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ψεύδω

ψεύδω, to cheat by lies, beguile

ψεύδω, S. Ant. 389, etc.: fut. ψεύσω Id. OC 628, X. Cyr. 1.5.13: aor. ἔψευσα A. Pers. 472, Plb. 18.11.11, etc.:—Pass., fut. ψευσθήσομαι S. Tr. 712, Gal. 15.143: aor. ἐψεύσθην Hdt. 1.141, etc.: pf. ἔψευσμαι (v. infr.); imper. ἐψεύσθω Aeschin. 1.162:—
  • cheat by lies, beguile, τινα S. OC 628, etc.:—Pass., to be cheated, deceived, A. Ch. 759, etc.; εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι unless I am much deceived, Antipho 3.2.1.
      • 2 c. gen., cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing, ψεύσει σʼ ὁδοῦ τῆσδʼ ἐλπίς E. Hec. 1031; ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας A. Pers. 472; μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος Ar. Th. 870; πιστεύω . . μὴ ψεύσειν με . . τὰς ἐλπίδας X. Cyr. 1.5.13; πόλλʼ ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς E. Fr. 650:—Pass., to be cheated balked, disappointed, τινος of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου, Hdt. 1.141, 5.47; ἐνάρων S. Aj. 178 (lyr.); δείπνου Ar. Nu. 618 (troch.); ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν disappointed of receiving tidings from the scouts, Th. 8.103.
      • 3 in Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης deceived in their judgement, mistaken in opinion, Hdt. 8.40, cf. S. Tr. 712 (also ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ Hdt. 7.9.γʹ); ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived or mistaken in their notions of the Athenian power, Th. 4.108; πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας you have often had a mistaken idea of a manʼs wealth, Lys. 19.45; τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην Pl. Ap. 22d; ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Id. R. 413a; τῆς ὥρας And. 1.38; ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων Pl. Tht. 195a; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, opp. εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, X. Mem. 4.2.26; also ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι Hdt. 9.48; περί τινος X. An. 2.6.28, Pl. Prt. 358c: also c. acc., ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο X. An. 1.8.11, etc.; αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Th. 6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος most happily deceived or mistaken, Pl. Men. 71d: more rarely in Act., καί μʼ ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ thou hast much belied my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, S. Aj. 1382.
      • 4 of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται the third mode of explanation is most untrue, most mistaken, Hdt. 2.22.
    • II c. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω II, represent a thing as a lie, falsify, ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων S. OC 1512 (prob. for σημάτων) ; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην afterthought gives opinion the lie, Id. Ant. 389:— Pass., ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων if his word prove (lit. be proved) false, Id. Ph. 1342; ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Th. 3.66; πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται have been falsely reported, D. 52.23; in E. Andr. 346 for ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται it will be falsely said, Porsonʼs correction ἐψεύσεται is probable (πεύσεται Kiehl).
  • B earlier and more common ψεύδομαι, imper. ψεύδεο Il. 4.404 (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. ψεύσομαι Hom., Pi., Att.: aor ἐψευσάμην, v. infr.: fut. 2 ἐψεύσομαι (will have made a false statement) Gal. 15.137 (s. v.l.): pf. ἔψευσμαι X. An. 1.3.10.
    • I abs., lie, speak false, play false, ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; Il. 10.534, Od. 4.140; οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι h.Merc. 369; οὐ ψεύσομʼ ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ Pi. O. 13.52; περί τινος Pl. Prt. 347a; ψ. κατά τινος, opp. λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος, Id. Euthd. 284a, Lys. 22.7; ψ. πρός τινα X. An. 1.3.5; ψ. τινι Act.Ap. 5.4 and εἴς τινα Ep.Col. 3.9.
      • 2 c. inf., say falsely, pretend that . ., Plu. Garr. 2.506d.
      • 3 c. acc. rei, say that which is untrue, whether intentionally or not, τοῦτό γʼ οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar. Ec. 445; οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται Id. Ach. 561; κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμʼ ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν S. OT 461; ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω . ., εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι Pl. Smp. 214e, cf. X. Mem. 4.2.19; περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς Lys. 3.21.
      • 4 to be false or faithless, to be perjured or forsworn, Hes. Op. 283.
      • 5 ὁ ψευδόμενος, the Liar, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. D.L. 2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic. 2.92 (ψευδόμενος is an interpolation in ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. Arist. EN 1146a22).
    • II like Act. II, belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι break them, Il. 7.352; so συνθήκας ψ. X. Ages. 1.12; γάμους E. Ba. 31, 245; so in plpf., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Th. 5.83; so also οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς they did not belie, i.e. they made good, their threats, Hdt. 6.32; τὰ χρήματα . . ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, X. An. 5.6.35.
    • III like Act. I, deceive by lies, cheat, Λοξίαν ἐψευσάμην A. Ag. 1208, cf. X. HG 3.1.25; also ψ. τινά τι deceive one in a thing, S. OC 1145, E. Alc. 808; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι and therein I will not disappoint him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, And. 1.123; τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται (ὧν being in gen. by attraction) Pl. Lg. 921a.
    • IV of combinations of words, make a false statement, Arist. Int. 16a3.

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