sacer

insula Delus Apollinis sacra est
the island of Delos is sacred to Apollo

sacer , sacra, sacrum: (adj.), set apart, consecrated, holy, sacred, 2.167, et al.; consecrated to, priest of, 6.484; devoted to the infernal gods; damned, accursed, 5.57.

săcer, să_cra, să_crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.: sacres porci, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16 (288); id. Rud. 4, 6, 4 (1208); Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. σάος, σῶος, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = ἱερός (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.: quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur, Macr. S. 3, 7: sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt, Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

• I In gen.
• • • • • α Absol.: quicquam (opp. profanum), Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27 (361); id. Trin. 2, 2, 8 (283); cf.: aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so, locus sacer et profanus, id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38: miscebis sacra profanis, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6: villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis, Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61: mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37 (1044): (legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris, Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.: deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti, Ov. H. 9, 159: aedes, Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5 (1013); Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315: lucus late sacer, Verg. A. 5, 761: arvum Martis, Ov. M. 7, 101: ara, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20 (606): aurum, Liv. 5, 50; cf. pecunia (opp. privata), Quint. 4, 2, 8: arma, Liv. 24, 21: tus, Ov. M. 14, 130: sanguis (of the sacrificial victim), Cat. 68, 75: ales (so called from its use in augury), Verg. A. 11, 721: luces (with profestae), Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf. dies (with religiosus), Suet. Tib. 61: tempus, Hor. C. S. 4: commissum, a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so, laurus, id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60: robur, Ov. M. 8, 752: aqua, Hor. C. 1, 1, 22: fontes, Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53: focus, Hor. Epod. 2, 43: Tarentum, id. C. 1, 28, 29: fines, Sil. 3, 501; cf. montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men), id. 4, 70; vates (because dedicated to Apollo), Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.: sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus, Hor. A. P. 391; and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta, Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so, Cybebe, id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti; v. the context).—Sacer Mons, a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54: os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or (poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5; v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus, the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: sacer lapis, a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. ἱερὸν ὀστέον, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24: litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.), the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—
        • β With gen. (class.): ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38 (936); so, urna Veneris, id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (473) (for which: urna Veneria, id. ib. 2, 5, 18 (475)): Dianae celebris dies, Hor. C. 2, 12, 20: sepulcrum Batti veteris, Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Γῆ ἱερὰ πάντων θεῶν), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45: illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur, id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—
        • γ With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus, Ov. M. 7, 623: esculus Jovi sacra, Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11: Nymphis cervus, Ov. M. 10, 109: Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest), Verg. A. 6, 484: pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum, Tac. A. 15, 53: cupressus Diti sacra, Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139: aesculus Jovi, id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate: Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus, Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—
  • B Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare): silentium, Hor. C. 2, 13, 29: laedere amantes, Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11: lingua (Ciceronis), Mart. 5, 69, 7: Maro, id. 8, 56, 3: quaedam patris memoria, Quint. 11, 1, 59: O sacer et magnus vatum labor, Luc. 9, 983: heu sacri vatum errores, Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors; disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit, Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use: auris Caesaris, Mart. 7, 99, 4: sacri lateris custos, id. 6, 76, 1: apud aures sacras mentitus est, Amm.28, 6, 26 (cf.: se Imperatori mentitum, id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.
• II In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.
• • • • • α With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7: non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc., Macr. S. 3, 7.—
        • β Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609; in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc. ... is intestabilis et sacer esto, Hor. S. 2, 3, 181: eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri, Liv. 3, 55.—
  • B Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
  • • • a Of persons: ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14 (783); Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.—Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67 (951): homo sacerrimus, id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69 (157); Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —
      • b Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30: di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum, Cat. 14, 12: hircus alarum, id. 71, 1: auri fames, Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which: aurum fame, Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6: venenum (Medeae), Val. Fl. 7, 165: nox, id. 8, 25: arma metu, id. 4, 185; cf. pavor, id. 1, 798: insania, Stat. Th. 10, 804: morbus, i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.: ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor, Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: să_crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, β; class.; most freq. in plur.).
  • A Lit.
