rarus

apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto
here and there swimmers appear in the vast whirlpool optimum quidque rarissimum est
all the best things are also the rarest

rārus, a, um: (adj.), the opposite of dense; thin; straying, scattered, 1.118; wide-meshed, distended, 4.131; standing far apart, infrequent, here and there = few; broken, interrupted, faltering, 3.314; rarely lighted, seen now and then, uncertain, 9.383.

rārus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root rah-, to abandon], having wide interstices between its parts, of a loose texture, not thick or dense, thin (opp. densus; freq. and class.).

• I Lit.: denseri poterunt ignes, rarique relinqui, Lucr. 1, 656; cf.: (terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras ... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo, Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.; 1, 419: textura, Lucr. 4, 196; cf. retia, Verg. A. 4, 131; Hor. Epod. 2, 33: tunica, Ov. Am. 1, 5, 13; and: cribrum, id. M. 12, 437: rariores silvae, the thinner, clearer parts of the forest, Tac. Agr. 37: seges, Col. 2, 9, 6: corpus (opp. solidae res), Lucr. 1, 347; 2, 860; 6, 631 al.: aër, id. 2, 107; cf. in the comp., id. 6, 1024: manus, i.e. with the fingers spread apart, Quint. 11, 3, 103: raraque non fracto vestigia pulvere pendent, i.e. scarcely visible, Stat. Th. 6, 640.—
• II Transf.
• • A Of things which stand apart from each other, far apart, here and there, scattered, thin, scanty ( = disjectus; opp. densus, confertus): cum raris disjectisque ex aedificiis pabulum conquireretur, Hirt. B. G. 8, 10; cf.: vides habitari in terrā raris et angustis in locis, scattered, Cic. Rep. 6, 19, 20: apparent rari nantes, Verg. A. 1, 118: foramina, Lucr. 5, 457: bacae expanduntur rarae, Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 60: frutices in vertice, Ov. H. 10, 25: coma, id. Am. 1, 8, 111; cf. capillus. Suet. Calig. 50: racemi, Verg. E. 5, 7: umbra, id. ib. 7, 46: arbores, Nep. Milt. 5, 3: tela, Ov. M. 12, 600 et saep. — Poet.: manat rara meas lacrima per genas, drop by drop, Hor. C. 4, 1, 34. —
  • • 2 In partic., in military lang., far apart, here and there, scattered about, dispersed, straggling, single (opp. confertus). accedebat huc, ut numquam conferti, sed rari magnisque intervallis proeliarentur, Caes. B. G. 5, 16; cf.: rari in confertos illati, Liv. 23, 27: ipsi ex silvis rari propugnabant, Caes. B. G. 5, 9; 5, 17; 7, 45; 7, 80; id. B. C. 1, 27 fin.: Samnites raris ordinibus constiterant, Liv. 9, 27; Curt. 4, 14, 14: rara est acies, Verg. A. 9, 508: rarior acies, Tac. H. 3, 25; Front. Strat. 3, 10, 4: rarior acies, Curt. 4, 15, 20: ut ordines suos non magnopere servarent, rari dispersique pugnarent, Caes. B. C. 1, 44; cf. Tac. Agr. 37 fin.; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 23.—
  • B Of any thing found in small numbers or which seldom takes place, few, rare (cf. paucus): in omni arte ... ut in ipsă virtute, optimum quidque rarissimum, Cic. Fin. 2, 25, 81; cf.: rarum genus (amicorum) et quidem omnia praeclara rara, id. Lael. 21, 79: raris ac prope nullis portibus, Caes. B. G. 3, 12 fin.; cf.: etiamsi rarus ejus rei, nonnullus tamen usus, Quint. 8, 6, 30: rarus enim est animus ad ea defendenda, Sall. H. 3, 61, 7 Dietsch: Idem rarum est, non sine usu tamen, Quint. 5, 11, 42: rari domos, plurimi amicorum tecta ... petivere, Tac. H. 1, 79 fin.: Oceanus raris ab orbe nostro navibus aditur, id. G. 2: aliquod solitarium aut rarum, Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 83: ut anteponantur rara vulgaribus, id. Top. 18, 69: litterae, Liv. 6, 1; cf. id. 7, 3: rara hostium apparebant arma, id. 2, 50: lites, Quint. 7, 1, 43: infelicitas, id. 11, 2, 49: quae (littera) est apud nos rarissima in clausulis, id. 12, 10, 31: quod est magis rarum, id. 9, 2, 73: ex maxime raro genere hominum, Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf. Quint. 7, 3, 25: raris vocibus hisco, Verg. A. 3, 314: rara per ignotos errent animalia montes, id. E. 6, 40: audiet pugnas vitio parentum Rara juventus, Hor. C. 1, 2, 24. —Rarum est, with ut: rarum est, ut, etc., Quint. 3, 10, 3; 6, 3, 38; 10, 7, 24: rarum dictu, esse aliquid, cui prosit neglegentia, Plin. 18, 16, 39, § 140.—
