rota

rota , ae, f.: a wheel, 1.147; (fig.), circle or orbit of time, 6.748.

rŏta, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. ratha, chariot, and Germ. Rad (cf.rotundus), wheel], a wheel.

• I Lit.: pro rotā me uti licet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9 (369); cf.: vorsutior es quam rota figularis, id. Ep. 3, 2, 35 (371): orbes rotarum, Lucr. 6, 551; Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52: axes rotarum, id. 16, 43, 84, § 229: radiata, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15: aurea curvatura summae rotae, Ov. M. 2, 108: aquaria, Cato R. R. 11, 3: ne currente rotā funis eat retro, while the wheel (in a hoisting machine) hurries forward, Hor. C. 3, 10, 10 et saep.—
• • • 2 In partic.
    • • a A potter’s wheel (cf. supra, figularis): amphora coepit Institui: currente rotā cur urceus exit? Hor. A. P. 22; so, Cumana, Tib. 2, 3, 48: Aristarchus invenit rotam figuli, cujus circuitu vasa formantur, Sen. Ep. 90, 31.—
      • b A wheel for torture (τροχός, among the Greeks): in rotam beatam vitam non escendere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 24: cervicem circumactu rotae frangere, Sen. Ep. 70, 23; Ap. Met. 3, 9, 1; 10, 10, 16; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1011.—Ixion’s wheel, Tib. 1, 3, 74; Verg. G. 4, 484; id. A. 6, 616; Sen. Herc. Fur. 750 et saep.—
      • c A roller: aliquid subjectis rotis traicere, Front. 1, 5, 7: propellere, Tac. H. 4, 23; Vitr. 10, 13, 2.—
  • B Poet., transf.
  • • 1 (Pars pro toto.) A car, chariot: si rota defuerit, tu pede carpe viam, Ov. A. A. 2, 230; cf. (opp. pedibus) id. M. 1, 448; so Prop. 1, 2, 20; 2, 25 (3, 20), 26; 4 (5), 10, 42: subdiderat rotas, Verg. A. 12, 675; Ov. M. 2, 139; 312; 3, 150. —Of the span of horses: Cynthia fraternis afflata rotis, Sil. 4, 483.—
    • 2 Of things in the shape of a wheel or disk.
    • • a The disk of the sun: solis rota, Lucr. 5, 432; 564; cf.: flammea Phoebi, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1022; and simply rota, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 18, 36 fin.; Val. Fl. 3, 559.—
      • b A kind of sea-fish, Plin. 9, 4, 3, § 8; 32, 11, 53, § 144.—
• II Trop., a wheel: fortunae rotam pertimescere, i. e. fickleness, inconstancy, Cic. Pis. 10, 22; cf.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae, Tib. 1, 5, 70; Prop. 2, 8, 8 (10); Tac. Or. 23; Amm.26, 8, 13.—Poet.: imparibus vecta Thalia rotis, i. e. in elegiac metre, Ov. A. A. 1, 264; so, disparibus (elegorum) rotis, id. P. 3, 4, 86: jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor, vorsor in amoris rotā miser, on the rack of love (cf. I. A. 2. b. supra), Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 4 (206).

