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ἄρχω

ἄρχω, ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦρχα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην, rule, command (+ gen)

ἄρχω, Ep. inf. ἀρχέμεναι Il. 20.154: impf. ἦρχον ib. 2.378, etc.; Dor. ἆρχον Pi. O. 10(11).51: fut. ἄρξω Od. 4.667, A. Pr. 940, Th. 1.144: aor. ἦρξα, Ep. ἄρξα Od. 14.230, etc.: pf. ἦρχα CIG 3487.14 (Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu. VOrat. 2.851f:—Med., Od. 8.90, etc.; non-thematic part. ἄρχμενος Call. Aet. 3.1.56 [Fr. 75.56 Pf.], al.: impf., Il. 9.93, Hdt. 5.28: fut. ἄρξομαι (in med. sense, v. infr.) Il. 9.97, E. IA 442, X. Cyr. 8.8.2; Dor. ἀρξεῦμαι Theoc. 7.95: aor. ἠρξάμην Od. 23.310, etc.:—Pass., pf. ἦργμαι only in med. sense, v. infr. I.2: aor. ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι Th. 6.18, Arist. Pol. 1277b13, v. infr. II.4:—
  • to be first,
    • I in Time, begin, make a beginning, Act. and Med. (in Hom. the Act. is more freq., in Att. Prose the Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized), πολέμου ἄρχειν to be the aggressor, Th. 1.53; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin oneʼs operations, X. HG 6.3.6; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, Id. An. 1.6.6; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin oneʼs speech, ib. 3.2.7. Constr.:
      • 1 mostly c. gen., make a beginning of, ἄρχειν πολέμοιο Il. 4.335; μύθων Od. 3.68; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι Hdt. 1.2; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς A. Pers. 409; τοῦ κακοῦ ib. 353; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, Antipho 4.2.1 and 2:— in Med. in religious sense, = ἀπάρχεσθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, Od. 14.428, cf. E. Ion 651; but Act., σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι Pi. I. 6(5).37.
      • 2 c. gen., begin from or with . ., ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δʼ ἄρξομαι Il. 9.97; ἄρχεσθαι Διός Pi. N. 5.25; πόθεν ἄρξωμαι; A. Ch. 855; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται Hp. VM 5; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, Od. 23.199, Hp. Off. 11; ἀπό τινος freq. in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, Hdt. 3.12; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., Pl. R. 408d, Thg. 128d:—ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, Pl. Grg. 471c, cf. D. 18.297; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων X. Mem. 3.5.15; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος Pl. Lg. 771c; ἀφʼ ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή ib. 771a; ἀφʼ Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος Ar. V. 846.
      • 3 c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, Il. 15.95; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε 2.433, etc.; τῇσι δὲ . . ἄρχετο μολπῆς Od. 6.101; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα Th. 2.53, cf. 12; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι X. HG 2.2.23; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον S. Tr. 871.
      • 4 c. acc., ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, Od. 8.107 (but also ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο lead the way, 5.237): abs. (sc. ὁδόν), ἄρχε δʼ Ἀθήνη 3.12; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε Il. 9.69; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών 3.447; ἦρχε δʼ ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης 5.592, cf. infr. II.2: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον Pi. N. 3.10; ἅπερ ἦρξεν A. Ag. 1529 (lyr.); λυπηρόν τι S. El. 552; ὕβριν Id. Fr. 368.
      • 5 of actions, σέο δʼ ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ Il. 9.102: freq. c. inf., τοῖσιν δʼ ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν among them, Il. 1.571, etc.; ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχʼ ἴμεν, 2.84, 13.329; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν Od. 22.437, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν Il. 7.324; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν Th. 1.107; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι Id. 2.47: c. part., of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il. 2.378; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων Hdt. 4.119; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα X. Cyr. 8.7.26; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; Pl. Mx. 237a, cf. Tht. 187a (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν Id. Phdr. 241e); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων X. Cyr. 8.8.2 (but ἤρξω μανθάνειν Id. Mem. 3.5.22).
      • 6 abs., ἄρχε take the lead! Il. 9.69: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. ap. Th. 4.118, cf. Lex ap. D. 24.42; τὸ ἄρχον, opp. τὸ ἑπόμενον, Dam. Pr. 234: part. ἀρχόμενος at first, X. Eq. 9.3, Cyn. 3.8, Isoc. 2.54; at the beginning, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος Hes. Op. 368, cf. Fr. 192.4; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι Ar. Eq. 1246; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε Th. 2.1; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ ibid.; θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου ib. 47.
      • 7 Gramm., of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος D.T. 633.27; ἡ ἄρχουσα (sc. συλλαβή) A.D. Synt. 130.13.
    • II in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command,
      • 1 mostly c. gen., rule, be leader of . ., Βοιωτῶν Il. 2.494, cf. Hdt. 5.1, etc.
      • 2 less freq. c. dat., ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα Od. 14.230, cf. 471, Il. 2.805, Pi. P. 3.4, A. Pr. 940, E. Andr. 666, IA 337, IG 7.2830 (Hyettus), etc.; also ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχʼ held command among them, Il. 13.690, cf. Pl. Phdr. 238a: c. inf. added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, Il. 16.65.
      • 3 abs., rule, ὅσον τό τʼ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα A. Pr. 927, cf. Pers. 774; esp. hold a magistracy, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν Hdt. 6.67; at Athens, etc., to be archon, D. 21.178; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, Hdt. 3.80, Th. 6.54; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) IG 3.659, 693, SIG 872.7.
      • 4 Pass., with fut. ἄρξομαι Hdt. 7.159, Pi. O. 8.45, A. Pers. 589, Lys. 28.7; but ἀρχθήσομαι Arist. Pol. 1259b40, D.C. 65.10:—to be ruled, governed, etc., ὑπό τινος Hdt. 1.127; ἔκ τινος S. El. 264, Ant. 63; ὑπό τινι Hdt. 1.91, 103; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος Lys. 12.92; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι Sol. ap. D.L. 1.60, cf. Pl. Prt. 326d; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν Arist. Pol. 1277b14; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι subjects, X. An. 2.6.19, etc.

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