  • • • b Mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the adv. raro, seldom, rarely: nec Iliacos coetus nisi rarus adibat, Ov. M. 11, 766; cf.: rarus, qui tam procul a portu recessisset, reperiebatur, Quint. 12, prooem. § 3; so, rarus fuit, qui, etc., id. 6, 2, 3: antiquis scriptoribus rarus obtrectator, Tac. A. 4, 33; Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 22, p. 233 Gerl.: Caesar rarus egressu, Tac. A. 15, 53; cf.: leones rari in potu, Plin. 8, 16, 18, § 46: (calculus) rarus inventu, id. 28, 15, 61, § 217; cf.: helxine rara visu est, id. 21, 16, 56, § 96: Homerus alias circa picturas pigmentaque rarus, i. e. rarely speaks of them, id. 33, 7, 38, § 115—
    • 2 Poet., in partic., uncommon of its kind, scarce, rare, extraordinary, remarkable: rara puella fuit, Prop. 1, 17, 16; so, Cynthia, id. 1, 8, 42: ministra deae, id. 4 (5), 11, 52; cf.: rara quidem facie, sed rarior arte canendi, Ov. M. 14, 337: facies, id. H. 17, 93 Ruhnk.: vestis, Cat. 69, 3: avis (sc. pavo), Hor. S. 2, 2, 26: fides, id. C. 1, 35, 21: artis opus rarae, Tib. 3, 4, 37: patulis rarissima ramis, Ov. M. 7, 622: rarissima turba, id. A. A. 2, 281: rarissimi ingenii homo, Sen. Contr. 28: conjux rarissima, Stat. S. 5, 1, 11.— Hence, adv., usually raro (class.), but sometimes rare (ante - class. and post-Aug.), rarenter (ante- and post-class.), or rariter (late Lat.).
  • A Form rārō: raro nimium dabat quod biberem, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 20 (20): potavi, edi, donavi, et enim id raro, id. Bacch. 4, 10, 6 (984): si id, quod raro fit, fieri omnino negetur, Cic. Inv. 1, 43, 80: evenire insolenter et raro (opp. vulgo), id. ib. 1, 28, 43: vinum aegrotis prodest raro, nocet saepissime, id. N. D. 3, 27, 69; id. de Or. 3, 52, 101; cf. id. Or. 24, 80: sed tamen raro habet in oratione poeticum aliquod verbum dignitatem, id. de Or. 3, 38, 153: raro antecedentem scelestum Deseruit poena, Hor. C. 3, 2, 31: admodum raro, Cic. Fat. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12; for which we find raro admodum, Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135: raro umquam, Quint. 4, 1, 4; 5, 7, 22; Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 93: ita raro, Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 37: sic raro, Hor. S. 2, 3, 1: tam raro, Ov. M. 13, 117: quam raro, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25 (664): perquam raro, Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 55.— Comp.: quod si rarius fiet, quam tu exspectabis, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1.— Sup.: istud rarissime accidere, Col. 5, 5, 7: non affari nisi rarissime, Suet. Claud. 3.—
  • B Form rārē (acc. to I.), far apart, thinly, sparsely, here and there: nisi rare conseritur, vanam et minutam spicam facit, Col. 2, 9, 5: tenui vimine rarius contextus saccus, id. 9, 15, 12.—
  • • 2 (Acc. to II. B.) Of time, seldom, rarely: vero rare capitur (piscis), Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 56 (993).—
  • C Form rārenter, seldom, rarely: dato rarenter bibere, Cato R. R. 103; so, rarenter, Liv. And., Enn., Caecil., Nov., Trab., Pompon. ap. Non. 515, 23 sq.; 164, 25 sq.; Ap. Flor. 3, p. 357, 22. —
  • D Form rārĭter (very rare): quidquid fit rariter, magis delectat, Schol. Juv. 11, 208.