rota, ae, f. (altind. rátha-ḥ), das Rad, I) eig.: 1) im allg., vom Wagenrad, r. radiata, Varro: rota carri, Vulg.: orbes rotarum, Lucr. u. Plin.: axes rotarum, Plin.: vehiculum duarum rotarum, quattuor rotarum, Isid.: vehiculum altissimarum rotarum, Isid.: rotis plaustrorum teri (v. Getreide), Hieron. – v. Maschinenrad, r. aquaria, Cato u.a.: r. exhauritoria, Schöpfrad, Isid. gloss.: ne currente retro funis eat rotā, daß nicht, während das Rad vorwärts eilt, das Seil zurückschnellt, Hor. – 2) insbes.: a) das Rad = Folterrad der Griechen (griech. τροχός), in rotam ascendere, Cic.: membra praebere rotae, Sen. poët.: u. oft v. Rade des Ixion, Verg. u.a.: u. so rota orbis Ixionii, das kreisende Rad, der Umlauf des Rades, Verg. – b) das Rad der Töpfer, die Töpferscheibe, rota figuli, Sen. u.a.: rota figularis, Plaut.: rota figulina, Cael. Aur.: rota Cumana, Tibull.: currente rotā cur urceus exit? Hor. – c) die Rolle zum Fortschieben einer Last, alqd subiectis rotis (auf R.) traicere, Frontin. 1, 5, 7, propellere, Tac. hist. 4, 23: basim subiectis rotis (auf R.) facere, Vitr. 10, 13, 2. – II) übtr.: 1) das Rad am Wagen, meton. (bei Dicht.) a) = der Wagen selbst, pedibusve rotāve, Ov.: so auch Plur. rotae, Verg. u. Ov.: rotae leves, Verg.: rota Luciferi, Sonnenwagen, Tibull. – b) = die Pferde, Cynthia fraternis afflata rotis, Sil. 4, 483. – 2) von einem kreisförmigen Körper, bes. die Sonnenscheibe (griech. δίσκος), solis rota, Lucr. 5, 432: solis maior rota, Lucr. 5, 564: rota solis, Apul. met. 9, 28. Mythrogr. Lat. 3, 10. no. 10: – 3) der Kreis, gleichs. die Bahn, die ein Rad beschreibt, septima, die siebente Umfahrt im Zirkus, Prop.: anni, Kreislauf, Sen. – 4) ein Seefisch, das Rad, Plin. 9, 8. – III) bildl.: 1) vom Wechsel, von der Unbeständigkeit, des Glückes, fortunae rota, Cic.: versatur celeri fors levis orbe rotae, Tibull.: der Liebe, versor in amoris rota, auf der Liebesfolter, Plaut.: vinceris aut vincis; haec in amore rota est, Prop.: Fortunae volucris rota, adversa prosperis semper alternans, Amm. – 2) von dem ungleichen Versmaß (Hexameter u. Pentameter) der Elegie, rotae impares, dispares, Ov. art. am. 1, 264; ex Pont. 3, 4, 86.