  • • • • α Sing.: sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: ubi sacro manus sis admolitus, Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24 (568): omne sacrum rapiente dextrā, Hor. C. 3, 3, 52: metuens velut contingere sacrum, id. S. 2, 3, 110: apud Cluacinae sacrum, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10 (471); Quint. 1, 4, 6: Minervae, Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.: theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus, Quint. 3, 8, 29: quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55: sacrum Herculi facere, Liv. 1, 7: facere Junoni, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43: facto per Magos sacro, Suet. Ner. 34: sollemne sacrum conficere, Flor. 1, 13, 16: ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia), Quint. 1, 5, 67: arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit, Liv. 41, 12: sacrum piaculare fieri, id. 29, 19: sollemne Apollinis sacrum, Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33: pyrā sacri sub imagine factā, id. ib. 14, 80: nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum, Phaedr. 4, 11, 13: neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro, according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.: vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae, Hor. C. 3, 2, 26: morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150: in sacro est, id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—
        • β Plur.: sacra deosque penates .. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40: sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris, Ov. M. 2, 713: Troïa, Tib. 2, 5, 40: velut qui Junonis sacra ferret, Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf. of the same, Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158: cumque suis penetralia sacris, i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287: jactata aequoribus sacra, Hor. C. 4, 4, 54: pueri Sacra canunt, sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19: sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur, sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11: neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit, Sall. C. 22, 2: qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which: sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur, id. ib. 2, 4, 57, § 128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit, id. Rep. 2, 14, 26: (Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit, Liv. 1, 7; cf.: sacra Jovi facturus erat, Ov. M. 3, 26: sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere, Verg. A. 4, 638: ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat, Liv. 1, 20: densi circumstant sacra ministri, Ov. M. 2, 717: arcana sacra, Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436: fera, id. ib. 13, 454: nefanda, id. ib. 10, 228: mystica, id. H. 2, 42: horrida, Sil. 3, 140: veneranda, id. 7, 382: casta, Stat. Ach. 1, 370.
      • a Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52: quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis, Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13: quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum, id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so, religio sacrorum, id. Fl. 28, 69: sacra Cereris conficere, id. Balb. 24, 55; so, Cereris, Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, α fin.): Eleusina, Suet. Claud. 23: Junonis, Hor. S. 1, 3, 11: Orphica, rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58: Bacchia, Ov. M. 3, 518: trieterica Bacchi, id. ib. 6, 587: Dianae, id. ib. 7, 94; 15, 489: Isidis, Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—
      • b The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care): sacra privata perpetua manento, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47: an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet? Liv. 5, 52: ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret, Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48: docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi, id. ib. 2, 20, 49: magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia, id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.: ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit, Liv. 4,2: sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt, Cic. Mur. 12, 27: sacrorum alienatio, id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.: sacrum familiare, Macr. S. 1, 16: nuptialia, marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28; called also jugalia, Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—
      • c Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses): mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19: vatum, Pers. prol. 7: Maronis, Mart. 7, 63, 5. —
    • 2 Prov.
    • • a Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84 (616); cf.: inter sacrum et saxum positus, Ap. Met. 11, 28, 7.—
      • b Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8 (775), and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83 (484); cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—
  • B Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare): sacra tori coitusque novos referebam, Ov. M. 7, 709: peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes, Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.: omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt, id. 5, 13, 60): litterarum colere, id. 10, 1, 92: studiorum profanare, Tac. Or. 11.

