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σχῆμα

σχῆμα, form, figure, appearance

σχῆμα, ατος, τό, (ἔχω, σχεῖν)
  • form, shape, figure, E. Ion 238, Ar. V. 1170, Pl. R. 601a, Thphr. Ign. 52, etc.; καθʼ Ἡρακλέα τὸ σ. καὶ τὸ λῆμʼ ἔχων Ar. Ra. 463; διερεισαμένη τὸ σ. τῇ βακτηρίᾳ Id. Ec. 150; Ἱππομέδοντος σ. καὶ μέγας τύπος A. Th. 488: in Trag. freq. in periphr., ὦ σ. πέτρας, = πέτρα, S. Ph. 952; σ. καὶ πρόσωπον εὐγενὲς τέκνων E. Med. 1072; σ. δόμων Id. Alc. 911 (anap.), cf. Hec. 619; Ἀσιάτιδος γῆς σ. Id. Andr. 1: in pl., of one person, φωτὸς κακούργου σχήματʼ Id. Fr. 210; μορφῆς σχῆμα or σχήματα, Id. Ion 992, IT 292, cf. IG 3.1417.14; τὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ σ. μορφήν Arist. PA 640b34 (but ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ ὑπάρχων, opp. σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος, Ep.Phil. 2.6 and 8); τὰ σ. καὶ χρώματα Pl. R. 373b; σχήμασι καὶ χρώμασι μιμεῖσθαι Arist. Po. 1447a19; κατὰ χρόαν ἢ ὄγκον ἢ σ. [τοῦ προσώπου] Gal. 18(2).309; ὅσα παθήματα γίνεται ἀπὸ σχημάτων caused by peculiar conformations, Hp. VM 22.
        • b atom, imagined as differing from other atoms mainly in shape, ἐκ περιφερῶν συγκεῖσθαι σχημάτων Democr. ap. Thphr. Sens. 65; ἐκ μεγάλων σ. καὶ πολυγωνίων ib. 66, cf. 67, al., Od. 64.
      • 2 appearance, opp. the reality, οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν . . σ. a mere outside, E. Fr. 25, cf. 360.27, Pl. R. 365c; show, pretence, ἦν δὲ τοῦτο . . σ. πολιτικὸν τοῦ λόγου Th. 8.89; οὐ σχήμασι, ἀλλὰ ἀληθείᾳ Pl. Epin. 989c; σχήματι ξενίας under the show of . ., Plu. Dio 16, etc.
      • 3 bearing, air, mien, Hdt. 1.60; τύραννον σ. ἔχειν S. Ant. 1169; ἄφοβον δεικνὺς σ. X. Cyr. 6.4.20; ταπεινὸν σ. ib. 5.1.5; ὑπηρέτου σ. D. 23.210; τῷ σχήματι, τῷ βλέμματι, τῇ φωνῇ Id. 21.72; ὄμμασι καὶ σχήμασι καὶ βαδίσματι φαιδρός gestures, X. Ap. 27, cf. Mem. 3.10.5; esp. outside show, pomp, τὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς σ. Pl. Lg. 685c; dignity, rank, οὐ κατὰ σ. φέρειν τι in a manner not dignified or seemly, Plb. 3.85.9, cf. 5.56.1, Plu. Aud. 2.44a, QConv. 631c, Luc. Peregr. 25; πρεσβείας, ἱερείας σ., Aristid. 1.490 J., Inscr.Olymp. 941; ἔχει τι σ., c. inf., thereʼs something to be said for . ., E. Tr. 470, cf. IA 983; of the stately air of a horse, X. Eq. 1.8, 7.10.
      • 4 fashion, manner, ἑτέρῳ σ. ζητεῖν Hp. VM 2; σ. μὲν γὰρ Ἑλλάδος στολῆς ὑπάρχει fashion of dress, S. Ph. 223; σ. τοῦ κόσμου E. Ba. 832, 1 Ep.Cor. 7.31; σ. βίου, μάχης, E. Med. 1039, Ph. 252 (lyr.); τούτῳ . . κατῴκουν τῷ σ. Pl. Criti. 112d.