1 rota v. rosa

2 rota [CL] 1 wheel (for locomotion of vehicle): a (of cart or barrow); b (of plough or harrow); c (of siege engine); d (w. ref. to IV Reg. ii 11); e (in fig. context). a plaustrum in similitudine arcae ~as habens intus GlC P 481; 1221 non debent de jure teloneum capere de carectis novis ‥ nec ‥ de ~is nisi sint venales SelPlCrown 91; 1278 in ij paribus ~arum ad carectas [et] ij paribus ~arum ad carros de novo emptis, predictis ~as ad carectas cum veteri ferro ligandis Ac. Stratton 93; 1389 J. fugavit j carectam cum ij equis et ‥ per infortunium cessidit de ‥ carrecta et ~a transit super collum SelCCoron 95; 1443 Johanni Whelewright pro j car’ cum ~is v s. Comp. Dom. Buck. 35; c1460 pro ij sennevectoriis cum ~is emptis ad ponendum carbones ibidem (MinAc) VCH Durh II 325.  b c1289 in j pari ~arum ad herc’, j d. ob. (Elverton) Ac. Man. Cant.; debent querere ~as aratorum apud Cantuariam Reg. S. Aug. 79.  c hoc machinamentum ‥ moram obsidioni dedit ‥ . turrim ‥ compaginatam ~arum volubilitate muro pene conjunxere W. Malm. GR IV 367; s1098 turri lignea super quatuor ~as ducta et aliis ingeniis debellaverant eam H. Hunt. HA VII 16; in scalis ~is provehendis et aliis invisis ordinacionibus Ps.-Elmh. Hen. V 42.  d hec duo, conjuncti pudor et pena, sunt ~e [ME: hweoles] Elye ignee ipsum ferentes in paradisum AncrR 138.  e ~am ‥ dicit nativitatis nostrae incessabilem vitae temporalis procursum quo a die nativitatis usque ad mortem velut semper currente ~a curruli incessanter agimur Bede Ep. Cath. 205; quatuor sunt regule divine scripture, quibus quatuor quasi quibusdam ~is tota divina pagina volvitur S. Langton General. prol. 191; erigat ‥ pia tenuem manus ergo carectam, / ut mea sincero currat in axe rota Gower VC III prol. 64. 2 wheel or structure having wheel as its essential part: a (water-mill); b (horse-mill); c (fulling mill); d (spinning wheel); e (potter's wheel, used in phil. discussions of time after Aug. Conf. XI 23). a rota per girum quam trudit machina limphae Aldh. Aen. 48 (Vertico poli) 8; puerum ‥ raptum impetu decurrentis aque subter ~am molendini W. Cant. Mir. Thom. IV 3; s1256 videres ‥ ~as molendinorum ab axibus avulsas M. Par. Maj. V 561; 1297 ~as aquaticas reficiendas ‥ per x dies v s. Ac. Cornw 193; 1435 factura unius nove ~e interioris ‥ et purgacione aqueductus retro molend’ x s. Ac. Durh. 624.  b 1242 oppressus fuit ‥ per ~am molendini equitarii AssizeR Durh 30.  c 1322 in ~a molendini fuller’ de novo vestienda cum bord’ de meremio domini MinAc 1145/21 m. 3.  d 1364 Johannes Coupere cepit pro ~a fili xiiij d. ubi non debet capere nisi xij d. Proc. J. P. 372; 1372 sunt filiatrices ad ~am (v. filatrix 1); 1390 unam ~am manualem vocatam [spynnynggwele] PlRCP 519 r. 499; ~am filatoriam Rec. Leic. II 175; 1410 de ij ~is pro filacione DCCant. DE/53; una ~a filabilis valet iij d. Rec. Nott. III 72.  e quia tempus non consideratur in talibus nisi sicut totus fluxus simul ut ~a figuli Ps.-Gros. Gram. 48; si celum staret et moveretur ~a figuli, esset tempus in motu ~e ut in subjecto Peckham QA 43. 3 wheel or roller, circular or cylindrical piece of wood or metal as part of machine: a pulley or lifting gear; b (for drawing water); c (for turning spit). d part of clock. e bell-wheel, wheel for ringing a bell in a bell-tower. f wheel set with bells for ringing at the Canon of the Mass. a 1345 submagister operis fabrice ‥ dicit quod ‥ ~e existentes in occidentali parte ecclesie sunt putride Fabr. York 163; 1384 in xviij estlandbordis sarratis et operatis circa ~am feretri Ac. Durh. 425.  b gelida cisternae limpha, quam anthlia, hoc est ~a hauritoria [gl.: hledtrendle, hweowla] exanthlamus Aldh. VirgP 9; ant[h]lia, ~a hauritoria GlC A 567; 1237 affidaverunt pro xiij li. xij s. et iiij d. positis in operacione unius domus cum ~a erect’ supra puteum KR Mem 12 m. 4; [canes aquarii] ~ae amplioris circumactu, aquam ex altis puteis ad usus rusticos hauriunt Caius Can. f. 8.  c canes ‥ in officio culinario, cum assandum est, inserviant et ~a minore gradiendo verua circumagant Caius Can. f. 9b.  d modus ‥ faciendi tale horologium talis esset quod homo faceret unum circulum equalis ponderis ‥ . postea quod appendatur pondus plumbeum axi ipsius ~e Rob. Angl. (II) 180; habita ~a certi numeri dencium, unam aliam ~am invenire que habeat quotlibet dentes equales dentibus ~e date Wallingf. Horol. 444.  e 1348 pro meremio ad ~as campanarum sarrando KR Ac 462/16 f. 5; 1427 pro factura ferramenti ~arum dictarum campanarum Ac. Churchw. Bath 37; 1447 pro les hoopes, gojons, plates, et aliis necessariis ferri pro les axiltre magne ~e in campanili ij s. viij d. Fabr. York 63; 1470 Johanni Smyth ad emend’ rotam secunde campane Ac. Churchw. Sal. 13.  f praeterea fecit ‥ Athelwoldus quandam ~am tintinnabulis plenam, quam auream nuncupavit Chr. Abingd. I 345; 1368 campane manuales et j ~a campanis plena Invent. Norw. 71. 4 wheel for torment or punishment. contrita rotis extollit vipera cephal Aldh. VirgV 1016; ad ~am damnatus [sc. Ixion] dicitur, quod ~e vertigo que superiora sunt statim dejicit Alb. Lond. DG 4. 6; imponatur ~e versatili, cui similes sui sunt imponendi, deducatur ad loca penalia J. Furness Walth. 102; captos capite plecti ac deinceps in ~as aerias Saxonum more, ubi corvos pascant ‥ attolli jussit Boece f. 284. 5 (unspec. w. ref. to Biblical text): a (Psalm. lxxxii 14); b (Prov. xx 26); c (Ezech. i 15–21). a quando eos ponet Deus ut ~am et sicut stipulam ante faciem venti et sicut flamma comburens montes Gosc. Edith 284.  b eis ‥ ~am malorum rex sapiens impiorum ventilator immittit P. Blois Ep. 14. 46C.  c de Ezechiele et ~is. ‥ cum divinarum cernit secreta rotarum Vers. Worc. 104. 6 (transf.) wheel-shaped object, circle, ring, or disk: a iris (of eye). b disk or sphere of earth or celestial body, or the world. c earring. d part of chandelier. e part of quintain. f disk used as screen. g symbol on a papal charter, a circle divided into quadrants bearing the names of Peter, Paul, the pope, the year of his reign, and a motto. a pupilli ‥ adjunctis rimarum ~arum lineis fuscantur Gildas EB 17.  b solis splendor triquadram mundi ~am [gl.: i. circulum, þæne wiþerdæledan trendel, ~a dicta quod ruat et rotundum a ~a vocatum] ‥ illustrare credatur Aldh. VirgP 9; Phoebi ‥ rotam Wulf. Swith. I 392; considerantes itaque philosophi planetarum ~as, ~arum deinde circumferentias, ~asque in signa, signa in gradus ‥ dividentes Adel. Elk. 3; de quantitate ~e solis Ib. 30; estivali Clarius sublimatus rota / estuat vicinius vi caloris tota P. Blois Carm. 5. 1. 1; rotam solarem nebula non abscondet; / perfecta videbitur rota lunaris J. Howd. Cant. 218.  c 11‥ ~a, eahringas WW Sup. 335.  d pendente magna desuper aerea ~a cum lampadibus Bede HE V 16; 1313 in ferrament’ j ~e super volturam chori causa corone pendend’ in choro fabricand’ Fabr. Exon. 66; 1448 pro adimplecione ~e de certis personis ‥ pro candela de ~a Ac. Churchw. Som 89.  e 1236 precipimus ut ‥ prohibeatis ‥ arietum supra ligna et ~as elevaciones (v. elevatio 4b).  f sanctus pater ab angelis reductus ad eos descendit. vitrea ~a vultui suo apposita per quam deinceps videns non videbatur (Boecius 17) VSH I 92.  g istis firma datur Rome rota juris ibidem, / bullis signatur Elmh. Cant. 92. 7 (as symbol of change, progress, passage of time); b (as wheel of fortune); c (representation of wheel of fortune, as decoration); d (alch., w. ref. to series of operations). in nostram linguam ‥ convertit ‥ de libris [v. l. adds ~arum] Isidori episcopi excerptiones Cuthb. Ob. Baedae clxii; ~a temporis referente annuum regni spatium W. Malm. GR IV 373; licet autem sit membrum modicum [sc. lingua], ~am humane nativitatis succendit J. Sal. Met. 865D; non stabiliter ‥ propter ~am volubilis mundi Lucian Chester 41.  b alta pace et multo tempore ‥ rerum perfunctus et novissime a subjectis occisus fortune ~am volvit W. Malm. GR I 79; qui per arma ‥ regnum affectant, subito elevantur et ‥ deprimuntur, sicut ~a que stabile non habet cacumen Alb. Lond. DG 4. 6; fortunam fugitivam sequens et ~e volubilitati multum confidens Gir. EH I 1; volvitur interea fortune ~a Ib. I 5; nota ~e fallacis fortunam Ad. Usk 32 in marg.; quam labilis et mutabilis sit fortuna, que vos gloriosissime collocavit in apice sue ~e Dictamen 357.  c 1417 lego ‥ lectum meum de rubeo worstede embrouderato cum ~is fortune Reg. Cant. II 132.  d aurum potabile ‥ ex auro elementato artificioso, circumducto per ~am philosophie Ripley 172. 8 (transf.) spinning or whirling motion. turbin[a]e, rota[e] ventorum GlC T 337. 9 name of papal auditorium, ‘rote’. b name of papal court. s1111 in Argentea Porta receptus est rex ab episcopis et cardinalibus et ‥ ad mediam ~am ductus est et ibi recepit secundam orationem a Portuensi episcopo W. Malm. GR V 423.  b 1447 item conclusiones ~e, secundo folio ‘post publicas’ item decreta sanctorum patrum MunAcOx 767; c1450 in pape capellanum ‥ ipsius et ~e consiliis ‥ extitit sublimatus Ad. Usk 75; de ~a Lyndw. 78h (v. dominus 5b); 1529 destinatum locum in ~a praefato domino Sylvestro assignare ‥ velit (Lit. Regis) Mon. Hib. & Scot. 563b; 1541 in sacro ~e Romane curie auditorio Melrose 601.