sacer, cra, crum (sancio), einem Gotte geheiligt, gewidmet, heilig, I) adi.: A) im allg.: a) mit Dat. u. Genet.: mensis sacer manibus, Ov.: aesculus sacra Iovi, Plin.: sacrum deae pecus, Liv.: sacrum Soli id animal, Tac.: Cereri sacer Polyphoetes, Priester der Ceres, Verg.: eius partem decumam Apollini sacram esse, Liv.: m. Genet., anseres sacri Iunonis, Liv.: pietatis sacrum, Inscr.: illa insula eorum deorum sacra putatur, Cic. – übtr., pugionem magno operi sacrum, geweiht (= bestimmt), Tac. – b) absol.: sacrae aedes, Cic.: aedificia (Ggstz. aed. profana), Cic.: lucus, Curt.: signa, Cic.: litterae, die heilige Schrift, Bibel, Eccl.: ignis, Curt.: fontes, amnes, Ov.: ius (Ggstz. publicum, privatum), Quint.; vgl. iura sacerrima lecti, heiligsten, dah. unverbrüchlichsten, Ov.: foedus, Curt.: pecunia (Ggstz. p. privata), Quint.: vates (weil dem Apollo heilig), Hor.: sacra profanaque omnia polluere, Sall. – poet. v. der Gottheit selbst, Vesta, Cybele, Prop. (und bei Liv. 3, 19, 10 im Wortspiel ut sacrosancti [hochheilig] habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri [hoch] neque sancti [heilig] sunt). – üotr., heilig, ehrfurchtsvoll, ehrwürdig, lingua (des Cirero), Mart.: Maro, Mart.: memoria patris, Quint.: sacerrima eloquentia, Sen. rhet. – bes. in bezug auf den Kaiser, sacrā Caesaris aure, Mart.: occupationes, Suet.: dah. später = kaiserlich übh., constitutiones, ICt.: auditio, spät. ICt. – endlich als stehendes Beiwort gewisser Örtlichkeiten u. Ggstde., wie: sacer mons, der heilige Berg, ein alleinstehender Hügel im Sabinischen, 4 km nordöstlich von Rom, am rechten Ufer des Anio, Liv. 2, 32, 2; vgl. Fest. p. 318 (b), 20. – sacra via, die heilige Straße, eine Straße in Rom, beim sacellum Streniae beginnend, auf der Burg endigend, Cic. Planc. 17. Hor. sat. 1, 9, 1: bei Dicht. auch sacer clivus, Hor. carm. 4, 2, 35. Mart. 1, 70, 5 (s. das weitere bei Jordan Topographie Roms 1, 2. S. 274 ff.). – os sacrum, das heilige Bein (griech. ἱερον ὀστέον), als anatom. t. t., Cael. Aur. de morb. chron. 1, 4, 24. – mare sacrum, das große Weltmeer, Cael. Aur. de morb. acut. 2, 30, 162: dass. sacer Oceanus, Sen. suas. 1, 4. – B) insbes., einer unterirdischen Gottheit zur Vernichtung geweiht, ihr als Opfer verfallen, dah. verflucht, verwünscht, a) als t. t. der Religionsspr.: α) m. Dat.: eius caput Iovi (sc. Stygio) sacrum esset, altes Plebiszit bei Liv.: sac os esse certis dis, Macr. – β) absol.: eum, qui eorum cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri, Liv. – b) übtr., übh. verflucht, verwünscht, verabscheut, abscheulich, α) m. Dat.: homo, sacra res homini, Sen. ep. 95, 33. – β) absol.: ego sum sacer, scelestus, Plaut.: unus istic servus est sacerrimus, Plaut.: is intestabilis et sacer esto, Hor. – auri sacra fames, Verg.: hircus alarum, Catull.: venenum, magisches, geheimes, Val. Flacc.: passio, die Fallsucht, Epilepsie, Cael. Aur. de morb. chron. 1, 4, 60: ignis, s. īgnis.

II) subst., sacrum, ī, n., etw. Heiliges, Geweihtes, A) der heilige, geweihte Gegenstand, das Heiligtum, a) eig.: Cloacinae sacrum, Plaut.: sacrum clepere, rapere, Cic.: sacrum (Opfer) accendere, Phaedr.: sacrum (Opfer) id Vulcano cremare, Liv. – Plur., α) die Heiligkeit, regni, der Königswürde, Nipperd. Tac. ann. 2, 27. – β) Heiligtümer, heilige Geräte u. dgl., sacra ex aedibus suis eripuisse, Cic.: sacra omnia proferre, Auct. b. Alex.: cumque suis penetralia sacris, Götterbildnissen, Penaten, Ov.: sacra in mensa penatium deorum ponere, Opfergaben, Opfer, Naev. fr.: