spiro
spiro, to breathe, draw breath, respire
- I Neutr., to breathe, blow, etc. (cf. flo).
- A Lit.
- 1 In gen. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose): freta circum Fervescunt graviter spirantibus incita flabris, Lucr. 6, 428; Ov. M. 7, 532: obturatis, quā spiraturus est ventus, cavernis, Plin. 8, 38, 58, § 138: emicat ex oculis, spiratque e pectore flamma, breathes forth, bursts forth, Ov. M. 8, 356: aequatae spirant aurae, Verg. A. 5, 844: graviter spirantis copia thymbrae, strongscented, Verg. G. 4, 31; cf.: semper odoratis spirabunt floribus arae, Stat. S. 3, 3, 211: seu spirent cinnama surdum, emit a slight fragrance, Pers. 6, 35: quā vada non spirant, nec fracta remurmurat unda, roar, rage, Verg. A. 10, 291; cf.: fervet fretis spirantibus aequor, boiling up, foaming, id. G. 1, 327.—
- 2 In partic., to breathe, draw breath, respire (the class. signif. of the word; cf. anhelo): cum spirantes mixtas hinc ducimus auras, Lucr. 6, 1129: quae deseri a me, dum quidem spirare potero, nefas judico, Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94: ne spirare quidem sine metu possunt, id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65; id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1: vehementer et crebro spirare, Cels. 2, 4: querulum spirat, breathes plaintively, Mart. 2, 26, 1.—
- b Transf.
- α Like the Engl. to breathe, = to live, be alive (usu. in the part. pres.): sunt qui ab eo (Clodio) spirante forum putent potuisse defendi, cujus non restiterit cadaveri curia (corresp. to vivus), Cic. Mil. 33, 91: ut in vivi etiam et spirantis capite bustum imponeret, id. Dom. 52, 134; cf.: margarita viva ac spirantia saxis avelli, Tac. Agr. 12 fin.: Catilina inter hostium cadavera repertus est, paululum etiam spirans, Sall. C. 61, 4: spirantia consulit exta, still panting, Verg. A. 4, 64: artus, Luc. 3, 732: corpora, id. 1, 363: non sunt ausi admovere (corpori), velut spiranti, manus, Curt. 10, 10, 13; Sil. 2, 430; cf. in verb. finit.: spirant venae corque adhuc paviduin salit, Sen. Thyest. 756.—*
- β Of aspirated letters: quibus (litteris) nullae apud eos dulcius spirant, sound, Quint. 12, 10, 27.—
- B Trop.
- 1 (Acc. to I. A. 1.) To be favorable, to favor (the fig. taken from a favorable wind): quod si tam facilis spiraret Cynthia nobis, Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 5: di maris et terrae ... spirate secundi, Verg. A. 3, 529.—
- 2 (Acc. to I. A. 2.) To breathe, live, be alive: videtur Laelii mens spirare etiam in scriptis, Galbae autem vis occidisse, Cic. Brut. 24, 94; cf.: spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque calores Aeoliae puellae, Hor. C. 4, 9, 10.—Of life-like representations by painting, sculpture, etc.: excudent alii spirantia mollius aera, Verg. A. 6, 847: Parii lapidis spirantia signa, id. G. 3, 34: spirat et arguta picta tabella manu, Mart. 7, 84, 2; 11, 10, 7.—
- 3 To be poetically inspired, to have the lyric spirit: quod spiro, et placeo, si placeo, tuum est, Hor. C. 4, 3, 24 (Orell. ad loc.).—
- 4 Spirare alte, altius, to be puffed up, proud, or arrogant, Flor. 2, 2, 27: Eusebium alte spirantem addixere poenae, Amm.22, 3, 12.—
- II Act., to breathe out, exhale, emit (mostly poet. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.; syn. exhalo).