rŏta, (9) æ, f. , ¶ 1 roue : Lucr. 6, 551 ; Plin. 16, 229 ; Varro R. 3, 5, 15 || [de machine] : Cato Agr. 11, 3 ; Hor. O. 3, 10, 10 ¶ 2 [en part.] a) roue de potier : Hor. P. 22 ; Sen. Ep. 90, 31 ; Tib. 2, 3, 48 ; b) roue [instrument de supplice] : in rotam escendere Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, monter sur la roue, cf. Sen. Ep. 70, 23 || la roue dʼIxion : Virg. G. 3, 484 ; En. 6, 616 ; Tib. 1, 3, 74 ; c) rouleau : Tac. H. 4, 23 ; Vitr. Arch. 10, 13, 2 ¶ 3 [fig.] a) char : Ov. M. 1, 448 ; Prop. 1, 2, 20 ; rotæ impares Ov. Ars 1, 264, roues inégales du char de Thalie [distique élégiaque] ; b) disque du soleil : Lucr. 5, 432 ; c) sorte de poisson de mer : Plin. 9, 8 ; 32, 144 ¶ 4 roue [symbole de lʼinstabilité] : fortunæ Cic. Pis. 22, la roue de la fortune, cf. Tib. 1, 5, 70 ; Prop. 2, 8, 8.