persaepe (incedebat) velut qui Iunonis sacra ferret, oft schritt er so bedächtig einher, wie einer, der beim Junofest die heiligen Geräte trägt, Hor. sat. 1, 3, 10 sq. – b) poet. übtr., v. Dichtungen, die Heiligtümer (der Musen), sacra caelestia, Ov.: sacra Maronis, Mart.: vatum, Pers. – B) der heilige Gebrauch, die heilige, gottesdienstliche Handlung, Feier, bes. das Opfer, a) eig.: Graeco sacro, nach griech. Religionsgebrauch, Cic.: morientibus operire oculos... sacrum est, Plin.: ebenso fabacia in sacro est, Plin. – sacrum (Opfer) facere Herculi, Liv., Iunoni, Prop.: sacra facere Graeco Herculi, Liv., Iovi, Ov.: plurima sacra obire, Liv.: sacris operari, Liv.: perpetrato sacro in monte (Albano), Liv. – sollemne Apollinis sacrum (Gottesdienst), Suet.: Cereris sacrum arcanae, Hor.: u. so Plur. sacra oft übh. Gottesdienst, gottesdienstl. Feier, sacrorum religio, Cic.: sacra Orphica, Cic., Eleusina, Suet.: sacra Cereris, Cic.: sacra arcana, Hor.: Romana sacra suscipere, Liv.: ea sacra, quae maiores nostri ab exteris nationibus adscita atque arcessita coluerunt, Cic.: Romanis quoque ab eodem prodigio novemdiale sacrum susceptum est, Liv. – u. v. Privatgottesdienste der Geschlechter (gentes) u. Familien (familiae), von den Römern mit äußerster Sorgfalt bewahrt u. selbst vom Staate überwacht (so daß immer der Vermögenserbe u. der Adoptierte die sacra übernehmen mußten), sacra gentilicia (Ggstz. publica sacra), Liv.: sacra interire maiores noluerunt, Cic.: isdem uti sacris, Cic.: sacra nuptialia, Vermählungsfeierlichkeiten, Quint.: dass. sacra iugalia, Ov. – Sprichw., inter sacrum (Opfer) saxumque (Kieselstein, mit dem der Fetial das Opfertier tötete) sto, das Messer steht mir an der Kehle, Plaut. capt. 617: u. so quod ait vetus proverbium, inter sacrum ac saxum positus cruciabar, Apul. met. 11, 28. – hereditas sine sacris, eine Erbschaft ohne (mit vielen Kosten u. Mühen verknüpfte) Familiensakra = großer Vorteil ohne Kosten, -ohne Mühe, Plaut. capt. 775; trin. 484. – b) übtr., der Geheimdienst, die Mysterien = die Geheimnisse, sacra tori, Ov. – bes. der Wissenschaften, litterarum sacra colere, Quint.: sacra studiorum profanare, Tac. dial.

➳ vulg. Nomin. sacrus, Not. Vatic. im Corp. gramm. ed. Keil. IV. p. 308 a. E. – arch. Nbf. nach der 3. Dekl., in der Opfersprache, in der Verbindung sacrem porcum, angef. b. Fest. p. 318 (a), 7 u. Plur. porci sacres, Plaut. Men. 289; rud. 1208. Varro r. r. 2, 1, 20 u. 2, 4, 16.

1 sacer [CL] 1 consecrated to God or to a god; b (of a race, order, or group); c (of person, body or part of it, life, or some aspect of it); d (of a consecrated building); e (of an altar or font); f (of ritual object or offering). ~ra orgia, edmelu GlC S 107.  b patriarchae primo, qui gentis germina sacrae / et sobolem stirpemque rudem genuere nepotum Aldh. VirgV 2879; egregii patris Berhwaldi corpus humatum / tumba tenet praesens, more sacrum solito Epigr. Milredi 810; moenibus Euboricae habitans tu sacra juventus Alcuin Carm. 59. 10; saepius ipse [sc. hostis] fugit sacrae formidine plebis Æthelwulf Abb. 420; in hoc Libano nostro, in hoc ~ro monachorum conventu G. Hoyland Serm. 153C; rex ‥ hoc votum suum et desiderium ‥ ~ro metropolitane ecclesie conventui ‥ injunxit H. Bos. Thom. III 1.  c monachus vel ~ra virgo fornicationem faciens, vij annos peniteat Theod. Pen. I 8. 6; Samson ille Nazareus ab ipsa gracillima cunabulorum aetatula Domino septenis crinibus ~er Aldh. VirgP 53; vovit quia ‥ filiam suam Domino ~ra virginitate dicandam offerret Bede HE III 24 p. 177; has inter fuerat sacrarum cella sororum Alcuin WillV 21. 