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νεῦρον

νεῦρον, a sinew, tendon

νεῦρον, τό,
  • sinew, tendon, once in Hom., in pl., of the tendons at the feet, περὶ δʼ ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ νεῦρα διεσχίσθη Il. 16.316, cf. Hp. Art. 11, etc.; τὰ ν. οἷα ἐπιτείνεσθαι καὶ ἀνίεσθαι Pl. Phd. 98c; ν. ἐξ ἰνῶν [γίγνεται] Id. Ti. 82c; σάρκες καὶ ν. ibid.; σύγκειταί μου τὸ σῶμα ἐξ ὀστῶν καὶ ν. Id. Phd. 98c, cf. Arist. HA 515a27, al.: used adjectivally, ib. 540a18 (s.v.l.).
        • b ν. ἔναιμον vein, Hp. Liqu. 2, cf. Ruf. Onom. 208.
      • 2 metaph., in pl., nerves, sinews, τὰ ν. τῆς τραγῳδίας, of the lyric odes, Ar. Ra. 862; ὑποτέτμηται τὰ ν. τῶν πραγμάτων Aeschin. 3.166; ἕως ἐκτέμῃ ὥσπερ ν. ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς Pl. R. 411b; ἐκτ. τὰ ν. [οἴνου] Plu. QConv. 2.692c; also πόλις ἥτις μὴ νεῦρʼ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας ἔχει D. 19.283: less freq. in sg., τὸ ν. ὑποκόπτοντες τῆς δυνάμεως J. BJ 5.1.4; χρήματα ν. πολέμου App. BC 4.99.
    • II cord made of sinew, e. g. bowstring, Il. 4.122; string fastening the head of the arrow to the shaft, ib. 151; also δέρματα συρράπτειν νεύρῳ βοός Hes. Op. 544; cord of a sling, X. An. 3.4.17, Q.S. 11.112; bowstring, Ach.Tat. 3.8.
      • 2 = νευρά 3, Plb. 4.56.3, App. Mith. 107.
      • 3 string of a lyre, AP 9.584.9, Luc. DMar. 1.4.
    • III in pl., fibres of plants, Pl. Plt. 280c.
    • IV nerves, as organs of sensation, first in Erasistr. ap. Gal. 5.602; ν. πρακτικά, αἰσθητικά, etc., Ruf. Onom. 211; ν. κινητικά, προαιρετικά, Gal. 2.613, 739; ν. ἀκουστικόν Alex.Aphr. Pr. 1.71, cf. Gal. 2.831, Plot. 4.3.23.
    • V penis, Pl.Com. 173.19, Gal. 8.442. (Cf. Skt. snā´van-, Avest. snāvarə, ‘sinew’, ‘bond’.)

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