rota , ae. f.
輪。刑類。車。獐類。— fortunae 造化之改變。

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rota ae, f

• 2 AR-, a wheel: aurea summae Curvatura rotae, O.: Ne currente retro funis eat rotā, while the wheel hurries forward, H.—A potter's wheel: currente rotā cur urceus exit?H.— A wheel for torture: in rotam beatam vitam non escendere: Ixionii rota orbis, V.—A car, chariot: Si rota defuerit, tu pede carpe viam, O.: Subdiderat rotas, V.: croceis invecta rotis Aurora, O.— Fig., a wheel: fortunae, i. e. fickleness: imparibus vecta Thalia rotis, i. e. in elegiac metre, O.: disparibus (elegorum) rotis, O.

ROTA

ROTAThe various kinds of wheels are described under CURRUS, MACHINA, MOLA, TYMPANUM; and the rota aquaria for raising water under ANTLIA: but, as regards the last, it is necessary to add a few words in explanation of the cut here given, showing the portion of an actual Roman water-wheel, lately (1889) acquired by the British Museum. It was found in the Rio Tinto mines in the south of Spain, which were worked by the Romans for silver and copper: its excellent preservation, though entirely of wood, and perhaps dating from the time of Nero, is accounted for by the action of the cupreous water with which it was saturated. The water was taken up in the boxes at the outer circumference (which are covered, but with an opening at the side) and discharged into a trough, when the wheel had nearly completed its half-revolution. The water is then lifted into a channel about fifteen feet above the original level: another wheel (or pair of wheels, for they are found in pairs) then raises it to a higher channel, and so by a succession of stages it is removed from the mine. The wheels were probably turned by slaves by means of ropes, of which some remains have been found attached to the wheels, and in such a position that they could be worked with the feet, as a treadle, as well as with the hands (Stevenson in Archaeologia Aeliana, 7.279). As was stated under ANTLIAVitruvius describes three kinds of water wheels (10.4): this kind is not exactly like any of the three, but is an improvement upon No. 2 (that with the modioli attached), because that wheel could only raise water to a height equal to half its diameter, whereas the wheel shown in this article could raise it to a height nearly equal to the whole diameter, which in this example is little short of fifteen feet.

[G.E.M]

Rota

A wheel. See antlia; currus; mola; tympanum.