5; conspice Cuthbertum ‥ / ‥ / vir sacer a puero L. Durh. Hypog. 69; pius protector pauperum omni petenti tribue, malos potenter argue, manusque ~as ablue a sordidorum muneris contagio P. Blois Ep. 15* 59A.  d metropolitanam basilicam dedicavit. corpora ‥ ducum Rollonis et Guillelmi reverenter in ~ram edem transtulit Ord. Vit. V 9 p. 371; ~ra loca sunt, que per manus pontificum sunt rite dicata et Deo sanctificata Beleth RDO 2. 15D; etsi ecclesie in nullius bonis sint, velut res ~re Ric. Angl. Summa 6.  e ~ra altaria ‥ crustis ac si gelantibus purpurei cruoris tecta ‥ viderentur Gildas EB 24; sis memor Albini sacris altaribus adstans Alcuin Carm. 20. 3; c1300 quatuor pueris quos levavit de ~ro fonte DCDurh. Misc. Ch. 2305.  f nec balsamorum sacris chrismatibus unctum Aldh. VirgV 680; fuscinula pravissima etiam nunc in ecclesia ~ras hostias attaminant Bede Sam. 513B; quia prius quam Deo ~er adeps adoleretur, partem sibi de hostia quam comederent praesumpserint Ib. 515C; puer ilico sacris / baptizatur aquis, miserae dans gaudia matri Frith. 518; pro quibus [fidelibus defunctis] in sacro canone quem super altare Dominicum soli sacerdotes dicunt, specialis oratio funditur et in oblatione ~ri libaminis Domino commendantur H. Reading (I) Dial. V 1212D; hodie impune Phassur in Jeremiam, Malchus in Christum, Jason in oblationes ~ras, Balthasar in vasa Domini manus extendit sacrilegas P. Blois Serm. 60. 736C. 2 execrable, detestable (of thing forfeit because of an offence against a divine law; in quot. w. ref. to Verg. Aen. III 57). ~er et venerandus et execrandus. Virgilius: ‘auri sacra fames’ Bede Orth. 53; ~ra famis, execranda cupiditas GlC S 106; 801 sed quid non efficit auri sacra fames Alcuin Ep. 215; ita ~ra fames avaritie mortalia pectora exedit W. Malm. GR II 108. 3 holy, sacred; b (of God or His attributes). c (~er Flatus, Paraclitus, Spiramen, or Spiritus) the Holy Spirit. d (of a saint or holy person); e (of a place); f (in place-name); g (of a time or season); h (of Scripture, cf. pagina 4a); i (of ecclesiastical order); j (of a religious service, ceremony, or sacrament). hic ‥ septiformis laterculorum numerus ab ipso nascentis mundi primordio ~er oriundus extitit Aldh. Met. 2 p. 62; ture incenso in igne ~ro in quo omnia holocausta fieri solebant Bede Luke 394B; ~rae crucis vexillum Id. HE III 2 p. 130; omnibus est donis melior dilectio sacra Alcuin Carm. 11. 25; ut querenti ‘qualis quali sit melior’ respondet disciplina ~ra ‘patiens forti’ Balsh. AD rec. 2 158; computa nos in numero filiorum, / sacrumque nobis exhibe salutare J. Howd. Cant. 215.  b Agnus ab hoste sacer, populum qui per mare duxit, / nunc melius mundum salvat ab hoste suum Alcuin Carm. 116. 5; Rex sacer erue nos, bone Jesu, summe sacerdos Ord. Vit. XI proem. p. 161.  c nunc clara ingenito dicatur gloria Patri / nec minus et genito promatur gloria Nato / Spiritus atque Sacer consorti laude fruatur Aldh. CE 3. 85; nec mirum infantes mysteria pandere Christi / lactantumque Sacer repleat si viscera Flatus / qui facit humanas asinam reboare loquelas Bede CuthbV 73; his super antistes, Sacro Spiramine plenus / adhibuit Domino plurima vota suo Wulf. Swith. pref. 111; Paraclitumque Sacrum parili dicione verendum Ib. I 999; septem / dona Sacri Flatus †debet [l. debent] in pectore ferre Garl. Myst. Eccl. 388.  d hoc sacer observat dilubrum Matthias almum Aldh. CE 5. 