secret
secret
subs.
Ar. and P. ἀ̆πόρρητον, τό, or pl., P. and V. τὸ κρυπτόν (Eur. I.A. 1140), V. ἄρρητα, τά.
Mystery: P. and V. ἀ̆κί̄νητα, τά.
Be in the secret, v.: P. and V. σῠνειδέναι.
It was no secret: P. οὐκ ἦν ἀφανῆ (Dem. 231).
subs.
Ar. and P. ἀ̆πόρρητον, τό, or pl., P. and V. τὸ κρυπτόν (Eur. I.A. 1140), V. ἄρρητα, τά.
Mystery: P. and V. ἀ̆κί̄νητα, τά.
Be in the secret, v.: P. and V. σῠνειδέναι.
It was no secret: P. οὐκ ἦν ἀφανῆ (Dem. 231).
secret
adj.
Not to be divulged: P. and V. ἄρρητος, ἀ̆πόρρητος.
Not to be meddled with: P. and V. ἀ̆κί̄νητος (Plat.).
Clandestine: P. and V. κρυπτός, ἀ̆φανής, λαθραῖος, κρῠφαῖος (Plat.), V. κρύφιος, σκότιος, see stealthy.
Keep secret: P. and V. σῑγᾶν (acc.), σιωπᾶν (acc.), V. διᾰσιωπᾶν (acc.).
In secret: see secretly.
adj.
Not to be divulged: P. and V. ἄρρητος, ἀ̆πόρρητος.
Not to be meddled with: P. and V. ἀ̆κί̄νητος (Plat.).
Clandestine: P. and V. κρυπτός, ἀ̆φανής, λαθραῖος, κρῠφαῖος (Plat.), V. κρύφιος, σκότιος, see stealthy.
Keep secret: P. and V. σῑγᾶν (acc.), σιωπᾶν (acc.), V. διᾰσιωπᾶν (acc.).
In secret: see secretly.
SECRET
adj. arcanus (that one keeps hidden or unrevealed): secretus (that one keeps separate): abditus: tectus: occultus (removed from sight: abditus hidden by being put away; tectus by being covered; occultus veiled): ab arbitris liber (free from eye-witnesses; e.g. locus): reconditus: absconditus: abstrusus (deeply hidden abstruse; reconditus of things difficult to reveal absconditus and abstrusus of things altogether unknown): interior (not exposed): latens (that lies in obscurity): clandestinus (that lakes place without the knowledge of another): Tac. (that acts or lakes place without noise or show): furtivus (by stealth). (The words are found in this connection and order.) arcanus et secretus: secretus et arcanus: occultus et abditus: occultus et quasi involutus: reconditus atque abditus: interior et reconditus: abditus et ab arbitris liber (e.g. locus). A secret writing litterae secretiores (the characters ciphers etc): furtivum scriptum (anything written with private characters etc. Gell.): secret power tacita vis (that works in silence; Vid: Quint. 3 5 9 and 9 4 13): occulta vis (that is not observed or known; Vid: Quint. 1 10 7): secret counsel consilia arcana iutenora (private consultations; different from consilia clandestina = secret tricks or artifices; Vid: Nep. Hannib. 2 2): sanctuarium or consistorium priucipis (the place in which the prince held his councils; under the emperors): secret conversations or negotiations occulta colloquia; clandestina colloquia; with anyone cum aliquo: to hold secret consultation with anyone to consult with anyone in secret cum aliquo colloqui arcano (when the subject of consultation is a secret) or secreto (when the parties meet in private; i.e. so that their deliberations are not overheard) or in occulto (when the parties meet secretly; i.e. so that their meeting is not known): to speak with anyone in secret sine arbitris loqui cum aliquo: secret arts artes secretae: in secret (or secretly as an adverb) arcano (so that that which takes place must remain unknown): secreto (not in the presence of unwelcome persons; Vid: Caes. B.G. 1 3]; B.C. 1 19. Nearly = secreto is sine arbitris or arbitris remotis; i.e. without witnesses or persons present but with this difference that secreto implies that a person removes himself from witnesses while sine arbitris merely affirms that no witnesses are present and arbitris remotis implies that the witnesses have been removed): occulte (in a hidden manner; opposed to aperte; in occulto in a hidden place; ex occulto from a hidden place; ex insidiis from an ambush): tecte (covertly): latenter (in a hidden manner when we do not perceive how a thing happens): clam (without the knowledge of others; opposed to palam or ante oculos alicujus or coram aliquo; ☞ clanculum is comic): obscure (in the dark; of one who shuns the light): tacite: silentio (in silence without noise; silentio always subjective = without speaking of a matter): furtim (by stealth; of one who desires not