- A Lit.: Diomedis equi spirantes naribus ignem, Lucr. 5, 29: flammam spirantes ore Chimaerae, id. 2, 705; so, flammas spirantes boves, Liv. 22, 17: flamina, Ov. F. 4, 18: Zephyros spirare secundos, Verg. A. 4, 562: tenuem animam, to breathe feebly, Val. Fl. 4, 436: ambrosiaeque comae divinum vertice odorem Spiravere, exhaled, Verg. A. 1, 404; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 81.—
- B Trop., to breathe forth, exhale: pinguia Poppaeana, Juv. 6, 466: mendacia, id. 7, 111: ut vidit vastos telluris hiatus Divinam spirare fidem (i. e. oracula), Luc. 5, 83.—
- 2 To breathe into: ficto Corpori animam, Lact. 2, 11, 3.—
- 3 Transf., like the Engl. to breathe, i. e. to be full of; to show, express, manifest; to design, intend a thing (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): tantum spirantes aequo certamine bellum. Lucr. 5, 392: mollem spirare quietem, Prop. 1, 3, 7: quae spirabat amores, Hor. C. 4, 13, 19: inquietum hominem et tribunatum etiam nunc spirantem, Liv. 3, 46: fratris facta spirans, imitating, Sil. 15, 411; cf.: fratrem spirat in armis, id. 3, 740: spirantes proelia dira effigies, id. 17, 398.— Often with neutr. adj. used adverb.: magnum, Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 53: majora, Curt. 6, 9, 11: immane, Verg. A. 7, 510: tragicum satis, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 166; cf. id. C. 4, 3, 24: quiddam indomitum, Flor. 1, 22, 1: cruenta, Amm.16, 1, 5.
I intr., ¶ 1 souffler : spirantia flabra Lucr. 6, 428, les vents qui soufflent, cf. Virg. En. 5, 844 ; Plin. 8, 138 ; illi dulcis spiravit crinibus aura Virg. G. 4, 417, le souffle parfumé pénétra sa chevelure || spirat pectore flamma Ov. M. 8, 356, les flammes soufflent, sʼexhalent de sa poitrine ¶ 2 bouillonner : qua vada non spirant Virg. En. 10, 291, dans lʼétendue où les flots ne bouillonnent pas, cf. Virg. G. 1, 327 ¶ 3 respirer, vivre : Lucr. 6, 1129 ; Cic. Amer. 65 ; Nat. 3, 94 ; spirans Cic. Mil. 91, vivant, cf. Cic. Domo 134 ; Sall. C. 61, 4 ; spirantia exta Virg. En. 4, 64, entrailles palpitantes || [fig.] videtur Læli mens spirare in scriptis Cic. Br. 94, lʼesprit de Lælius semble encore respirer [vivre] dans ses discours écrits, cf. Hor. O. 4, 9, 10 ; spirantia signa Virg. G. 3, 34, statues qui semblent vivantes, cf. Virg. En. 6, 847 ; spirante etiam re publica Cic. Sest. 54, la république respirant encore ¶ 4 poét. a) avoir le souffle poétique, être inspiré : Hor. O. 4, 4, 24 ; [avec acc. n. adverbial] : tragicum spirare Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 166, avoir le souffle tragique ; b) exhaler une odeur : graviter Virg. G. 4, 31, avoir une odeur forte ; spirabunt floribus aræ Stat. S. 3, 3, 211, les autels auront le parfum des fleurs ; c) avoir une émission, un timbre [en parl. de lettres] : Quint. 12, 10, 27.
II tr., ¶ 1 [poét.] souffler, émettre en soufflant : equi spirantes naribus ignem Lucr. 5, 29 ; Virg. En. 7, 281, chevaux soufflant le feu par leurs naseaux, cf. Liv. 22, 17, 5 || exhaler une odeur : Virg. En. 1, 404 ; pinguia Poppæana Juv. 6, 463, exhaler lʼodeur de la pommade Poppée || [fig.] mendacia Juv. 7, 111, exhaler des mensonges ¶ 2 [fig.] respirer : a) aspirer à, être avide de : bellum Lucr. 5, 392 ; Martem Cic. Att. 15, 11, 1 [cf. Ἄρη πνέων Cic. Q. 3, 4, 6 ], respirer la guerre, les combats ; majora Curt. 6, 9, 11, avoir des visées plus grandes ; b) donner des signes de, manifester, annoncer : tribunatum Liv. 3, 46, 2, respirer le tribunal = avoir les sentiments dʼun tribun ; mollem quietem Prop. 1, 3, 7, donner les signes dʼun doux repos, cf. Hor. O. 4, 13, 19.
- 1. (poët.; postklass.) blazen, waaien; ➤ zephyri, venti spirant; — m. dat. (metaf.) begunstigen: aura spiravit illi (Verg.); — (poët.) (ook v. goden) wind sturen: di, spirate secundi (Verg.) stuur gunstige wind!;
- 2. (poët.) (v.d. zee) bruisen; ➤ freta spirantia; — v. slangen en vuur: sissen: hydra spirans; spirat e pectore flamma (Verg.);
- 3. geuren [graviter]; ➤ odoratis spirabunt floribus arae;
- 4. ademen; ➤ dum ~ potero; ne ~ quidem sine metu posse; — leven: spirans nog levend; (metaf.) spirante etiam re publica; spirantia exta nog warm; spirantia signa, aera vol leven;
- 5. (metaf.) voortleven, behouden blijven; ➤ videtur Laelii mens ~ in scriptis (Cic.); spirat adhuc amor (Hor.);
- 6. (poët.) dichterlijke inspiratie of gave hebben; II. tr.