1; virgo ~ra inspiratione Spiritus Sancti eundem Redemptorem nostrum concepisse legitur Alcuin Exeg. 906B; hic heremita sacer non parvo tempore vixit Id. SS Ebor 662; hoc decus ecclesiae vovit tua cura Tonanti, / clavigeri inque sacri struxit honore Petri Wulf. Swith. pref. 172; postquam sacer ille sacerdos / corpore ibi tumulatus erat Ib. I 455; vir sacer et sapiens, cui nomen crescit in horas W. Malm. GR III 284.  e sacra frequentantes aulae qui limina lustrant Aldh. CE 1. 18; ? a792 peregrinorum ~ra sancti Petri principis apostolorum limina petentium Alcuin Ep. 11; sacra archisteria [v. l. consistoria] scandit Frith. 1149; glomusculum de capillis sanctae Dei genitricis Mariae invenit ‥ et per ~ra episcopatuum et cenobiorum loca reverenter divisit Ord. Vit. IX 15 p. 608; claves urbis ~re, sacrique sepulchri Dominici Gir. EH II 26.  f incipit tractatus de Spera Johannis de ~robosco Sacrob. Sph. tit. p. 26; 1252 dilectis filiis ‥ abbati de ~ronemore Glasguensis diocesis Inchaffray 72; ‘gens Scotica pugnans in ~ro monte’ sc. Halydone (Ergome) Pol. Poems I 143; c1400 Willelmo et Thoma de ~ronemore et Dulcicorde monasteriorum abbatibus Dryburgh app. 274.  g hinc Job intrepidus fidei bellatur in armis, / praesignans Christi tempora sacra Dei Alcuin Carm. 69. 107; nocti quippe mortis et miserie ‥ hec ~ra nox finem imposuit Hon. Spec. Eccl. 929A; quamcitius ‥ ad ~ros jejunialis abstinentie dies attigerat Gir. Spec. II 25 p. 69; in ~ro die Sancte Cene Domini Meaux III 210; illatis temporibus ~ris supranotatis MGL I 58.  h haec scripturae ~rae testimonia huic epistolae inserta Gildas EB 93; uterque pietate religionis imbutus, sed Niger Heuuald magis ~rarum litterarum erat scientia institutus Bede HE V 10 p. 299; dicis enim eumdem ~rae historiae interpretem haec reponere verba Alcuin Dogm. 219C; res, intellectus, et sermones quoque veros / dogmate dispensat pagina sacra suo J. Sal. Enth. Phil. 412; idem ‥ de Hebraico pro textu ~re Biblie ‥ est censendum R. Bury Phil. 10. 166; nesciatur an paratus sit corrigi per regulam fidei, sc. per scripturam ~ram Ockham Dial. 452.  i ut ‥ non probati in bono, sed in malo opere praesciti ministrantes et innumera crimini habentes ~ro ministerio adsciscantur Gildas EB 109; ornamenta quippe universalis ecclesiae juxta decreta veterum septenis ~rorum officiorum gradibus continentur Aldh. Met. 2 p. 70; gemma sacerdotum Martinus in ordine sacro / pontificatus erat Wulf. Swith. I 428; ~ros honores aecclesiarum, hos sibi pecunia comparans, istos aliis lingua venditans W. Malm. GP I 23.  j haec ~rae sollemnitas diei Bede Hom. I 11. 53D; c745 per ~ra missarum sollempnia in ~cris mysteriis corporis et sanguinis Domini Bonif. Ep. 63; cumque sanctus ~rae sollempnitatis dies et natalicius Andreae et praefinitae ordinationis inluxisset ‥ Willib. Bonif. 6; natus itaque beatus puer ~ri baptismatis unda perfunditur Ailr. Ed. Conf. 742B; ~re quidem communionis gratiam histrionibus et mimis, dum in malitia perseverant, ex auctoritate patrum non ambigis esse preclusam J. Sal. Pol. 406C. 4 (spec. uses): a (~crum Romanum imperium or sim.) Holy Roman Empire; b (of the Byzantine Empire). c (~rum palatium) the papal palace; d (of the king's palace). e (~rum plegium) pledge confirmed by appeal to God. f (~ra spina) sacrum. a 1302 ego W. ‥ sacrosancte Romane ecclesie et ~ri imperii et alme urbis prefecti publicus autoritate notarius (Ac.) EHR XXXI 119; 1416 in recuperacione et acquisicione jurium, terrarum, et dominiorum ad ~rum Romanum imperium pertinencium RParl IV 98a.  b Saxones Angli Ioniam expetierunt, et ipsi ac heredes eorum ~ro imperio fideliter famulati sunt Ord. Vit. IV 3 p. 172.  