to be caught in the act; opposed to palam et libere; Vid: Cic. N.D. 2 63 157): furtive (unobservedly; of one who ivould have what he does not to be seen by others). Latin writers also frequently express “in secret” or “secretly” by sub in composition with verbs to which however they sometimes add clam for emphasis; e.g. to carry away in secret or secretly supportare: to lead away in secret subducere; clam subducere or abducere; furto subducere (e.g. obsides): to withdraw one’s self in secret or secretly se subducere: to rejoice in secret or secretly in sinu gaudere (to laugh in one’s sleeve): to keep anything secret tacitum teuere habere; tacite habere (not to speak of it): secum habere (to keep it to one’s self): tacere reticere (to observe silence): continere (opposed to proferre enunciare; Vid: Cic. De Or. 1 47 in.): celare (to conceal what one ought to make known; opposed to palam facere): to keep a thing secret from anyone celare aliquem aliquid or de re; occulere (opposed to aperire; passive occuli opposed to apparere): occultare occulte ferre (opposed to palam facere): not to keep anything secret aliquid haud occultum habere or tenere; aliquid non obscure ferre; aliquid proferre enunciare (to blab): aliquid prae se ferre: keep this secret I tell you this in secret hoc tibi soli dictum puta; haec tu tecum habeto; hoc tibi in aurem dixerim; arcano tibi ego hoc dixi; hoc lapidi dixerim (☞ not sub rosa tibi hoc dixerim which is not Latin): I can keep nothing secret plenus rimarum sum hac atque illac perfluo (comic ap. Ter. Eun. 1 2 25): a secret order or command *nuncius per litteras secretiores or per notas scriptus (written with secret characters): a secret messenger nuncius clandestinus (a messenger despatched in secret Caes. B.G. 7 64): *nuncius de rebus arcanis missus (that has secret commands).
adj. arcanus (that one keeps hidden or unrevealed): secretus (that one keeps separate): abditus: tectus: occultus (removed from sight: abditus hidden by being put away; tectus by being covered; occultus veiled): ab arbitris liber (free from eye-witnesses; e.g. locus): reconditus: absconditus: abstrusus (deeply hidden abstruse; reconditus of things difficult to reveal absconditus and abstrusus of things altogether unknown): interior (not exposed): latens (that lies in obscurity): clandestinus (that lakes place without the knowledge of another): Tac. (that acts or lakes place without noise or show): furtivus (by stealth). (The words are found in this connection and order.) arcanus et secretus: secretus et arcanus: occultus et abditus: occultus et quasi involutus: reconditus atque abditus: interior et reconditus: abditus et ab arbitris liber (e.g. locus). A secret writing litterae secretiores (the characters ciphers etc): furtivum scriptum (anything written with private characters etc. Gell.): secret power tacita vis (that works in silence; Vid: Quint. 3 5 9 and 9 4 13): occulta vis (that is not observed or known; Vid: Quint. 1 10 7): secret counsel consilia arcana iutenora (private consultations; different from consilia clandestina = secret tricks or artifices; Vid: Nep. Hannib. 2 2): sanctuarium or consistorium priucipis (the place in which the prince held his councils; under the emperors): secret conversations or negotiations occulta colloquia; clandestina colloquia; with anyone cum aliquo: to hold secret consultation with anyone to consult with anyone in secret cum aliquo colloqui arcano (when the subject of consultation is a secret) or secreto (when the parties meet in private; i.e. so that their deliberations are not overheard) or in occulto (when the parties meet secretly; i.e. so that their meeting is not known): to speak with anyone in secret sine arbitris loqui cum aliquo: secret arts artes secretae: in secret (or secretly as an adverb) arcano (so that that which takes place must remain unknown): secreto (not in the presence of unwelcome persons; Vid: Caes. B.G. 1 3]; B.C. 1 19. Nearly = secreto is sine arbitris or arbitris remotis; i.e. without witnesses or persons present but with this difference