        • b dress, equipment, ἀρχαίῳ σ. λαμπρός Ar. Eq. 1331; βαβαιὰξ τοῦ σ. Id. Ach. 64, cf. X. Oec. 2.4, Theoc. 10.35, App. BC 1.16; τὸ τῆς πορφύρας σ., = Lat. latus clavus, IGRom. 3.1422 (Prusias); ἐν τῷ σ. ἱερέ[ως] ib. 69.17 (ibid., cf. Glotta 14.80), cf. Sammelb. 7449.10 (V A.D.), PLond. 5.1729.25 (vi A.D.).
      • 5 character, role, μεταβαλεῖν τὸ σ. Pl. Alc. 1.135d; πάντα σ. ποιεῖν Id. R. 576a; ἐν μητρὸς σχήματι Id. Lg. 918e, cf. 859a; ἀπολαβεῖν τὸ ἑαυτῶν σ. to recover their proper character, X. Cyr. 7.1.49.
      • 6 character, characteristic property of a thing, [πόλεως] Th. 6.89; πολιτείας Pl. Plt. 291d; βασιλείας σ. ἔχει the form of monarchy, Arist. EN 1160b25; τὸ σ. τῆς λέξεως δεῖ μήτε ἔμμετρον εἶναι μήτε ἄρρυθμον Id. Rh. 1408b21 (but τὰ σ. τῆς λέξεως the forms (modes) used in poetry, such as entreaty, threat, command, Id. Po. 1456b9); τὰ τῆς κωμῳδίας σ. its characteristic forms, ib. 1448b36; ἐν σχήματι νόμου in form of law, Pl. Lg. 718b; ἐν ἀπολογίας σ. Isoc. 15.8; ἐν μύθου σ. Arist. Metaph. 1074b2, cf. Pl. Ti. 22c; τὸ τῆς διαίτης σ. Gal. 15.582; αἱ κατὰ σχήματα πυρετῶν διαφοραί Id. 19.183.
      • 7 a figure in Dancing, Ar. V. 1485: mostly in pl., figures, gestures (cf. σχημάτιον), E. Cyc. 221, Ar. Pax 323, Pl. Lg. 669d, Epigr. ap. Plu. QConv. 2.732f, etc.; σχήματα πρὸς τὸν αὐλὸν ὀρχεῖσθαι X. Smp. 7.5; ἐν . . μουσικῇ καὶ σχήματα . . καὶ μέλη ἔνεστι figures and tunes, Pl. Lg. 655a; also of the postures of an athlete, Isoc. 15.183: generally, posture, position, Hp. Off. 11, al., Ar. Ra. 538 (lyr.), Thphr. Lass. 3, 14; of the foetus, Sor. 2.55; τὸ τῆς κατακλίσεως σ. the patientʼs attitude as he lies in bed, Gal. 16.578, cf. 665; cf.σχηματίζω II 3.
        • b Rhet., figure of speech, Pl. Ion 536c, Cic. Brut. 37.141, etc.; [ἡ τοῦ Θουκυδίδου φράσις] πλήρης σχημάτων D.H. Pomp. 5, cf. Amm. 2.2; for σ. Πινδαρικόν, etc., v. Hdn. Fig. p.100 S.
        • c in Logic, figure of a syllogism, Arist. APr. 26b33, al., Thphr. Fr. 59.
        • d τὸ σ. τῆς λέξεως, both the grammatical form of a sentence, Arist. SE 166b10, cf. Gal. 16.709, etc.; and its rhythmical form, Arist. Rh. l.c. supr. 6, etc.
        • e grammatical form of a word, Hp. Vict. 1.23, D.T. 635.21, A.D. Pron. 17.25, al.
      • 8 geometrical figure, Arist. de An. 414b20, al., Onos. 10.28; μονωτάτη πάντων ἀριθμῶν δυὰς σχήματος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιδεκτική Theol.Ar. 7.
        • b phase of the moon, Ptol. Tetr. 21, Vett.Val. 106.28.
        • c Astrol., aspect, Plot. 2.3.1, Man. 3.5, 212, al.
        • d configuration of birds in augury, τοῖς τῶν γυναικῶν σχήμασι σῴζεσθαι to be saved by the configurations (of birds) appropriate to women, Gal. 15.445.
      • 9 in Tactics, military formation, X. An. 1.10.10.
      • 10 = τὸ αἰδοῖον LXX Is. 3.17.

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