c 1156 ~ri palatii questores diligentissimi sub imagine juris presidentis forte religionem circumvenerunt J. Sal. Ep. 114 (17); domnum ‥ apostolicum et omnes ~ri palatii proceres faciles sibi invenerunt et benevolos Canon. G. Sempr. f. 108.  d assidebat narranti visionem regina, Robertus etiam ~ri custos palatii, dux Haraldus frater regine, Stigandus etiam Ailr. Ed. Conf. 773B.  e 1359 allocantur computanti pro amerciamentis trium hominum senescalli Scocie, attachiatorum in nundinis de Dunde, et liberatis eidem, per plegium ~rum, causa libertatum nundinarum, vj li. ExchScot I 592.  f ~ra spina, lendenban neoþeweard Ælf. Gl. 159. 5 (as sb. m.): a holy man. b man dedicated to religious purposes. c sacrist, sacristan, or ? f. l. a fornacem fomite farcit, / in quam flagrantem sacros detrudere jussit Aldh. VirgV 1108; monitus medicina secuta est, / agnovitque sacer medicum venisse superni / Judicis a solio Bede CuthbV 92; extorres statuunt agio incassum palinodo / quos sacer electis gradibus formarat adelphos Frith. 1117; de virtutibus illis, / quae sacer hic precibus vivens in corpore gessit Wulf. Swith. pref. 373.  b qui sacer instituis sacros ad sacra ministros Garl. Myst. Eccl. 9; dicet unusquisque secretius sub silencio ‘Benedicite’; et, licet infra ~ros non fuerit, istud saltem ad minus devote subjungat ‘cibum et potum servorum suorum Filius dei benedicat’ Cust. Westm. 104.  c 1587 tres pecias prati ‥ pertinentes ad officium sacri [? l. sacriste] nuper monasterii de Burye Sancti Edmundi Pat 1234 m. 22 (cf. ib.: ad officium sacriste nuper monasterii). 6 (as sb. n.) sacred thing or matter. b sacred vestment. c religious ceremony or sacrament. d pagan sacrifice. e oath. Halegmonath, mensis ~rorum [i. e. September] Bede TR 15; ambo in Scottia ~ris Christianis initiatis W. Malm. GR I 49; eum et sodales ejus ad sancta duxerunt, sepulchrum sc. Domini aliaque ~ra Ord. Vit. IX 15 p. 608; sicut enim in arte militari, instrumentorum, quibus res militaris instruitur, preparatio, precedit artem; sic hujus sacri adeuntibus cultum, quedam elementa premittuntur J. Sal. Met. 902A; 1421 domino Thome, abbati monasterii B. M. Ebor., nobile meum ~rum quod tetigit omnes reliquias Rome et Jerusalem Test. Ebor. III 62; sacris dicatus vel sacris deditus atque / sacra dans, vel dux sacer esto sacerdos WW.  b indutus est sacris Graystanes 17.  c dies festos celebrant, ~ra mundo corde oreque conficiunt Gildas EB 12; a Bacho, qui et Dionisius vocabatur ipse et Liber pater, unde et ~ra, quae Libero a bachantibus litabantur, Liberalia et Bachanalia Aldh. PR 123; non ultra carnalibus sinagogae caerimoniis delectabor, in quibus etiam ista paschalis agni ~ra locum tenuere praecipuum Bede Mark 273B; ea quae in ~ris divinis offeruntur Alcuin Dub. 1135B; is qui sacerdos ea ratione vocatur, quod alios sanctificando ~rum dare debeat J. Ford Serm. 112. 10; dicitur et sacerdos quasi ~rum dans; dat enim corpus Domini vel alia sacramenta populo Gir. PI I 19 p. 112; qui sacra constituit septem celebranda per orbem Garl. Myst. Eccl. 417; nomina ecclesie nessessaria [sic] ‥ hoc sacramentum, A. the sacrament, hoc ~rium, hoc sacrificium, sacrifyce WW; 1552 nulla venalia durante ~ro exponantur Conc. Scot. II 132.  d Jupiter: nobis, ut scis, magis est gratum pium quam pingue sacrum Liv. Op. 42.  e 1258 per sacrum tam militum quam aliorum liberorum et legitimorum hominum EE County Court 170.