- 1. uitademen, uitblazen [flammas (v. vuurspuwende wezens); ignem naribus; frigora (v. winden)];
- 2. (poët.) verspreiden, verbreiden [odorem];
- 3. (metaf.) vervuld zijn van, bezield zijn door (m. acc.) [tribunatum van de geest v.e. tribuun; amores].
吹。風吹。呼吸。吹噓。吹煦。噴香。生活。呼出。Ille spirat aliquid 彼顯一件事。v. spirans.
Suggest a Translation
See an image
- to breathe, draw breath, respire: dum spirare potero: ne spirare quidem sine metu possunt: sunt qui ab eo (Clodio) spirante forum putent potuisse defendi, i. e. while alive: margarita viva ac spirantia saxis avelli, Ta.: spirantia consulit exta, still panting, V.: non sunt ausi admovere (corpori), velut spiranti, manūs, Cu.: graviter spirantis copia thymbrae, i. e. of strong odor, V.: Di maris et terrae . . . spirate secundi, i. e. be propitious, V.—With acc, to breathe out, exhale, emit: flammas, L.: flamina, O.: divinum odorem, V.—To breathe, blow, be exhaled, burst forth: Letiferis calidi spirarunt flatibus austri, O.: Quā vada non spirant, rage, V.: fervet fretis spirantibus aequor, boiling, V.—Fig., to breathe, live, be alive: videtur Laeli mens spirare etiam in scriptis: spirat adhuc amor puellae, H.: Parii lapides spirantia signa, V.—To be inspired, have poetic inspiration: Quod spiro, tuum est, H. —With acc, to breathe forth, exhale, be full of, be inspired with, aim at: mendacia, Iu.: amores, H.: tribunatum, L.: maiora, Cu.: immane, V.
-
…, sed omnes tamen advorsis volneribus conciderant. Catilina vero longe a suis inter hostium cadavera repertus est paululum etiam spirans ferociamque animi, quam habuerat vivus, in voltu retinens. Postremo ex omni copia neque in proelio neque in…
Sallust, Catilina
-
…iam duris cotibus Andromede ; nec minus assiduis Edonis fessa choreis qualis in herboso concidit Apidano talis visa mihi mollem spirare quietem Cynthia non certis nixa caput manibus, ebria cum multo traherem vestigia Baccho, et quaterent sera nocte facem…
Propertius, Elegies
-
…vos pontifices sanctos esse dicitis diligentiusque urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus cingitis ; quae deseri a me, dum quidem spirare potero, nefas iudico. Tum Cotta Ego vero et opto redargui me Balbe, et ea quae disputavi disserere…
M. Tullius Cicero, de Natura Deorum
-
…, non eum quem flens flentem, prosequentem proficiscens dimiseras, ne vestigium quidem eius nec simulacrum sed quandam effigiem spirantis mortui. atque utinam me mortuum prius vidisses aut audisses, utinam te non solum vitae sed etiam dignitatis meae…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem
-
…quam vivus everterat. et sunt qui de via Appia querantur, taceant de curia, et qui ab eo spirante forum putent potuisse defendi, cuius non restiterit cadaveri curia excitate, excitate ipsum, si potestis, a mortuis…
Cicero, pro Milone
-
…orationem cum ingressus essem, Cassius intervenit. ego eadem illa repetivi. hoc loco fortibus sane oculis Cassius Martem spirare diceres se in Siciliam non iturum. egone ut beneficium accepissem contumeliam quid ergo agis inquam. at ille in…
Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum
-
…isque cum consedit, omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris exstinguitur. hanc igitur ob causam videtur Laeli mens spirare etiam in scriptis, Galbae autem vis occidisse. fuerunt etiam in oratorum numero mediocrium L. et Sp .…
M. Tullius Cicero, Brutus
-
…; interitum ; et suam praedam interesse passi sunt statim me perculso ad meum sanguinem hauriendum, et spirante etiam re publica ad eius spolia detrahenda advolaverunt. omitto gratulationes, epulas, partitionem aerari, beneficia, spem…
Cicero, pro Sestio
-
…polluisset, somnum statim capere potuisset, propterea quod qui tantum facinus commiserunt non modo sine cura quiescere sed ne spirare quidem sine metu possunt. videtisne quos nobis poetae tradiderunt patris ulciscendi causa supplicium de matre sumpsisse, cum praesertim…
Cicero, pro S. Roscio Amerino