cf. Liv. 9, 39, 5 ; Cic. Mil. 55 ; c) [ou] son adversaire : Virg. En. 11, 632 ; h) virilité : exsectus virum Luc. 10, 134, privé de sa virilité, eunuque ; i) [poét.] viri = homines, les hommes, lʼhumanité : Ov. M. 1, 286.

➳ arch. nom. pl., III vire = tresviri CIL 1, 643 ; 1, 644 ; virei S. C. Bacch. CIL 1, 581, 19 ; vireis CIL 1, 583, 14 || gén. pl., virum Lucr. 1, 95 ; etc. ; Catul. 64, 192 ; 68, 90 ; Virg. G. 2, 142 ; En. 6, 553, etc.

vir , viri. m. (vis.)
男人。丈夫。壯年者。牡。勇。善人。— gregis 公山羊。Si vir es indictas exige dotis opes 若爾勇則索所斷之妝可也。Ita et tulit dolorem ut vir et ut homo majorem ferre sine causa necessaria noluit 因其勇故忍痛因其智故辭無益之痛。Viri. plur. 步兵。\Virum pro* Virorum.

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vir virī, genplur. virōrum (poet. also virūm, Ct., V., O.), m

• a male person, adult male, man (opp. mulier, femina): virum me natum vellem, T.: Deque viro factus (mirabile!) femina, O.: clari viri: consularis: turpissimus, S.: nefandus, V.: hoc pueri possunt, viri non potuerunt?: pueroque viroque, O.—In war, a man, soldier: vir unus cum viro congrediendo, etc., L.—With emphasis for a pronoun of reference: fletusque et conploratio fregere tandem virum, L.: gratiā viri permotus flexit animum, S.—Repeated distributively, each one . . . another, man . . . man: vir cum viro congrediaris, L.: legitque virum vir, singled out (for attack), V.: cum vir virum legisset, i. e. a companion in battle, L.—Plur, human beings: flumina simul pecudesque virosque rapiunt, O.; opp. Caelicolae, V.—A man, husband: quid viro meo respondebo Misera?T.: vir matris: angebatur Tullia nihil materiae in viro esse, etc., L.: Et uxor et vir, H.: Imminet exitio vir coniugis, O.—Of animals, the male, mate: Vir gregis ipse caper, V. —A man, man of courage, worthy man: tulit dolorem, ut vir; et, ut homo, etc.: tum viro et gubernatore opus est, L.: si quid in Flacco viri est, Non feret, H.—Plur, foot-soldiers, infantry: ripam equites virique obtinentes, L.—Manhood, virility: membra sine viro, Ct.