that secreto implies that a person removes himself from witnesses while sine arbitris merely affirms that no witnesses are present and arbitris remotis implies that the witnesses have been removed): occulte (in a hidden manner; opposed to aperte; in occulto in a hidden place; ex occulto from a hidden place; ex insidiis from an ambush): tecte (covertly): latenter (in a hidden manner when we do not perceive how a thing happens): clam (without the knowledge of others; opposed to palam or ante oculos alicujus or coram aliquo; ☞ clanculum is comic): obscure (in the dark; of one who shuns the light): tacite: silentio (in silence without noise; silentio always subjective = without speaking of a matter): furtim (by stealth; of one who desires not to be caught in the act; opposed to palam et libere; Vid: Cic. N.D. 2 63 157): furtive (unobservedly; of one who ivould have what he does not to be seen by others). Latin writers also frequently express “in secret” or “secretly” by sub in composition with verbs to which however they sometimes add clam for emphasis; e.g. to carry away in secret or secretly supportare: to lead away in secret subducere; clam subducere or abducere; furto subducere (e.g. obsides): to withdraw one’s self in secret or secretly se subducere: to rejoice in secret or secretly in sinu gaudere (to laugh in one’s sleeve): to keep anything secret tacitum teuere habere; tacite habere (not to speak of it): secum habere (to keep it to one’s self): tacere reticere (to observe silence): continere (opposed to proferre enunciare; Vid: Cic. De Or. 1 47 in.): celare (to conceal what one ought to make known; opposed to palam facere): to keep a thing secret from anyone celare aliquem aliquid or de re; occulere (opposed to aperire; passive occuli opposed to apparere): occultare occulte ferre (opposed to palam facere): not to keep anything secret aliquid haud occultum habere or tenere; aliquid non obscure ferre; aliquid proferre enunciare (to blab): aliquid prae se ferre: keep this secret I tell you this in secret hoc tibi soli dictum puta; haec tu tecum habeto; hoc tibi in aurem dixerim; arcano tibi ego hoc dixi; hoc lapidi dixerim (☞ not sub rosa tibi hoc dixerim which is not Latin): I can keep nothing secret plenus rimarum sum hac atque illac perfluo (comic ap. Ter. Eun. 1 2 25): a secret order or command *nuncius per litteras secretiores or per notas scriptus (written with secret characters): a secret messenger nuncius clandestinus (a messenger despatched in secret Caes. B.G. 7 64): *nuncius de rebus arcanis missus (that has secret commands).
s. res arcana secreta occulta recondita [SYN. in SECRET adjective]: res silenda (of which one must not speak): mysterium especially in plur. mysteria (τὰ μυστήρια the celebrated Greek mysteries or secrets; Cic. allows himself to use mysterium general term for a secret only in epistolary style; in De Orat. 3 17 64 he qualifies it by tamquam in the words tacitum tamquam mysterium tenent). Secrets arcana: secreta: occulta: recondita plur. [SYN. in SECRET adjective]: commissa (things intrusted in secret): silenda (concerning which one should be silent; e.g. a secret society; Vid: Liv. 39 11 med.): secrets of the heart animi secreta; occulta pectoris: the secrets of a conspiracy occulta conjurationis: this is no great secret haec res sane non est recondita; hoc in vulgus emanavit (is no longer a secret): something is a secret to me aliquid me non praeterit or me non fugit (☞ there is no sure authority for aliquid mihi or me latet; in Cic. Cat. 7 6 15 and Cic. Sull. 23 65 the best Codices have a different reading; Vid: Orelli): to make a secret no secret of a thing; Vid: To keep not to keep secret in SECRET adjective: I tell you this as a secret [Vid. SECRET adjective sub fin.] : they have no secret between each other nec quidquam secretum alter ab altero habent. To be in the secret scire
secret (adj.):
I. Of places; secluded: apart from men:
1. occultus: in s. places, o. locis (opp. in foro), Pl. Curc. 4, 2, 21: s. paths, o. calles, Virg. Aen. 9, 383.
2. sēcrētus: v.PRIVATE (II.).