rarus, a, um (zu Wz. erē, trennen, locker, undicht sein), mit weiten Zwischenräumen in seinen Teilen, locker, nicht dicht, dünn u. dgl. (Ggstz. densus, creber), I) eig.: densi rarique ignes, Lucr.: terra rara, Verg., rarissima, Verg.: terra sit rarior quam densior, Colum.: retia, weitmaschige, Verg. u. Hor.: tunica, Ov.: cribrum, weitlöcheriges, Ov.: pectan, weitzinkiger, Ov.: rariores silvae, dünner, lichter, Tac.: corpus (Ggstz. solidae res), Lucr.: interior costae pars, locker, Cels.: aër, Lucr.: manus, mit gespreizten Fingern, Quint. – subst., densum et rarum, Colum. 3, 12, 3. – II) übtr.: A) v. Dingen oder Personen, die selbst weit auseinander sich befinden, einzeln, einzeln stehend, zerstreut, weitläufig, weit, dünn, dünn gesät (Ggstz. densus, confertus, continuus), a) übh.: rara disiectaque aedificia, Hirt. b.G.: rara et angusta loca, zerstreute, Cic.: raris locis ignes fieri, nur an einzelnen Punkten, nur hier u. da, Liv.: foramina terrae, Lucr.: bacae expanduntur rarae, Plin.: coma r., Ov.: capillus, Suet.: racemi, Verg.: tela, Ov. – poet., manat rara meas lacrima per genas, eine einsame, verstohlene, Hor. carm. 4, 1, 34. – b) als milit. t.t., einzeln, vereinzelt, weitläufig, getrennt, zerstreut, lückenhaft (Ggstz. confertus, constipatus; vgl. bes. Mützell Curt. 4, 14 [54], 14), ordines, Liv.: acies, Frontin.: numquam conferti, sed rari magnisque intervallis proeliantur, Caes.; vgl. rari dispersique pugnant, Caes.: rari in confertos illati, Liv.: rariore iam Vitellianorum acie, Tac. – B) v. allem, was der Zahl u. Zeit nach nur hier und da, nur hin u. wieder sich zeigt, vorkommt, nur einzeln, wenig, selten (Ggstz. frequens), 1) im allg.: a) nur hier und da-, nur hin und wieder-, nur einzeln kommend, -vorkommend, -anzutreffen, -angetroffen, -angewandt, raris ac prope nullis portibus, Caes.: rari domos, plurimi amicorum tecta... petivere, Tac.: r. per vias populus, nur hier u. da, nur wenige Menschen auf den Straßen, Tac.: Oceanus raris navibus aditur, Tac.: rara hostium apparebant arma, nur hier u. da, nur einzelne Bewaffnete, Liv.: u. so apparent rari nantes, Verg.: patrum haud fere quisquam in foro, in urbe rari erant, Liv. – maxime r. genus (amicorum), Cic.: homo rarissime, Fronto: optimum quidque rarissimum, Cic.: rarae tuae litterae, Cic.: parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae (schriftl. Nachrichten), Liv.: (decemviri) rari aditus (Genet.), selten zugänglich, Liv.: raro balneo, rarissimā venere uti, Cels.: (concubitus) rarus corpus excitat, frequens solvit, Cels.: vitio parentum rara iuventus, gelichtete Jugend, Hor. – rarum est, ut etc., es ist etwas Seltenes, eine Seltenheit, es geschieht selten, daß usw., Quint. 3, 10, 3; 6, 3, 38; 10, 7, 24. Spart. Pesc. 1, 11. Vopisc. Aurel. 31, 1. – m. folg. 2. Supin., calculus rarus inventu, selten zu finden, Plin.: helxine rara visu est neque in omnibus terris, Plin.: rarum dictu, esse aliquid, cui prosit neglegentia, Plin. – neutr. pl. subst., rara (anteponantur) vulgaribus, Cic. top. 69. – b) von dem, der selten etwas tut, selten, nec Iliacos coetus nisi rarus adibat, Ov.: rarus reperiebatur, rarus fuit, qui etc., selten einer, der usw., Quint.: antiquis scriptoribus rarus obtrectator, Tac.: Caesar rarus egressu, selten ausausgehend, Tac. (Ggstz. creber egressu, Pacat. pan.): leones rari in potu, Plin.: rariores in eorum officiis sunt, quibus vitam aut dignitatem debent, sie warten ziemlich selten denen auf, denen usw., Sen.: Homerus alias circa picturas pigmentaque rarus, d.i. der davon selten spricht, Plin. – 2) insbes., selten in seiner Art (bes. von seltener Schönheit), ungewöhnlich, vortrefflich, puella, Prop.: rarā quidem facie, sed rarior arte canendi, Ov.: leo rarae magnitudinis, Curt.: r. vestis, Catull.: avis (v. Pfau), Hor.: Lysimachus frater indolis rarae, Curt.: artis opus rarae, Tibull.: quercus patulis rarissima ramis, Ov.: uxor rarissimi exempli, musterhafte, Ps. Quint. decl. – im üblen Sinne, fuit libidinis rarae, Vopisc. Aurel. 6, 1.