2 sacer [OF sacre < Ar. ṣaqr = hawk], ~ra, kind of large falcon (Falco cheerug), saker. b (as adj., assoc. w. 1 sacer). 1236 mandatum est J. de E. quod faciat habere Thome de Erlham falcones et ~ros suos quos habet in custodia Cl 319; 1382 ad capiendum ‥ rectas prisas nostras falconum, austurcorum, ~rorum, sacrettorum, lanerorum, lanerettorum ‥ venalium, viz. ‥ pro tercello austurci, sacretti, laneri, laneretti pro quolibet vj s. viij d. Pat 313 m. 26; 1461 rectas prisas nostras de falconibus, austurcis, ~ris, sacrettis, laneris, lanerettis et gerfalconibus venalibus Pat 493 m. 20; solvendo ‥ pro falcone xx s., pro terceletto gentyn’ x s., pro austurco xiij s. iiij d., pro tarcello austurci, ~re, laneri et laneretti pro quolibet eorum vj s. Ib..  b quoddam autem genus girfalconum est quod ~rum cognominatur, et hii validiores sunt, habent autem colorem fuscum Upton 187; veteres ‥ quod praeclarum magnumque erat sacrum dicebant, ut sacrum os, sacram anchoram, ~rum falconem, quem hierofalconem dicunt Caius Anim. f. 23.

1 săcĕr, (7) cra, crum (sancio) ¶ 1 consacré à une divinité, sacré : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 129 ; v. religiosus ; jus sacrum Quint. 2, 4, 33, le droit sacré [qui concerne le culte religieux] ; sacra arma Liv. 24, 21, 10, armes sacrées [consacrées au dieu] ; luces sacræ Hor. O. 4, 15, 26, jours fériés ; laurus sacra Hor. O. 3, 4, 18, laurier sacré [consacré à Apollon] ; vates sacer Hor. O. 4, 9, 28, poète sacré [protégé dʼApollon, de Bacchus et des Muses] || [av. gén.] insula eorum deorum sacra Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, île consacrée à ces dieux, cf. Leg. 2, 45 || [avec dat.] Virg. En. 6, 484 ; Ov. M. 7, 623 ; 10, 109 ; Plin. 16, 11 ; 16, 139 ¶ 2 [fig.] saint, sacré, vénéré, auguste : o sacer et magnus vatum labor Luc. 9, 980, ô travail sacré et grand des poètes, cf. Suet. Tib. 27 ; Mart. 5, 69, 7 ; 8, 56, 3 ¶ 3 dévoué à un dieu [dans les imprécations] : ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset Liv. 3, 55, 7, que sa tête fût dévouée à Jupiter || voué aux dieux infernaux, maudit [celui qui était déclaré sacer pouvait être tué sans quʼil y eût crime de parricide : Fest. 318 ] ; formule pénale sacer esto, quʼil soit voué aux dieux infernaux || [fig.] maudit, exécrable : Pl. Bacch. 784 ; homo sacerrimus Pl. Pœn. 90, le plus infâme des hommes ; auri sacra fames Virg. En. 3, 57, la soif exécrable de lʼor.

➳ formes sacer, sacris, sacre Pl. Men. 289 ; Rud. 1208 ; Varro R. 2, 1, 20 ; 2, 4, 16 ; Fest. 318 ; v. sacrem.

sacer , cra, crum. adj. s. sacerrimus.
聖。祝聖者。可敬者。可恨者。惡者。— ignis 潮濕發瘇。Sanguis sacer 犠性之血。Homo sacer 受棄絕之人。亡命。Aedes sacra 廟。聖堂。Auri sacra fames 可恨之貪金。

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sacer cra, crum, adj.with sup.

• 1 SAC-, dedicated, consecrated, devoted, sacred: aedes: aedificia: locus: iura sacerrima lecti, O.: luctus late, V.: aurum, L.: tus, O.: ales (as regarded in augury), V.: tempus, H.: commissum, a crime against religion: vitis (sacred to Bacchus), H.: robur, O.: aqua, H.: fontes, V.: sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus, H.: sacro Dianae celebris die, H.: terra sacra deorum est: Sacra Iovi quercus, O.: Cereri Polyphoetes, V.: mensis Manibus, O.—As nomprop.: legiones in Sacrum montem secessisse, to the Sacred mount(on the right bank of the Anio, three miles from Rome), L.: Sacra via, Holy street(between the Forum and the Capitol): Ibam forte viā Sacrā, H.—Regarded with reverence, holy, awful, venerable: silentium, H.; cf. ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, L.—Devoted, forfeited, accursed, given over: sacer esto, H.: eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri, L.: ut eius caput Iovi sacrum esset, L.— Accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous: Auri fames, V.: Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor, H.