3. abdĭtus (hidden, out of the way): to search the s. parts of the earth, abdita terrai scrutari, Lucr. 6, 809: more freq. in sense (II.): v. infr.
4. rĕmōtus (out of the way, retired, sequestered): s. part of a house, r. pars domus, Ov. M. 6, 638 (= penetralia): v.RETIRED , SEQUESTERED .
II. Not seen or known:
1. occultus (most gen. term): to bring the most s. things to light, res occultissimas aperire, in lucemque proferre, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 62. Join: [res] occultae et penitus abditae, id. N. D. 1, 19, 49: occultus atque tectus, id. R. Am. 36.
2. sēcrētus (not so in Cic.): s. lusts, s. libidines, Tac. A. 1, 4, fin. (in same sense, arcanae l., Suet. Tib. 43): Ov.: Lucan.
3. arcānus (esp. of that which is of a nature to demand secrecy; confidential, mysterious,or sacred): anything s. or sacred, (si) quid arcani sanctive, Liv. 23, 22, med.: s. designs, a. consilia, Liv. 35, 18, init. (cf. consilia interiora, Nep. Hann. 2): Cic.
4. abdĭtus (hidden, not outwardly traceable, abstruse): a s. force (in nature), vis quaedam a., Lucr. 5, 1233: Cic.: v. supr. (1).
5. condĭtus, abscondĭtus: v.HIDDEN .
6. tectus (of that which does not show itself openly; opp. to outspoken, frank, plain): cf. Cic. R. Am. 36, 104, paulo occultior et tectior cupiditas (veiled by hypocrisy): v.RESERVED (II.).
7. esp. of voting: tăcĭtus: s. voting, t. suffragia, Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 7. Phr.: in secret, to keep secret: v. foll. artt.
III. Furtive, clandestine:
1. clandestīnus (underhand): s. conferences with the enemy, c. colloquia cum hostibus, Cic. Sen. 12, 40: s. schemes, c. consilia (quite different from arcana consilia, v. supr. II. 3): Caes. B. G. 7, 1, med.: Liv.
2. furtīvus (lit. stolen; hence, done by stealth, unlawfully and secretly enjoyed): s. love, f. amor, Virg. Aen. 4, 171: s. writing (on the head of the slave of Histiaeus), f. scriptum, Gell. 17, 9, fin.: v.STOLEN , STEALTHY .
IV. In special sense; secret writing or characters: nŏtae, arum; Suet. Caes. 56 (per notas scribere, in cipher): they invented this kind of s. writing, hanc scribendi latebram parabant, Gell. 17, 9 cf. ib. ad fin., profunda quaedam et inopinabilis scribendi latebra.
I. Of places; secluded: apart from men:
1. occultus: in s. places, o. locis (opp. in foro), Pl. Curc. 4, 2, 21: s. paths, o. calles, Virg. Aen. 9, 383.
2. sēcrētus: v.
3. abdĭtus (hidden, out of the way): to search the s. parts of the earth, abdita terrai scrutari, Lucr. 6, 809: more freq. in sense (II.): v. infr.
4. rĕmōtus (out of the way, retired, sequestered): s. part of a house, r. pars domus, Ov. M. 6, 638 (= penetralia): v.
II. Not seen or known:
1. occultus (most gen. term): to bring the most s. things to light, res occultissimas aperire, in lucemque proferre, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 62. Join: [res] occultae et penitus abditae, id. N. D. 1, 19, 49: occultus atque tectus, id. R. Am. 36.
2. sēcrētus (not so in Cic.): s. lusts, s. libidines, Tac. A. 1, 4, fin. (in same sense, arcanae l., Suet. Tib. 43): Ov.: Lucan.
3. arcānus (esp. of that which is of a nature to demand secrecy; confidential, mysterious,
4. abdĭtus (hidden, not outwardly traceable, abstruse): a s. force (in nature), vis quaedam a., Lucr. 5, 1233: Cic.: v. supr. (1).
5. condĭtus, abscondĭtus: v.
6. tectus (of that which does not show itself openly; opp. to outspoken, frank, plain): cf. Cic. R. Am. 36, 104, paulo occultior et tectior cupiditas (veiled by hypocrisy): v.