rarus [CL] 1 that has loose structure or thin texture or composition, (as sb. n.) loosely structured substance, body, or sim.. b (of sieve) that has large holes. si materia situata est in membro ~o, cito evaporat: si spissa diu durat Gilb. I 11. 2; ~um habet partes discontinuatas Bacon III 214 (v. discontinuare 1); nullam mencionem facit de ~o et de denso T. Sutton Gen. & Corrupt. 127; quelibet pars ~i est ~a Ockham Quodl. 442; in sumitate istorum est aer ita subtilis et ~us [ME: latsom] Itin. Mand. 10.  b c1395 in ij cribris ~is vocatis ridels (v. cribrum 1b). 2 that has wide spaces or intervals, characterized by sparseness or scantiness, (w. a & abl.) sparsely provided (with). mansio ‥ secretior, nemore ~o et vallo circumdata Bede HE V 2 p. 283; cujus cilia sunt ~a a pilis significant hominem simplicem M. Scot Phys. 62 (v. convenire 6b). 3 that occurs rarely, infrequent, occasional, rare. b (of person; ~us sermone or in sermone)who talks seldom. unde licet ~us sit aspectus, non tamen ~us, sed continuus est affectus Anselm (Ep. 2) III 99; 1166 rarescunt autem auxilia, etsi ab initio ~issima fuerint J. Sal. Ep. 168 (167 p. 98); gentem hec [Yslandia] breviloquam et veridicam habet. ~o namque brevique fungens sermone, juramento non utitur quia mentiri non novit Gir. TH II 13 p. 95; pluvia ~a terram facit fructiferam et pluvia nimia facit eam sterilem T. Chobham Praed. 75.  b gravis moribus, sermone ~us, indignationis nescius Ailr. Spir. Amicit. III 121. 698D; in cultu corporis tui abjectior, in sermone ~ior, in vultu dejectior P. Blois Ep. 55. 167A. 4 that proceeds in a manner characterized by low intensity or slow speed. septimo judicatur [pulsus] ex operatione quietis et hic dividitur in spissum, ~um, et in medium Bart. Angl. III 23; motus vero alii ~iores sunt, alii spissiores, sicut patet in omnibus mobilibus. ~i autem et tardi graves efficiunt sonos, spissi et celeres acutos Odington 62–3. 5 rarely occurring, (pl. also as sb. m.) few persons. 671 tanto inextricabilior obscuritas praetenditur quanto ~ior doctorum numerositas reperitur Aldh. Ep. 1 p. 477; dum genus humanum truculenta fluenta necarent / ‥ / exceptis raris ‥ Id. Aen. 63 (Corbus) 3; exceptis vitibus et olivis ~ae ferax arboris, frumenti quoque et hordei fertilis Bede HE V 17 p. 318; 802 forte ~i intrant, si peccatores non intrant Alcuin Ep. 246; regulam definiendi artissimam docuit et quam plene aut nullus aut ~us assequitur J. Sal. Met. 906C; tanta ‥ alacritate iter arripuit ‥ ut velocitatem euntis ~us famulorum ‥ posset adequare Lib. Eli. III 42 p. 281. 6 uncommon, unusual, rare. nunc igitur raros decerpant carmina flores / e quis virgineas valeant fabricare coronas Aldh. VirgV 138; topatius quo rarior / eo est pretiosior Frith. Cives 10. 1; 1210 bene valere vos opto ~issime Roberte Lit. Cant. I 21; c1211 omne quod ~um est plus appetitur Gir. Ep. 6 p. 230. 7 (de ~o or abl. sg. ~o as adv.) rarely, infrequently, occasionally. in sede arbitraturi sedentes sed ~o recti judicii regulam quaerentes Gildas EB 27; sacerdotes habet Britannia ‥ ~o sacrificantes et numquam puro corde inter altaria stantes Ib. 66; raro me quisquam cernet sub luce serena Aldh. Aen. 35 (Nycticorax) 3; ita ut ~o ibi nix plus quam triduana remaneat Bede HE I 1 p. 12; unde Aristotiles: mulieres que ~o ebriantur cito senescunt [cf. Macrob. Sat. VII 6. 16: mulieres, inquit, ~o ebriantur, crebro senes] Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 191; satis ‥ de ~o subsequitur victoria, ubi juvenes certamen ineunt contra senes, aut inscii adversus sapientes Reg. Whet. I 8; ut de rebus tam de ~o contingentibus habeatur apud posteros noticia magis recens Ib. I 395.