7. esp. of voting: tăcĭtus: s. voting, t. suffragia, Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 7. Phr.: in secret, to keep secret: v. foll. artt.
III. Furtive, clandestine:
1. clandestīnus (underhand): s. conferences with the enemy, c. colloquia cum hostibus, Cic. Sen. 12, 40: s. schemes, c. consilia (quite different from arcana consilia, v. supr. II. 3): Caes. B. G. 7, 1, med.: Liv.
2. furtīvus (lit. stolen; hence, done by stealth, unlawfully and secretly enjoyed): s. love, f. amor, Virg. Aen. 4, 171: s. writing (on the head of the slave of Histiaeus), f. scriptum, Gell. 17, 9, fin.: v.
IV. In special sense; secret writing or characters: nŏtae, arum; Suet. Caes. 56 (per notas scribere, in cipher): they invented this kind of s. writing, hanc scribendi latebram parabant, Gell. 17, 9 cf. ib. ad fin., profunda quaedam et inopinabilis scribendi latebra.
secret, in:
1. clam (unobserved of others): not to deliver up property entrusted to one in s., c. depositum non reddere, Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 17: Caes. Dimin. clanculum, Pl.: Ter.
2. sēcrēto: v.PRIVATELY .
3. arbitris remotis (without eye-witnesses): v.PRIVATELY (Phr.). See also SECRETLY .
1. clam (unobserved of others): not to deliver up property entrusted to one in s., c. depositum non reddere, Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 17: Caes. Dimin. clanculum, Pl.: Ter.
2. sēcrēto: v.
3. arbitris remotis (without eye-witnesses): v.
secret, be or lie: lăteo, ui,
2: v.HIDDEN .
2: v.
secret, keep: cēlo, occulto, etc.: v. TO CONCEAL . Phr.: to keep anything s., aliquid occultum tenere, Sall. Cat. 23: in occulto tenere, Tac. A. 3, 18, extr.: also, in slightly diff. sense, tacitum tenere (to keep a thing to oneself, not to talk about it), Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 64: still again different, continere (to withhold knowledge instead of giving it to the world, proferre), ib. 1, 47, 206: to be kept s. (in addition to pass. of above), clam esse: the matter could not be kept s., nec id clam esse potuit, Liv. 5, 36, med.: Ter.: in which constr. clam may also be used as prep.: the circumstance was kept s. from her father, ea res clam patre fuit, Gell. 2, 23, ad fin.
secret (subs.):
1. res arcāna, and in pl., arcāna, orum (of mysterious or confidential secrets: v.SECRET , adj. II. 3): s.s of the fates, fatorum arcana, Ov. M. 2, 639: Hor. The neut. sing. may also be used (in oblique cases): cf. Hor. Od. 1, 18, extr., arcanique fides prodiga = of what is secret, collect. of secrets.
2. res occulta; n. pl. occulta (applicable to anything hidden or not generally known): Cic. Fin. 2, 26, fin., quicum joca, seria; quicum arcana, occulta omnia [communices].
3. commissum (rare in sing.: a s. entrusted to any one to keep): to keep s.s, c. celare, Nep. Epam. 3: tacere, Hor. S. 1, 4, 84: tegere, id. Ep. 1, 18, 38: opp. to c. enuntiare (to reveal s.s), Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31. Phr.: to keep anything a s., aliquid occultum tenere, etc. (v. preced. art.): it is no s. to me, non me fugit, Cic. Att. 12, 42: also (later), non me latet, Just. 13, 8 (res Eumenem non latuit): I tell you this as a s., hoc tibi soli dictum puta; haec tu tecum habeto; hoc tibi in aurem dixerim; hoc lapidi dixerim (Georg.): tell me--the s. will be safe, [rem] depone tutis auribus, Hor. Od. 1, 27, 18: so, of a person who cannot keep a s., rimosae aures (leaky ears), id. S. 2, 6, 47 (quae rimosa bene deponuntur in aure): cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25, plenus rimarum sum, hac atque illuc perfluo (I can keep nothing a s.): the matter is no longer a s., res palam est, Pl. Aul. 4, 10, 2 (4, 9, 18): jam res emanavit (v.TO GET ABROAD ): he makes no s. of it, neque id occulte fert, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 30: in the s. (party to it), conscius: cf. Sall. Cat. 22, alius alii taciti facinoris conscii (being all alike in the guilty s.): many being in the s., multis consciis, Nep. Dion 8 (v. PARTY TO ).
1. res arcāna, and in pl., arcāna, orum (of mysterious or confidential secrets: v.
2. res occulta; n. pl. occulta (applicable to anything hidden or not generally known): Cic. Fin. 2, 26, fin., quicum joca, seria; quicum arcana, occulta omnia [communices].
3. commissum (rare in sing.: a s. entrusted to any one to keep): to keep s.s, c. celare, Nep. Epam. 3: tacere, Hor. S. 1, 4, 84: tegere, id. Ep. 1, 18, 38: opp. to c. enuntiare (to reveal s.s), Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31. Phr.: to keep anything a s., aliquid occultum tenere, etc. (v. preced. art.): it is no s. to me, non me fugit, Cic. Att. 12, 42: also (later), non me latet, Just. 13, 8 (res Eumenem non latuit): I tell you this as a s., hoc tibi soli dictum puta; haec tu tecum habeto; hoc tibi in aurem dixerim; hoc lapidi dixerim (Georg.): tell me--the s. will be safe, [rem] depone tutis auribus, Hor. Od. 1, 27, 18: so, of a person who cannot keep a s., rimosae aures (leaky ears), id. S. 2, 6, 47 (quae rimosa bene deponuntur in aure): cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25, plenus rimarum sum, hac atque illuc perfluo (I can keep nothing a s.): the matter is no longer a s., res palam est, Pl. Aul. 4, 10, 2 (4, 9, 18): jam res emanavit (v.
σιγάω
σιγάω, be silent; (transitive) keep secret
ἀπόρρητος
forbidden, secret
κρυπτός
hidden, secret
λαθραῖος
secret, covert, clandestine, furtive
in private, in secret
κρυπτάδιος
secret, clandestine
κρυφῇ
secretly, in secret
ἀνάγγελτος
unannounced, secret
σιγάω, be silent; (transitive) keep secret
ἀπόρρητος
forbidden, secret
κρυπτός
hidden, secret
λαθραῖος
secret, covert, clandestine, furtive
appearing fewer than 50 times
κατακρύβδηνin private, in secret
κρυπτάδιος
secret, clandestine
κρυφῇ
secretly, in secret
ἀνάγγελτος
unannounced, secret
occultus
covered up, hidden, concealed, secret
clam
secretly, privately, covertly, in secret
arcanus
secret, trusty, silent
tacitus
passed in silence, not spoken of, kept secret, unmentioned
abditus
hidden, concealed, secret
occulte
in concealment, in secret, secretly, privately
conditus
close, hidden, secret
clandestinus
secret, hidden, concealed, clandestine
concealed, secret, hidden
abstrusus
hidden, concealed, secret
latebrosus
full of lurking-holes, hidden, retired, secret
latens
lying hid, hidden, concealed, secret, unknown
secretum
a hidden thing, mystery, secret
silenda
things not to be spoken, secrets
tacenda
things not to be spoken, secrets
covered up, hidden, concealed, secret
clam
secretly, privately, covertly, in secret
arcanus
secret, trusty, silent
tacitus
passed in silence, not spoken of, kept secret, unmentioned
abditus
hidden, concealed, secret
occulte
in concealment, in secret, secretly, privately
conditus
close, hidden, secret
clandestinus
secret, hidden, concealed, clandestine
appearing fewer than 50 times
absconditusconcealed, secret, hidden
abstrusus
hidden, concealed, secret
latebrosus
full of lurking-holes, hidden, retired, secret
latens
lying hid, hidden, concealed, secret, unknown
secretum
a hidden thing, mystery, secret
silenda
things not to be spoken, secrets
tacenda
things not to be spoken, secrets
secret
Secret
- Entrance to stadium at Olympia: Paus. 6.20.8
- Secret Harbour in Aegina: Paus. 2.29.10, 11
- secret object of worship: Paus. 2.35.8
- secret object on which safety of Messenia depended: Paus. 4.20.4, Paus. 4.26.7ff.
- secret rites in honour of Demeter: Paus. 2.34.10
- secret sacrifices: Paus. 2.17.1, Paus. 3.20.3, Paus. 8.38.7