rārus, (8) a, um, ¶ 1 peu serré, peu dense, qui a des jours dans sa contexture : retia rara Virg. En. 4, 131, filets à larges mailles ; terra rara Virg. G. 2, 227, terre légère ; textura rara Lucr. 4, 196, tissu clair ; rariores silvæ Tac. Agr. 37, clairières des bois ¶ 2 espacé, clairsemé, distant, disséminé : raris in locis Cic. Rep. 6, 20, dans des endroits disséminés sur la terre ; apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto Virg. En. 1, 118, çà et là apparaissent des naufragés sur le vaste gouffre de la mer ; arbores raræ Nep. Milt. 5, 3, arbres clairsemés ; rarus capillus Suet. Cal. 60, cheveux rares ; numquam conferti sed rari Cæs. G. 5, 16, 4, jamais en masse compacte, mais par petits groupes, cf. Cæs. G. 5, 9, 6 ; 5, 17, 1 ; 7, 45, 7 ; raris ordinibus constiterant Liv. 9, 27, 8, ils sʼétaient formés en lignes espacées ; rarior acies erat Curt. 4, 15, 20, la ligne de bataille était moins compacte ¶ 3 peu nombreux, rare : raris ac prope nullis portibus Cæs. G. 3, 12, 5, avec des ports rares ou presque sans ports ; optimum quidque rarissimum Cic. Fin. 2, 81, ce qui est le meilleur est aussi le plus rare, cf. Cic. Læl. 79, ex maxime raro genere hominum Cic. Læl. 64, dʼune espèce dʼhommes rare entre toutes ¶ 4 peu fréquent : rarus obtrectator Tac. Ann. 4, 33, détracteur qui se voit rarement ; rarus egressu Tac. Ann. 15, 53, qui sort rarement ; rarum est, ut subj. Quint. 3, 10, 3 ; 6, 3, 38, etc., il arrive rarement que || [emploi adverb.] : rarus adibat Ov. M. 11, 766, il pénétrait rarement ¶ 5 [poét.] rare, remarquable, exceptionnel : rara avis Hor. S. 2, 2, 26, oiseau rare [le paon] ; rara facie, sed rarior arte canendi Ov. M. 14, 337, remarquable par sa beauté, plus remarquable encore par son art du chant ; quercus patulis rarissima ramis Ov. M. 7, 622, chêne extraordinaire par lʼétendue de ses rameaux.

rarus , a, um. adj. c. s.
稀疎。鮮。稀罕。非常。出等者。 — in potu 少飲者。Facie rarus 非常之美容。Aer — factus 氣變疎。Rarum dictu 人罕言者。Rara vestigia 難見之踪跡。

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rārus adj.

• with comp.and sup, of loose texture, thin, rare, not thick: (terra) opp. densa, V.: retia, with large meshes, V.: tunica, O.: rariores silvae, thinner, Ta.—With large intervals, far apart, here and there, scattered, thin, scanty: vides habitari in terrā raris et angustis in locis, scattered: Apparent rari nantes, V.: frutices in vertice, O.: umbra, V.: arbores, N.: Manat rara meas lacrima per genas, drop by drop, H.—Of soldiers, in open order, far apart, scattered, dispersed, straggling, single: ut numquam conferti, sed rari magnisque intervallis proeliarentur, Cs.: rari in confertos inlati, L.: ordines, L.: rarior acies, Cu.—Infrequent, scarce, sparse, few, rare: in omni arte, optimum quidque rarissimum: raris ac prope nullis portibus, Cs.: Oceanus raris ab orbe nostro navibus aditur, Ta.: rara hostium apparebant arma, L.: vitio parentum Rara iuventus, H.: rarus adibat (i. e. raro), O.—Plurn. as subst: rara (anteponantur) volgaribus.—Uncommon, scarce, rare, extraordinary, remarkable: Rara quidem facie, sed rarior arte canendi, O.: avis (sc. pavo), H.: rarissima turba, O.